Creating the Logistics Vision Nowadays,most companies are familiar with the idea of "mission statement"as an expression of setting a vision for the business.The mission statement seeks to define the pur-pose of the business,its boundaries and its aspirations.It is now common for organizations to have such statement for the business as a whole and for key constituent components.What some companies have found is that there can be significant benefits to defining the lo-gistics vision of the firm. The purpose of the logistics vision statement is to give a clear indication which business intends to build a position of advantage through closer customer relationship.Such state-ment is never easy to construct.There is always the danger that they will publish the ener-getic and encouraging declaration that give everyone a warm feeling but provide no guideline for action. Ideally the logistics vision should be built around the simple issue of"How do we intend to use logistics and supply chain management to create value for our customers?"To realize this idea will necessitate a detailed understanding of how customer value is created and deliv-ered in the market in which the business competes.Value chain analysis will be a fundamen-tal element in this investigation as will the definition of the core competencies and capabilities of the organization.Asking the question"What activities dowe excel in?"and"What is it that differentiates us from our competitors?"is the starting point for creating the logistics vision statement. Earlier,it was suggested that the three words"Better,Faster,Cheaper"summarizes the ways in which logistics vision statement can provide value for customers.The criterion for good logistics vision statement is that it should provide the road map for how these three goals are to be achieved． Questions:

What should a logistics mission statement provide?( )

A:Management encouragement. B:A design of new methods to apply to customer satisfaction. C:Some detailed actions to undertake to obtain more market share. D:An outline of actions for goals to be achieved．

"Life Form Found" on Saturn"s Titan

Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life1 on the Saturn"s moon2. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency,NASA3,analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini4,which pointed to,the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturn"s biggest moon.

Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are"breathing" in

Titan"s dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.

They argue that hydrogen gets absorbed before hitting Titan"s planet-like surface covered with methane lakes and rivers. This,they say,points to the existence of some"bugs"5 consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth.

"We suggested hydrogen consumption because it"s the obvious gas for life to consume on Titan,similar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth,"says NASA scientist Chris McKay."If these signs do turn out to be a sign of life,it would be doubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth."

To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life anywhere,though there are liquid-

water-based microorganisms on Earth that grow well on methane or produce it as a waste product. On Titan, where temperatures are around 90 Kelvin6(minus 290 degrees Farenheit),a methanebased organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes, but not water itself. Water is frozen solid on Titan"s surface and much too cold to support life as we know it.

Scientists had expected the Sun"s interactions with chemicals in the atmosphere to produce a coating of acetylene on Titan"s surface. But Cassini detected no acetylene on the surface.

The absence of detectable acetylene on the Titan"s surface can very well have a non-biological explanation,said Mark Allen,a principal investigator7 of the NASA Titan team.

"Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non-biological explanations are addressed,"Allen said. "We have a lot of work to do to rule out8 possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results."

词汇：

Saturn /"sætən/ n．土星        

methane/"mi:θein/ n．甲烷，沼气

Titan/"taitən/ n．土卫六       

acetylene/ə"setili:n/ n．乙炔

alien/"eiljən/ n．外星人；adj．外星球的；相异的 

conservatism/kən"sʒ:vətizəm/ n．保守主义,守旧

注释：

1.hints of alien life：外星生命迹象。

2.the Saturn"s moon：指土卫六（Titan) 。土卫六又称泰坦星，是土星卫星中最大的一颗。

3.NASA：美国国家航空航天局的缩写，全称是： National Aeronautics and Space

Administration。

4.spacecraft Cassini：卡西尼号探测器，以出生于意大利的法国天文学家卡西尼的名字命名，其任务是环绕土星飞行，对土星及其大气、光环、卫星和磁场进行深人考察。1997 年10 月15日，重六吨的“卡西尼”号星际探测器被发射飞往土星的轨道。这是上世纪发射的最后一艘行星际探测的大飞船。“卡西尼”号用了将近七年时间，在2004 年7月1日飞达土星轨道。

5.bugs：微生物。非正式口语表达，所以使用了引号。

6.Kelvin：可翻译成“绝对温度”。Kelvin Scale ，绝对温标，开氏温标，是由Kelvin 勋爵于19世纪中叶发明的温度计量方法，其零度相当于摄氏一273. 15" C ，被认为是宇宙中最低温度。这种温度计量方法多为科学家使用。

7.principal investigator：研究项目负责人

8.rule out：排除……的可能性

What have scientists found about Saturn?

