Text 3
When the Federal Communications Commission proposed giving low-power radio stations licenses on the FM dial, they knew they’d get flak from big broadcasting. The National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), after all, ’spends millions of dollars every year lobbying to keep everybody else off the radio spectrum—even locally managed, noncommercial stations that broadcast only within a four-mile radius. Sure enough, when the FCC proposed its new regulations, the NAB began screaming about all the terrible things those tiny radio transmitters could do to the big ones, whose signals are 500 times as strong and whose reach is nearly 20 times as far.
It was a pretty thin argument. So thin, in fact, that for a while if appeared the proposed regulations might survive the lobbying onslaught. And then the FCC and its allies ran into a most unlikely opponent, one with the moral authority to do real damage to their cause: National Public Radio. One might easily assume that NPR would look out for the public interest. After all, NPR was born from the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, which called for it to "encourage the development of programming that involves creative risks and that addresses the needs of unserved and underserved audiences" while creating "programs of high quality, diversity, creativity, excellence, and innovation which are obtained from diverse sources." The charter, in other words, describes exactly the kind of programming low-power radio might provide, particularly in rural or heavily immigrant communities where locally oriented programming could be more useful than nationally syndicated shows. But the well-meaning lefties at NPR didn’t see low-power radio as a potential ally or kindred spirit. They saw it just as the big broadcasters did--as a threat--and tried to squash it in much the same way.
They may have succeeded. NPR’ s lobbying supported a last-minute rider in December’s Senate appropriations bill (which eventually became law). This amendment severely handicaps the low-power radio initiative. Specifically, it limits the licensing of low-power radio to just nine test markets, enforcing restrictions that effectively keep it out of urban are as and other major markets. It also mandates testing to determine the economic impact on established broadcasters. And, though John McCain has vowed to continue the fight for low power, for now at least NPR has won the day.
The primary motivation behind opening the airwaves to low-power radio was to undo the damage wrought by the Telecommunications Act of 1996. That law was supposed to increase competition on the .airwaves. Instead, it consolidated control of radio stations in the hands of a few large, national companies that syndicate programs (or even whole broadcasts) to their affiliates, thus squeezing out local programming. By allowing small, noncommercial stations, to break into the spectrum, the FCC hoped to reintroduce local material in places where it has all but vanished. In its application process, the FCC privileged local content and community involvement--for example, assigning spectrum space to stations in primarily Latino areas that broadcast family-planning information in Spanish. Part of the application asked aspiring broadcasters how their stations would serve their neighborhoods.

From the text we can infer that the NAB represents（）

A:backers of commercial radio B:National Public Radio C:large radio stations in the U.S. D:companies which produce large radio transmitters

Eiffel Is an Eyeful
Some 300 meters up, near the Eiffel Tower’s wind-whipped summit the world comes to scribble. Japanese, Brazilians, Americans they graffiti their names, loves and politics on the cold iron -- transforming the most French of monuments into symbol of a world on the move.
With Paris laid out in miniature below, it seems strange that visitors would rather waste time marking their presence than admire the view. But the graffiti also raises a question: Why, nearly 114 years after it was completed, and decades after it ceased to be the world’s tallest structure, is la Tour Eiffel still so popular
The reasons are as complex as the iron work that graces a structure some 90 stories high. But part of the answer is, no doubt, its agelessness. Regularly maintained, it should never rust away. Graffiti is regularly painted over, but the tower lives on.
"Eiffel represents Paris and Paris is France. It Is very symbolic," says Hugues Richard, a 31-year-old Frenchman who holds the record for cycling up to the tower’s second floor -- 747 steps in 19 minutes and 4 seconds, without touching the floor with his feet. "It’s iron lady, it inspires us," he says.
But to what After all, the tower doesn’t have a purpose. It ceased to be the world’s tallest in 1930 when the Chrysler Building went up in New York. Yes, television and radio signals are beamed from the top, and Gustave Eiffel, a frenetic builder who died on December 27, aged 91, used its height for conducting research into weather, aerodynamics and radio communication.
But in essence the tower inspires simply by being there -- a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will. To the technically minded, it’s an engineering triumph. For lovers, it’s romantic.
"The tower will outlast all of us, and by a long way," says Isabelle Esnous, whose company manages Eiffel Tower.
What did the builder use the Eiffel Tower for

A:Sending radio and television signals all over the world. B:Conducting research in various fields. C:Giving people inspiration. D:Demonstrating French culture.

