Food and Cancer

    Medical expels have suspected for many years that there is a strong link between what a person eats and cancer. They say a new study provides the first evidence¹ that vitamins could reduce a person’s chance of developing cancer. A team of Chinese and American scientists did the study. They are from American National Cancer Institute² and the Cancer Institute of the ChineseAcademyof Medical Sciences³ inBeijing. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute published the results of the study. About thirty thousand people between the ages of 40 to 69 took part in the study. They were from the northern central Chinese area of Linxian. Most of them took vitamins and minerals every day for five years.

    Linxian was chosen because the people there have all extremely high rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus. Researchers believe that fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate. Researchers divided those into eight groups. Seven of the groups received different mixtures of vitamins and minerals daily. The amounts of the vitamins and minerals were 1 to 2 times greater than what American health officials say is needed. The eighth group received sugar pills⁴ that had no effect. Those who seemed to gain the most received a mixture of a form of vitamin A called β–carotene, vitamin E and the mineral selenium. The vitamin and mineral are believed to prevent damage to cells caused by cancer-causing substances. Researchers reported a 13 percent drop in cancer rates in those who took β–carotene, vitamin E and selenium⁵. They also found a 10 percent drop in the number of deaths caused by strokes from bursting blood vessels.

    Scientists warn that it is too soon to know if the effect would be the same among people in other countries. They note that the people in Linxian eat foods that lack necessary vitamins and minerals. Chinese officials will continue to record the health records of the people in Linxian for many years. For now officials reportedly are considering using the results of the study. They want to find a way to improve the health of people in Linxian and other small towns inChina.

词汇：

esophagus /ɪ"sɒfəɡəs/ n.食道 

mixture /ˈmɪkstʃə(r)/ n.混合物；合成品；混合药
fungus /"fʌŋɡəs/ n.菌类 

carotene /ˈkærəti:n/ n.胡萝卜素
mold /məʊld/n.霉；霉菌 

selenium /sɪˈli:niəm/ n.硒

注释：

1.the first evidence ：第一手证据
2.American National Cancer Institute：美国国家癌症研究所
3.the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences ：中国医学科学院癌症研究所
4.sugar pills ：糖丸
5. a mixture of a form of vitamin A called β–carotene, vitamin E and the mineral selenium: 一种叫做β–胡萝卜素的维生素A、维生素E和矿物质硒的混合物

Fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate in Linxian

A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an (1) should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, (2) , most people make several job choices during their working lives, (3) because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve (4) position. The "one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should (5) enter into a broad flexible training program that will (6) them for a field of work rather than for a single (7) .
Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans (8) benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing (9) about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss (10) .Some drift from job to job. Others (11) to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.
One common mistake is choosing an occupation for (12) real or imagined prestige. Too many high school students-or their parents for them-choose the professional field, (13) both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal (14) . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a "white collar" job is (15) good reason for choosing it as life’s work. (16) , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the (17) of young people should give serious (18) to these fields.
Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants (19) life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security, others are willing to take (20) for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.

3（）

A:entirely B:mainly C:partly D:generally

Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an (1) should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, (2) , most people make several job choices during their working lives, (3) because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve. (4) position. The "one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should (5) enter into a broad flexible training program that will (6) them for a field of work rather than for a single (7) .
Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans (8) benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing (9) about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss (10) . Some drift from job to job. Others (11) to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.
One common mistake is choosing an occupation for (12) real or imagined prestige. Too many high school students or their parents for them choose the professional field, (13) both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal (14) . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a "white-collar" job is (15) good reason for choosing it as life’s work. (16) , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the (17) of young people should give serious (18) to these fields.
Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants (19) life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take (20) for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.