A:They have found a new moon orbiting Saturn. B:They have found methane-based life on Saturn. C:They have found methane-based life on Titan. D:They have found earthlike life on a Saturn"s moon.

Red Meat Links to Higher Risk of Breast Cancer¹

    Exercise and keeping a healthy weight are two things that doctors say might help women lower their risk of breast cancer.

    Mothers may reduce their risk if they breastfeed for at least four months. For older women, hormone replacement therapy² can lower the risk of some other diseases. But it has been found to increase the risk of breast cancer. So women should consider their choices carefully. The same may be said for diet.

    New findings show that younger women who eat a lot of red meat have higher rates of breast cancers called hormone-receptor positive³. The growth is fed by the levels of estrogen or another hormone, progesterone, in the body.

    Researchers at Brigham Women’s Hospital in Boston,Massachusetts, reported the findings as part of a health study of nurses. The researchers followed the health of more than 90,000 women from 1991 to 2003. Those who ate the most red meat ate more than one and one-half servings a day. A serving was defined as roughly 84 grams. Those who ate the least red meat ate less than three servings a week. This is what the study found about breast cancers that were hormone receptor-positive: The women who ate the most red meat were almost two times as likely to get them as the women who ate the least of it.

    Eunyoung Cho, the lead author of the report, says more research is needed to know the reason for the link. But in the past, researchers have suggested that three things may play a part. One is the way meat is cooked or processed. Another is the use of growth hormones in cows. And the third is the kind of iron in red meat: The study appears in the Archives of Internal Medicine.

    And now we have more to tell you about our subject — resveratrol. We discussed a study in theUnited Statesthat found that large amounts of this plant compound helped fat mice live longer. The mice were fed much more resveratrol than people could get from red wine, one of the foods that contains it.

    Now, scientists inFrancesay resveratrol also improves muscle performance — again, at least in mice. They were able to run two times as far in laboratory treadmill tests⁴ as mice normally could. The study at theInstituteofGeneticsand Molecular and Cellular Biology⁵ appeared in the journal Cell.

词汇：

breast  /brest/ n. 胸；乳房 

breastfeed /ˈbrestfi:d/ n. 哺乳，喂奶
hormone /"hɔ:məʊn/ n. 激素，荷尔蒙 

therapy / "θerəpɪ/ n. 疗法，治疗
receptor /rɪˈseptə(r) / n. 接收器，感受器；受体 

estrogen / "i:strədʒən/ n. 雌激素
progesterone / prə"dʒestərəʊn/ n. 黄体酮，孕酮（孕激素类药)

serving  /ˈsə:viŋ/ n. 一份饭菜　

process /prə"ses/ n .处理；加工

resveratrol / rez"vɪərɪˌtrɔ:l/ n.白藜芦醇（抗肿瘤药)
compound / "kɒmpaʊnd, kɑmˈpaʊnd/ n.混合物；化合物；复合物 treadmill / ˈtredmɪl/ n .(古时罚囚犯踩踏的）踏车；（喻)单调的工作
genetics / dʒəˈnetɪks/ n. 遗传学

molecular /mə"lekjələ(r) / adj. 分子的
cellular /"seljələ(r) / adj.细胞的 

cell /sel/ n. 细胞

注释：

1.breast cancer：乳腺癌
2.replacement therapy：补充疗法，补偿疗法（应用机体天然产物或合成代用品补充机体的形成或缺陷）
3.hormone-receptor positive：激素受体阳性
4.treadmill test：单调乏味的实验
5. Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology：遗传学、分子生物学及细胞生物学研究所

Resveratrol is the fourth factor recently found that causes a breast cancer to develop

A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

IQ-gene

    In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences, one little fact gets overlooked¹ ： no one has identified any genes ( other than² those that cause retardation) that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of London"sInstituteofPsychiatrydecided to look for some. They figured that if you want to find a “ smart gene, ” you should look in smart kids. They therefore examined the DNA of students like those who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years early — and still score at Princeton-caliber levels³. The scientists found what they sought.⁴ “ We have，” says Plomin，“ the first specific gene ever associated with general intelligence. ”

    Plomin"s colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each, all 6 to 15 years old and living in six counties aroundCleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 103. All the children are white. Isolating the blood cells, the researchers then examined each child"s chromosome 6. Of the 37 landmarks on chromosome 6 that the researchers looked for, one jumped out⁵ ： a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in the high-IQ group as in the average group — 32 percent versus 16 percent. The study, in the May issue of the journal Psychological Science, concludes that it is this form of the IGF2R gene that contributes to intelligence.

