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Investment in the public sector, such as electricity, irrigation, public services and transport (excluding vehicles, ships and planes) increased by about 10%, although the emphasis moved to the transport and away from the other sectors mentioned. Trade and services recorded a 16%～17% investment growth, including a 30% increase in investment in business premises. Industrial investment is estimated to have risen by 8%. Although the share of agriculture in total gross in vestment in the economy continued to decline, investment grew 9% in absolute terms, largely spurred on by a 23% expansion of investment in agricultural equipment. Housing construction had 12% more invested in it in 1964, not so much owing to increased demand, as to fears of new taxes and limitation of building.
Total consumption in real terms rose by close on 11% during 1964, and per capital personal consumption by under 7% ,as in 1963. The undesirable trend towards a rapid rise in consumption, evident in previous years, remained unaltered. Since at current prices consumption rose by 16% and disposable income by 13% ,there was evidently a fall in the rate of saving in the private sector of the economy. Once again consumption patterns indicated a swift advance in the standard of living. Expenditure on food declined in significance, although consumption of fruit increased.
Spending on furniture and household equipment, health, education and recreation continued to increase. The greatest proof of altered living standards was the rapid expansion of expenditure on transport (including private cars) and personal services of all kinds, which occurred during 1964. The progressive wealth of large sectors of the public was demonstrated by the changing composition of durable goods purchased. Saturation point was rapidly being approached for items such as the first household radio, gas cookers, and electric, refrigerators, whereas increasing purchases of automobiles and television sets were registered.
A:people saved less B:people were wealthy C:people consumed less D:expenditures on luxuries increased
As summer rolls around, lawmakers in Washington are preparing to vote on a jobs bill that would include $1 billion for summer jobs for teens. Much of the urgency for the program stems from the private-sector plunge in summer jobs for teenagers over the past few years. It’s no secret that the recession walloped teens’ jobs as much as it did their parents. But some economists find the clamor for public jobs programs a little ironic, given last year’s midrecession minimum wage increase, which may have reduced teen employment even beyond the recessionary drop.
Before the minimum wage jumped to $ 7.25 an hour last summer, University of California-Irvine economist David Neumark estimated that it would lead to an additional 300 000 job losses for teens and young adults. The 2009 wage increase was set in motion in a better labor market in May 2007, when Congress voted to boost the minimum from $ 5.15 an hour to $ 7.25 an hour over the course of the next two years.
It’s hard to parse the jobs lost because of the recession and those lost because of the minimum wage increase--there’s no direct evaluation of the impact of the wage increase yet--but it’s likely that raising the wage floor contributed to the record-high teen unemployment rates, Neumark says. "Almost everyone accepts that minimum wages decrease employment or likely increase unemployment of the least-skilled," he says. Neumark advocated for delaying last year’s increase.
The unemployment rate for teenagers was 25.4 percent in April, compared with 9.9 percent overall, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Teens generally have higher unemployment rates. In November 2007, the month before the start of the recession, the unemployment rate for the overall population was 4. 7 percent, versus 16. 2 percent for workers aged 16 to 19. Teen employment has been declining for some time. The percentage of teens with jobs has fallen from about 57 percent in 1989 to about 40 percent in 2007 (both dates reflect healthy economies). The reasons are diverse. For one thing, increased school enrollment appears to account for about a third of that decline, according to the Economic Policy Institute. "For teens, there has been a remarkable long-term shift from summer employment to summer enrollment," reports EPI economist Heidi Shierholz.
One of the critical issues for job-seeking teens is the changing face of the competition, which is increasingly skilled. "Not only are they competing with each other for available positions, but they are competing with recent college graduates and job seekers who have two or more years of on-the-job experience and are willing to take almost any position that provides a steady paycheck," says John Challenger of outplacement firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas.
The word "walloped" (Line 3, Paragraph 1) most probably means "______".
A:decreased B:affected C:increased D:hit
Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical. In (1) world during the fifteenth century the term " reading" (2) meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be wary, however, of (3) that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a(n) (4) to others. Examination of factors related to the (5) development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in (6) .
The last century saw a steady gradual increase in (7) and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners (8) , and thus there was some (9) in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a (10) activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would (11) distraction to other readers.
Towards the end of the century there was still (12) argument over whether books should be used for information or treated (13) , and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way (14) weakening. Indeed this argument still remains with us in education. (15) its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was (16) by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a (17) readership on the other.
By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, (18) not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly (19) what the term "reading" (20) .
