What Is a Dream?

    For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however， think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person’s mind and emotions.

    Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.

    The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud¹，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person’s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.

    The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung² was once a student of Freud’s. Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.

     Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz，believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person’s daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.

    Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.

    He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men’s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women’s dreams.³ Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.

    Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn’t panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It’s important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.

词汇：

psychologist /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/ n.心理学家 

psychiatrist /saɪˈkaɪətrɪst/ n.精神病学家(医生)
Austrian /"ɒstrɪən/ adj.奥地利的 

gender /"dʒendə(r)/ n.性别

注释：

1．Sigmund Freud西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（1856—1939)，犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。精神分析学派的创始人。他认为被压抑的欲望绝大部分是属于性的，性的扰乱是精神病的根本原因。著有《性学三论》《梦的释义》《图腾与禁忌》《日常生活的心理病理学》《精神分析引论》《精神分析引论新编》等。
2．Carl Jung：卡尔·荣格，瑞士著名精神分析专家，分析心理学的创始人。
3．For example, the people in men’s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women’s dreams.例如，在男性梦境中出现的通常是其他男性而且常与打斗有关，而女性的梦境则不是这样。

Men and women dream about different things

A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

A man once had a dream about the Black Forest in Germany. In his dream he was walking in the forest when two men ran out and tried to throw him to the ground. He ran off as fast as he could, but they followed him. He reached a place where he saw two roads in front of him, one to the right and the other to the left. Which road should he take He heard the two men behind him, getting nearer, and at the same time he heard a voice in his ear. It told him to go to the right, and he did so. He ran on and soon came to a small hotel. He was received there kindly and given a room, and he was saved from the two men. That was the dream.
Twenty years later he was really in the Black Forest and, as happened in the dream long ago, two men ran out and tried to throw him down. He ran off, and came to a place with two roads, like in the dream. He remembered the dream and took the road to the right. He soon reached a small hotel, was taken in, and so was safe. His dream of twenty years before had saved his life.
The story tells us that ______.

A:a dream may come true some time later B:a dream is always a dream C:people should not believe their dreams D:people should always believe their dreams

在Dream weaver中，下面关于清除Word HTML格式的说法错误的是( )

A:Microsoft公司的字处理软件Word也可以制作网页文件 B:Word制作的网页文件包含某些标准的HTML不支持的格式 C:我们可以通过Dream weaver的Commands菜单，选择Clean Up Word HTML命令对Word制作的网页文件进行优化 D:Dream weaver不会自动侦测当前打开的文件是使用哪个版本的Word生成的

以下程序运行后的输出结果是 #include #include main（　） { char str[][20]={'One * World", "One * Dream!"}, *p=str[1]; printf("%d,", strlen(p)); printf("%s/n", p); }

A:9，One * World B:9，One * Dream C:10，One * Dream! D:10，One * World

有以下程序： #include ＜stdio.h＞ #include ＜string.h＞ main（　） { char str[][20]={"One*World", "One*Dream]"}, *p=str[1]; printf("%d, ", strlen(p)); printf("%s/n", p); } 程序运行后的输出结果是______。

A:10, One*Dream! B:9, One*Dream! C:9, One*World D:10, One*World

有以下程序 #include #include main（　） {char str[][20]=(“one*world”, “one*dream!”),*p=str[1]; Printf(“%d”,strlen(p));printf(“%s/n”,p); } 程序运行后的输出结果是

A:9,One*World B:9,One,Dream! C:10 ,One,Dream! D:10, One*World

A man once had a dream about the Black Forest in Germany. In his dream he was walking in the forest when two men ran out and tried to throw him to the ground. He ran off as fast as he could, but they followed him. He reached a place where he saw two roads in front of him, one to the right and the other to the left. Which road should he take He heard the two men behind him, getting nearer, and at the same time he heard a voice in his ear. It told him to go to the right, and he did so. He ran on and soon came to a small hotel. He was received there kindly and given a room, and he was saved from the two men. That was the dream.
Twenty years later he was really in the Black Forest and, as happened in the dream long ago, two men ran out and tried to throw him down. He ran off, and came to a place with two roads, like in the dream. He remembered the dream and took the road to the right. He soon reached a small hotel, was taken in, and so was safe. His dream of twenty years before had saved his life.
The story tells us that ______.

A:a dream may come true some time later B:a dream is always a dream C:people should not believe their dreams D:people should always believe their dreams

A man once had a dream about the Black Forest in Germany. In his dream he was walking in the forest when two men ran out and tried to throw him to the ground. He ran off as fast as he could, but they followed him. He reached a place where he saw two roads in front of him, one to the right and the other to the left. Which road should he take He heard the two men behind him, getting nearer, and at the same time he heard a voice in his ear. It told him to go to the right, and he did so. He ran on and soon came to a small hotel. He was received there kindly and given a room, and he was saved from the two men. That was the dream.
Twenty years later he was really in the Black Forest and, as happened in the dream long ago, two men ran out and tried to throw him down. He ran off, and came to a place with two roads, like in the dream. He remembered the dream and took the road to the right. He soon reached a small hotel, was taken in, and so was safe. His dream of twenty years before had saved his life.
The story tells us that ______.

A:a dream may come true some time later B:a dream is always a dream C:people should not believe their dreams D:people should always believe their dreams