    Some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study⁶. One is the possibility that Plomin"s group fell for⁷ ” chopsticks fallacy". Geneticists might think they"ve found a gene for chopsticks flexibility, but all they"ve really found is a gene more common in Asians than, say, Africans. Similarly, Plomin"s IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups that emphasize academic achievement⁸. “ What is the gene that they"ve found reflects ethnicity?" asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg ofJohnsHopkinsUniversity. “ That alone might explain the link to intelligence, since IQ tests are known for being culturally sensitive and affected by a child"s environment. ” And Neil Risch of Standford University points out that if you look for 37 genes on a chromosome，as the researchers did，and find that one is more common in smarter kids，that might reflect pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence⁹. Warns Feinberg： “I would take these findings with a whole box of salt¹⁰. ”

词汇：

psychiatry / saɪˈkaɪətri/ n. 精神病学 

caliber /"kælɪbə/ n. 能力，才干，水准
chopsticks /"tʃɒpstɪks/ n. 筷子 

ethnicity /eθˈnɪsəti/ n. 民族特性
figure /ˈfiɡə/ vt. 估计，想象 

geneticist /dʒəˈnetɪsɪst/ n. 遗传学家
fallacy /ˈfæləsi/ n. 谬误

causal / ˈkɔ:zl / adj.原因的，因果关系的

注释：

1.one little fact gets overlooked：有一个小事实被忽视了。这里get与过去分词一起相当于被动语态。
2.other than：除了……（以外）
3.score at Princeton-caliber levels：得分可列入像美国普林斯顿大学那样的重点大学的才子之列。
4.The scientists found what they sought.科学家们发现了他们所要寻找的东西。
5.jump out：显得突出
6.see major problems with the IQ-gene study：发现了智商基因研究的主要问题
4.fall for：受到……的蒙蔽
8.groups that emphasize academic achievement：强调学术成就的群体
9. ... that might reflect pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence. ……那也许纯属偶然，而不反映基因与智力间的因果关系。
10. I would take these findings with a whole box of salt.我对实验的发现抱很大的怀疑。斜体部分 源自固定短语take sth. with a grain of salt，意为“抱有怀疑”。

A gene for chopsticks flexibility is found to be____

A:unrelated to the ability to use chopsticks B:related to the ability to use chopsticks C:unrelated to the ability to use forks D:related to the ability to use forks

火灾盘内的逻辑控制器在LON通讯板上有一故障（）

A:清除探头故障 B:更换逻辑控制器 C:隔离接地故障的原因及修理 D:修理LON故障

火灾盘内的逻辑控制器GATE WAY检测到一个LON故障（）

A:清除探头故障 B:更换逻辑控制器 C:隔离接地故障的原因及修理 D:修理LON故障

计算下列航程运价
AC BA EI SN
NYC—YMQ—LON—DUB—BRU
338 3252 288 487
横线上方为航段承运人；横线下方为TPM。旅客全程乘坐C舱。运价资料如下：
C  OW MPM C  OW
NYC—LON 1572.00 4349 YMQ—LON 1574.00
NYC—DUB 1470.00 YMQ—DUB 1487.00
NYC—BRU 1369.00 YMQ—BRU 1242.00

A:NYC—LON B:YMQ—LON C:NYC—DUB D:YMQ—BRU

计算下列航程运价
AC BA EI SN
NYC—YMQ—LON—DUB—BRU
338 3252 288 487
横线上方为航段承运人；横线下方为TPM。旅客全程乘坐C舱。运价资料如下：
C  OW MPM C  OW
NYC—LON 1572.00 4349 YMQ—LON 1574.00
NYC—DUB 1470.00 YMQ—DUB 1487.00
NYC—BRU 1369.00 YMQ—BRU 1242.00

A:NYC—LON B:YMQ—LON C:NYC—DUB D:YMO—DUB