Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this (1) , every group has a culture, however un-developed or uncivilized it may seem to us.
To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture
(2) another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic (3) among the different languages.
People once (4) the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped
(5) of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. (6) it is possible that language (7) began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages (8) no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of (9) groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely
(10) , delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They (11) behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, (12) only in their vocabularies, which reflect their speakers’ social (13)
Even in this department, (14) , two things are to be noted: (1) All languages seem to (15) the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence (16) by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. (2) The objects and activities requiring names and (17) in "backward" languages, while different from ours, are often (18) numerous and complicated. A Western languages distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness ( "this" and "that" ); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker or to the person (19) and what is removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.
This study of language, in turn, (20) a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank.

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.20（）

A:envisaged B:viewed C:assessed D:integrated

Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this (1) , every group has a culture, however un-developed or uncivilized it may seem to us.
To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture
(2) another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic (3) among the different languages.
People once (4) the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped
(5) of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. (6) it is possible that language (7) began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages (8) no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of (9) groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely
(10) , delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They (11) behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, (12) only in their vocabularies, which reflect their speakers’ social (13)
Even in this department, (14) , two things are to be noted: (1) All languages seem to (15) the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence (16) by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. (2) The objects and activities requiring names and (17) in "backward" languages, while different from ours, are often (18) numerous and complicated. A Western languages distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness ( "this" and "that" ); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker or to the person (19) and what is removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.
This study of language, in turn, (20) a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank.

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1.10（）

A:envisaged B:viewed C:assessed D:integrated

A:envisaged B:viewed C:assessed D:integrated

Culture is activity of thought, and receptiveness to beauty and human feeling. (1) of information have nothing to do with it. A merely well-informed man is the most useless (2) on God’s earth. What we should (3) at producing is men who (4) both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction. Their expert knowledge will give them the ground to start (5) , and their culture will lead them as (6) as philosophy and as high as (7) We have to remember that the valuable (8) development is self-development, and that it (9) takes place between the ages of sixteen and thirty. As to training, the most important part is given by mothers before the age of twelve.
In training a child to activity of thought, above all things we must (10) of what I will call "inert ideas"—— that is to say, ideas that are merely (11) into the mind without being (12) , or tested, or thrown into fresh combinations.
In the history of education, the most (13) phenomenon is that schools of learning, which at one epoch are alive with a craze for genius, in a (14) generation exhibit merely pedantry and routine. The reason is that they are overlade with inert ideas. Except at (15) intervals of intellectual motivation, education in the past has been radically (16) with inert ideas. That is the reason why (17) clever women, who have seen much of the world, are in middle life so much the most cultured part of the community. They have been saved from this horrible (18) of inert ideas. Every intellectual revolution which has ever stirred humanity (19) greatness has been a (20) protest against inert ideas.

12（）

A:utilized B:assessed C:gauged D:geared

People are criticizing the economic policies that have ______ the decline of manufacturing industry.

A:assessed B:accepted C:accessed D:accelerated

The project for developing local industries was evaluated for its usefulness, feasibility and easiness of execution.

A:assessed B:compared C:measured D:weighed

The project for developing local industries was (evaluated) for its usefulness, feasibility and easiness of execution.

A:assessed B:compared C:measured D:weighed

Her mood can be gauged, by her reaction to the most trivial of incidents.（　）

A:displayed B:shown C:proved D:assessed

Jim {{U}}reckoned{{/U}} that we were only a few miles from our destination when our car broke down.

A:estimated B:figured C:realized D:assessed

Her mood can be {{U}}gauged{{/U}}, by her reaction to the most trivial of incidents.

A:displayed B:shown C:proved D:assessed