Some 2,300 meters up, near the Eiffel Tower’s wind-whipped summit the world comes to scribble. Japanese, Brazilians, Americans--they graffiti their names, loves and politics on the cold iron--transforming the most French of monuments into symbol of a world on the move.
With Paris laid out in miniature below, it seems strange that visitors would rather waste time marking their presence than admire the view. But the graffiti also raises a question: Why, nearly 114 years after it was completed, and decades after it ceased to be the world’s tallest structure, is la Tour Eiffel still so popular
The reasons are as complex as the iron work that graces a structure some 90 stories high. But part of the answer is, no doubt, its agelessness. Regularly maintained, it should never rust away. Graffiti is regularly painted over, but the tower lives on.
"Eiffel represents Paris and Paris is France. It is very symbolic, " says Hugues Richard, a 31-year-old Frenchman who holds the record for cycling up to the tower’s second floor--747 steps in 19 minutes and 4 seconds, without touching the floor with his feet. "It’s iron lady, it inspires us," he says.
But to what After all, the tower doesn’t have a purpose. It ceased to be the world’s tallest in 1930 when the Chrysler Building went up in New York. Yes, television and radio signals are beamed from the top, and Gustave Eiffel, a frenetic builder who died on December 27, aged 91, used its height for conducting research into weather, aerodynamics and radio communication.
But in essence the tower inspires simply by being there--a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will. To the technically minded, it’s an engineering triumph. For lovers, it’s romantic.
"The tower will outlast all of us, and by a long way," says Isabelle Esnous, whose company manages Eiffel Tower.
What did the builder use the Eiffel Tower for

A:Sending radio and television signals all over the world. B:Conducting research in various fields. C:Giving people inspiration. D:Demonstrating French cultur

{{B}}第二篇{{/B}}

What did the builder use the Eiffel Tower for?

A:Sending radio and television signals all over the world. B:Conducting research in various fields. C:Giving people inspiration. D:Demonstrating French culture.

Microwave communication uses  （） -frequency radio waves that travel in straightline sthrough the air. Because the waves cannot  （）  with the curvature of the earth, they can be  （）  only over short distance. Thus, microwave is a good  （）  for sending data between buildings in a city or on a large college campus. For longer distances, the waves must be relayed by means of "dishes" or  （） . These can be installed on towers, highbuildings, and mountain tops.

Microwave communication uses （） -frequency radio waves that travel in straightline sthrough the air.

A:high B:low C:long D:short

Passage 1 Robert is nine years old and Joanna is seven. They live at Mount Ebenezer. Their father has a big property. In Australia they call a farm a property. Robert and Joanna like school very much. At school they can talk to their friends but Robert and Joanna cannot see their friends. They live 100, perhaps 300 miles away and like Robert and Joanna, they all go to school by radio. Mount Ebenezer is in the center of Australia. Not many people live in “the Center”. There are no schools with desks and blackboards and no teachers in “the Center”. School is a room at home with a twoway radio. The teacher also has a twoway radio. Every morning she calls students on the radio. When all students answer, lessons begin... Think of your teacher 300 miles away！ A“property” in Australia is a .

A:.house B:school C:farm D:radio

Passage 1 Robert is nine years old and Joanna is seven. They live at Mount Ebenezer. Their father has a big property. In Australia they call a farm a property. Robert and Joanna like school very much. At school they can talk to their friends but Robert and Joanna cannot see their friends. They live 100, perhaps 300 miles away and like Robert and Joanna, they all go to school by radio. Mount Ebenezer is in the center of Australia. Not many people live in “the Center”. There are no schools with desks and blackboards and no teachers in “the Center”. School is a room at home with a twoway radio. The teacher also has a twoway radio. Every morning she calls students on the radio. When all students answer, lessons begin... Think of your teacher 300 miles away！ A“property” in Australia is a .

A:.house B:school C:farm D:radio

Passage 1 Robert is nine years old and Joanna is seven. They live at Mount Ebenezer. Their father has a big property. In Australia they call a farm a property. Robert and Joanna like school very much. At school they can talk to their friends but Robert and Joanna cannot see their friends. They live 100, perhaps 300 miles away and like Robert and Joanna, they all go to school by radio. Mount Ebenezer is in the center of Australia. Not many people live in “the Center”. There are no schools with desks and blackboards and no teachers in “the Center”. School is a room at home with a twoway radio. The teacher also has a twoway radio. Every morning she calls students on the radio. When all students answer, lessons begin... Think of your teacher 300 miles away！ A“property” in Australia is a .

A:.house B:school C:farm D:radio