A:receded B:declined C:increased D:expanded
As summer rolls around, lawmakers in Washington are preparing to vote on a jobs bill that would include $1 billion for summer jobs for teens. Much of the urgency for the program stems from the private-sector plunge in summer jobs for teenagers over the past few years. It’s no secret that the recession walloped teens’ jobs as much as it did their parents. But some economists find the clamor for public jobs programs a little ironic, given last year’s midrecession minimum wage increase, which may have reduced teen employment even beyond the recessionary drop.
Before the minimum wage jumped to $ 7.25 an hour last summer, University of California-Irvine economist David Neumark estimated that it would lead to an additional 300 000 job losses for teens and young adults. The 2009 wage increase was set in motion in a better labor market in May 2007, when Congress voted to boost the minimum from $ 5.15 an hour to $ 7.25 an hour over the course of the next two years.
It’s hard to parse the jobs lost because of the recession and those lost because of the minimum wage increase--there’s no direct evaluation of the impact of the wage increase yet--but it’s likely that raising the wage floor contributed to the record-high teen unemployment rates, Neumark says. "Almost everyone accepts that minimum wages decrease employment or likely increase unemployment of the least-skilled," he says. Neumark advocated for delaying last year’s increase.
The unemployment rate for teenagers was 25.4 percent in April, compared with 9.9 percent overall, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Teens generally have higher unemployment rates. In November 2007, the month before the start of the recession, the unemployment rate for the overall population was 4. 7 percent, versus 16. 2 percent for workers aged 16 to 19. Teen employment has been declining for some time. The percentage of teens with jobs has fallen from about 57 percent in 1989 to about 40 percent in 2007 (both dates reflect healthy economies). The reasons are diverse. For one thing, increased school enrollment appears to account for about a third of that decline, according to the Economic Policy Institute. "For teens, there has been a remarkable long-term shift from summer employment to summer enrollment," reports EPI economist Heidi Shierholz.
One of the critical issues for job-seeking teens is the changing face of the competition, which is increasingly skilled. "Not only are they competing with each other for available positions, but they are competing with recent college graduates and job seekers who have two or more years of on-the-job experience and are willing to take almost any position that provides a steady paycheck," says John Challenger of outplacement firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas.
A:decreased B:affected C:increased D:hit
We drink more milk, eat more cream, cheese, butter than ever before. To meet and profit by this (61) demand for milk, dairy farmers have increased the (62) of their herds, they have (63) their grasslands more skillfully and have improved the quality of their stock. The average (64) of a cow in 1938 was 560 gallons at each lactation (哺乳期). Today it is well (65) 800 gallons.
The (66) of food given to a milking cow is (67) according to its weight and its yield. Sufficient energy, protein, minerals and vitamins must be fed to (68) the cow in good health and to replace (69) it loses in milk. A (70) supply of drinking water is essential. A cow will drink at (71) ten gallons a day and a (72) milker in hot weather may need as (73) as twenty-five gallons.
Cows are usually milked twice a day, early in the morning (74) in the late afternoon. Machine (75) is almost adopted everywhere now but the cowman still has most important tasks. He will (76) the animals quietly, be keen for any sign of disease, know each animal (77) an individual and record its yield (78) each milking.
Milk gives the farmer a greater income (79) any other product but it demands his time and the investment of a great deal of (80) .
A:increased B:created C:raised D:advanced
We drink more milk, eat more cream, cheese, butter than ever before. To meet and profit by this (61) demand for milk, dairy farmers have increased the (62) of their herds, they have (63) their grasslands more skillfully and have improved the quality of their stock. The average (64) of a cow in 1938 was 560 gallons at each lactation (哺乳期). Today it is well (65) 800 gallons.
The (66) of food given to a milking cow is (67) according to its weight and its yield. Sufficient energy, protein, minerals and vitamins must be fed to (68) the cow in good health and to replace (69) it loses in milk. A (70) supply of drinking water is essential. A cow will drink at (71) ten gallons a day and a (72) milker in hot weather may need as (73) as twenty-five gallons.
Cows are usually milked twice a day, early in the morning (74) in the late afternoon. Machine (75) is almost adopted everywhere now but the cowman still has most important tasks. He will (76) the animals quietly, be keen for any sign of disease, know each animal (77) an individual and record its yield (78) each milking.
Milk gives the farmer a greater income (79) any other product but it demands his time and the investment of a great deal of (80) .
A:increased B:created C:raised D:advanced
When the demand for facial tissues increased, the supply ______.
A:was not stopped B:became more competitive C:remained unchanged D:was increased to keep up with the demand
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