单选题
单选题
Telling Tales about People
One of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people"s lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.
An autobiography is the story of a person"s life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person"s earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.
Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2 Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.
Biographies are factual accounts of someone else"s life. In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write.
词汇：
backdrop [ˈbækdrɒp] n. 背景
interchangeable [ˌɪntəˈtʃeɪndʒəbl] adj. 可转换的
注释：
1. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 就像本杰明 富兰克林和海伦 凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。
2. Memoirs，strictly speaking，are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件的自传性的描述。
The writer introduces each category in the passage by________.
A:defining it B:giving an example C:explaining why it is hard to write D:telling when people first began writing it
Robert Moody, 52, is an experienced police officer. Much of his work involves dealing with (16) and gang (团伙)problems in the schools of his community. Knowing that many kids often (17) trouble, he decided to do something about it. So in 1991 he began to invite small groups of kids to go fishing with him on his day (18) .
Those fun trips had a(n) (19) impact. A chance encounter in 2000 proved that. One day, (20) working security at a school basketball game, Moody noticed two young guys (21) . He sensed trouble between them. (22) one of them headed toward Moody and gave him a hug. "I (23) you. You took me (24) when I was in fifth grade. That was one of the (25) days of my life. "
Deeply touched by the boy’ s word, Moody decided to create a foundation (基金会)that (26) teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. "As a policeman, I saw (27) there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging (28) on the kids," says Moody.
By turning kids on to fishing, he (29) to present an alternative way of life, "When you’ re sitting there waiting for a (30) ," he says, "you can’t help but talk to each other, and such (31) can be pretty deep. "
"Talking about drugs helped prepare me for the peer(同龄人)pressures in high school," says Michelle, 17, who (32) the first program. "And I was able to help my little brother (33) drugs. "
Moody faces (34) in three years, when he hopes to run the foundation full-time. "I’ m living a happy life and I have a responsibility to my (35) to give back," Moody says. "If I teach a kid to
fish today, he can teach his brother to fish tomorrow. /
A:connects B:introduces C:reduces D:commits
As one works with color in a practical or experimental way, one is impressed by two apparently unrelated facts. Color as seen is a mobile, changeable thing (1) to a large extent on the relationship of the color (2) other colors (3) simultaneously. It is not (4) in its relation to the direct stimulus which (5) it. On the other hand, the properties of surfaces that give (6) to color do not seem to change greatly under a wide variety of illumination color, usually (but not always) looking much the same in artificial light as in daylight. Both of these effects seem to be (7) in large part to the mechanism of color (8) .
When the eye is (9) to a colored area, there is an immediate readjustment of the (10) of the eye to color in and around the area (11) . This readjustment does not promptly affect the color seen but usually does affect the next area to which the (12) is shifted. The longer the time of viewing, the higher the (13) , and the larger the area, the greater the effect will be (14) its persistence in the (15) viewing situation. As indicated by the work of Wright and Schouten, it appears that, at (16) for a first approximation, full adaptation takes place over (17) time if the adapting source is moderately bright and the eye has been in (18) darkness just previously. Also, (19) of the persistence of the effect if the eye is shifted around from one object to another, all of which are at similar brightness or have similar colors, the adaptation will tend to become (20) over the whole eye.
A:creates B:summons C:triggers D:introduces
Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. (1) the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent (2) of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was (3) ,or by whom. But it began to be (4) in the early 1900s. Jazz is America’s contribution to (5) music. In contrast to classical music, which (6) formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy, (7) the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920, jazz (8) like America. And (9) it does today. The (10) of this music are as interesting as the music (11) . American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz (12) . They were brought to the Southern states (13) slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long (14) . When a Negro died his friends and relatives (15) a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanies the (16) . On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. (17) on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their (18) , but the living were glad to be alive. The band played (19) music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes (20) at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.
A:forms B:follows C:approached D:introduces
A:forms B:follows C:approaches D:introduces
Advertising is a form of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals who have tried to (1) others to buy the food they have produced or the goods they have made or the services they can (2) .
But in the 19th century the mass production of goods (3) the Industrial Revolution made person-to-person selling inefficient. The mass distribution of goods that (4) the development of the highway made person-to-person selling (5) slow and expensive. At the same time, mass communication, first newspapers and magazines, (6) radio and television, made mass selling through (7) possible.
The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best (8) to take the action the advertiser is recommending. The action (9) be to purchase a product, use a service, vote for a political candidate, or (10) to join the Army.
Advertising as a (11) developed first and most rapidly in the United States, the country that uses it to the greatest (12) . In 1980 advertising expenditure in the U.S. exceeded 55 billion dollars, or (13) 2 percent of the gross national product. Canada spent about 1.2 percent of its gross national product (14) advertising.
(15) advertising brings the economies of mass selling to the manufacturer, it (16) benefits for the consumer (17) . Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost of a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far (18) than one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising (19) people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally, advertising (20) for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost of publishing magazines and newspapers.
A:induces B:reduces C:produces D:introduces
In the first paragraph the author introduces his topic by relating
A:the idea of humanoid robots. B:Karl Capek's creation of robots. C:Hollywood's production of robot films. D:the origin and popular films about robots.
Robert Moody, 52, is an experienced police officer. Much of his work involves dealing with (16) and gang (团伙)problems in the schools of his community. Knowing that many kids often (17) trouble, he decided to do something about it. So in 1991 he began to invite small groups of kids to go fishing with him on his day (18) .
Those fun trips had a(n) (19) impact. A chance encounter in 2000 proved that. One day, (20) working security at a school basketball game, Moody noticed two young guys (21) . He sensed trouble between them. (22) one of them headed toward Moody and gave him a hug. "I (23) you. You took me (24) when I was in fifth grade. That was one of the (25) days of my life. "
Deeply touched by the boy’ s word, Moody decided to create a foundation (基金会)that (26) teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. "As a policeman, I saw (27) there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging (28) on the kids," says Moody.
By turning kids on to fishing, he (29) to present an alternative way of life, "When you’ re sitting there waiting for a (30) ," he says, "you can’t help but talk to each other, and such (31) can be pretty deep. "
"Talking about drugs helped prepare me for the peer(同龄人)pressures in high school," says Michelle, 17, who (32) the first program. "And I was able to help my little brother (33) drugs. "
Moody faces (34) in three years, when he hopes to run the foundation full-time. "I’ m living a happy life and I have a responsibility to my (35) to give back," Moody says. "If I teach a kid to
fish today, he can teach his brother to fish tomorrow. /
A:connects B:introduces C:reduces D:commits
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