（3）（）

A:entirely B:mainly C:partly D:largely

He declined the invitation partly because he was busy and（　）

A:for lack of money B:partly because his lack of money C:partly because he lacked money D:partly his lack of money

Passage Two
The National Weather Service at Ryan Airport brought out the following forecast (预报). Saturday night for Satonp Rouge and vicinity (附近地区)。
It will be partly cloudy through Monday with a chance of afternoon showers. High Sunday and Monday will be in the mid 80s ,with a low Sunday night in the upper 60s. Winds ,will be southeasterly 10 to 15 miles per hour diminishing at night.
Probability of rain will be 20 percent Sunday.
On the coast, winds will be southeasterly 10 to 15 knots. Seas will run 2-4 feet and will be 3 feet higher near a few thunder-showers. High tide will be at 1 p. m. ,low tide at 12:24 a. m..
Record high for May 22 was 93 posted in 1956 and record low was 51 recorded in 1954. Normally, temperatures should be from 86 to 65 degrees.
There will be afternoon thunder-showers Tuesday and over the west part of the state Thursday. Tuesday through Thursday, lows will be in the mid to upper 70s, with highs in the mid to upper 80s.High Saturday was 86, with a low 65.

This forecast predicts（）

A:records will be broken B:skies will be partly cloudy on Sunday and Monday C:there will be no rain in the forecasted period D:temperatures will be lower than normal for the time of year

The National Weather Service at Ryan Airport brought out the following forecast (预报). Saturday night for Satonp Rouge and vicinity(附近地区).
It will be partly cloudy through Monday with a chance of afternoon showers. High Sunday and Monday will be in the mid 80s,with a low Sunday night in the upper 60s. Winds will be southeasterly 10 to 15 miles per hour diminishing at night.
Probability of rain will be 20 percent Sunday.
On the coast, winds will be southeasterly 10 to 15 knots(节、海里/小时). Seas will run 2-4 feet and will be 3 feet higher near a few thunder-showers. High tide will be at 1 p.m. ,Iow tide at 12:24 a. m..
Record high for May 22 was 93 posted in 1956 and record low was 51 recorded in 1954. Normally, temperatures should be from 86 to 65 degrees.
There will be afternoon thunder-showers Tuesday and over the west part of the state Thursday. Tuesday through Thursday, lows will be in the mid to upper 70s,with highs in the mid to upper 80s.
High Saturday was 86, with a low 65.
This forecast predicts______.

A:records will be broken B:skies will be partly cloudy on Sunday and Monday C:there will be no rain in the forecasted period D:temperatures will be lower than normal for the time of year

The National Weather Service at Ryan Airport brought out the following forecast (预报). Saturday night for Satonp Rouge and vicinity(附近地区).
It will be partly cloudy through Monday with a chance of afternoon showers. High Sunday and Monday will be in the mid 80s,with a low Sunday night in the upper 60s. Winds will be southeasterly 10 to 15 miles per hour diminishing at night.
Probability of rain will be 20 percent Sunday.
On the coast, winds will be southeasterly 10 to 15 knots(节、海里/小时). Seas will run 2-4 feet and will be 3 feet higher near a few thunder-showers. High tide will be at 1 p.m. ,Iow tide at 12:24 a. m..
Record high for May 22 was 93 posted in 1956 and record low was 51 recorded in 1954. Normally, temperatures should be from 86 to 65 degrees.
There will be afternoon thunder-showers Tuesday and over the west part of the state Thursday. Tuesday through Thursday, lows will be in the mid to upper 70s,with highs in the mid to upper 80s.
High Saturday was 86, with a low 65.

This forecast predicts（　）

A:records will be broken B:skies will be partly cloudy on Sunday and Monday C:there will be no rain in the forecasted period D:temperatures will be lower than normal for the time of year

"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate club!" Just about every kid in the U.S. has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, it’s accompanied by an appeal: "Just think about those starving orphans (孤儿) in Africa!"
Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the U.S. take a few too many bites. Instead of saying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.
According to news reports, U.S. restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies (肚子). A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story.
Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They serve large portions to stand apart from competitors and to give the customers value. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.
Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. A restaurant industry trade magazine reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believed that restaurants serve portions are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed.
But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can’t afford fine dining still prefer large portions. 70 percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions. But only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.
It’s not that working class Americans don’t want to eat healthy. It’s just that after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next year’s Christmas presents.
According to news reports, U.S. restaurants ______.

A:are partly responsible for the overweight problem B:ignore the government regulations on food amount C:serve two to four times the amount the customers want D:are partly to blame for the waste of food in America