单选题
单选题
Optimists Really Do Live Longer, Say Scientists
1. For the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer optimism was fundamentally wrong, banal and corrupting, while the father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Frend simply declared it to be neurotic.
2. Experience shows that looking on the bright side of life does have advantages and recent scientific evidence points to the positive mindset as being beneficial to health1. In other words optimists live longer.
3. That was the conclusion reached by experts at the Mayo Clinic in the U. S. State of Minnesota who evaluated answers given by people to a set of questions in the 1960s. Of the 729 candidates, 200 had died and according to scientists, there were a disproportionate number of pessimists among them.
4. Ten points more on the pessimism scale—that was the difference between “slightly pessimistic” and “averagely pessimistic” — were enough to boost a person’s chances of dying by 19 percent, according to the study by prominent psychologist Martin Seligman of the UniversityofPennsylvania.
5. The study does not say why pessimists die but an older survey taken among children in San Francisco and Los Angeles makes it clear that personal attitude towards the world is a key factor in the longevity equation2.
6. The latest evidence to support the theory that optimists tend to cope better with illness of all kinds has been provided by Professor Ralf Schwarzer ofBerlin"s Free University who questioned 600 heart and lung patients. His conclusion: Optimists recover more swiftly from operations than their pessimistic counterparts; tend to be happier after treatment and return to work more swiftly.
7. There have been suggestions that optimists do not stay healthier but rather turn into optimists later because they enjoy good health3. Numerous surveys have taken into account a person"s state of health at the outset4 and the effect remains the same.
8. Studies have shown that optimists do not blind themselves to reality either. They thus interpret it in a positive way. “Sublimating and denying things tend to alter reality but illusions are a way of seeing reality in the best light.5” said Californian psychology professor Shelley Taylor.
9. German science journal “Bild der Wissenschaft”, which carries a major article on the topic in its current March issue, commented on “the right attitude” to having a tumor.
10. It seems psychotherapy can go some way6 towards extending the life span and life quality of a sick person although a complete recovery using psychological technique alone is unlikely.
11. Doctors like, however, to point to the example of U. S. cycling professional Lance Armstrong, who was seriously ill with cancer, but whose unshakable optimism helped him to take the top trophy twice at cycling"s premier Tour de France.
12. The magazine also quoted a study by Sheldon Cohens of the Carnegie-Mellon-University inPittsburgh:420 volunteers were deliberately infected with strains of various common cold viruses. A day later checks were carried out to see who had caught a cold.
13. The results showed that in the case of people who had satisfactory, long-term relations with friends neighbors or colleagues, the virus was less likely to trigger a cold. Of people with three or fewer firm relationships 62 percent became ill compared with only 35 percent of those who had six or more close human links.
词汇：
banal/ bəˈnɑ:l/adj. 平庸的，陈腐的
mindset/ ˈmaɪndset/ n. 思想倾向
disproportionate/ dɪsprəˈpɔrʃənɪt/adj. 不成比例的
sublimate/ "sʌblɪmeɪt/ vt. 升华，理想化
neurotic/ njʊəˈrɒtɪk/ adj. 神经过敏的
boost/ bu:st/ v. 提高，增加
trigger/ ˈtrɪgə(r)/ vt. 激起，引起
prominent/ ˈprɒmɪnənt/ adj. 著名的，杰出的
注释：
1.Experience shows that looking on the bright side of life does have advantages and recent scientific evidence points to the positive mindset as being beneficial to health.经验表明，看到生活光明的一面确有好处，最近的科学证据也表明积极的思维方式有益健康。
2.a key factor in the longevity equation：长寿方程式上的一个关键因素。
3.There have been suggestions that optimists do not stay healthier but rather turn into optimists later because they enjoy good health.有意见认为，乐观者并不会变得更健康，而是由于拥有健康他们后来才变成了乐观者。
4.at the outset：当初，起先
5.“Sublimating and denying things tend to alter reality but illusions are a way of seeing reality in the best light.…：美化事物和否定事物都有助于改变现实，而幻觉却是看到现实最光明一面的方法……
6.go some way：有一定帮助。这个词组是仿照“go a long way”的用法，其意为“大有帮助，大有作用”。
A. to avoid unpleasant things in lifeB. in looking on the bright side of life
C. less likely to catch cold
D. how one looks on life
E. to be unhappy all the time
F. more likely to get cancerSome scholars did not believe ______________.
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
Americans Get Touchy 1
The New York Times recently reported that American teens are hugging practically everyone they see. Say goodbye to the greetings of the past, from the hands-off "What"s up!" to the handshake or high-five 2. For young people across the country, hugging is the new "Hello".
Girls are hugging girls. Boys are hugging boys. Girls and boys are hugging each other. And, like every major trend, there are lots of variations on the form. There"s the classic, full-body, arms-around-the-person bear hug, the casual one-armed side hug, the group hug and the hug from behind. There"s the handshake that turns into a hug and the hug that turns into a pat on the back.
As trends go, this one seems pretty innocent. But some parents, teachers and school administrators are worried nonetheless. Will young people who aren"t as comfortable with physical contact feel peer pressured into hugging? Willkids who don"t receive hugs feel left Out 3? Could an extra-long hug slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment?
In response to some of these concerns, some schools have set up new rules to limit or eliminate hugging. One school head has created a three-second limitation 4 for hugs at her school. A few schools have taken even more drastic measures, placing a ban on all forms of touching between students.
A few important points are being left out of the discussion. While the US has traditionally been reserved about touching - saving hugs and kisses for relatives, romantic partners and very close friends - people in many other parts of the world have been greeting each other this way for ages.
In Latin America or Western Europe, in countries like Spain,France, andItaly, a kiss on the cheek is common among women, as well as among women and men who are not romantically involved. The cheek-kiss varies by region.
Sometimes it is just an air kiss blown past the face. In other places, the proper way of greeting is to deliver a kiss upon both cheeks, or sometimes even a triplet of kisses performed by kissing one cheek, then the other, then back to the first.
Latin American men are more likely to shake hands when greeting other men,but in some countries likeTurkey, it"s not unusual for men who know each other well to exchange kisses on the cheek. Meanwhile, for the Maori people 5 ofNew Zealand, a traditional greeting called the "hongi" involves pressing nosestogether.
So, from a global perspective, the new trend of teen hugging inAmericais not so "new" after all. People all around the world move in close to say hello,and Americans are just now joining in.
词汇：
touchy ["tʌtʃɪ] 易怒的；敏感的
harassment ["hærəsmənt] 骚扰
triplet ["trɪplət] 三个一组；三件一套
注释：
1.touchy的本意为“易怒的”“敏感的”，这里用来指“喜欢肢体接触的”，标题意味美国人越来越喜欢肢体接触了。
2.high-five:是美国文化手势的一种，并没有正式的中文名称，一般代表了“庆祝成功的击掌”，有时也写成“Give me - five”。
3.feel left out:感到被排斥
4.three-second limitation:学校制定的将拥抱限制在三秒钟之内的规定
5.Maori people:毛利人（新西兰的土著）
Some parents,teachers and school administrators concern the new trend of hugging for thefollowing reasons EXCEPT____.
A:Some young people get involved into the trend due to peer pressure B:Those who don"t receive hugs feel left out C:There"s the danger that hugging slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment D:Diseases could be transmitted more easily through the extra-long body contact
—Would you like some more chicken, Linda
—（ ）.
A:I'd like to B:Just a little, please C:Yes, I'd like a drink D:I'd like some
We once had a poster competition in our fifth grade art class.
"You could win prizes," our teacher told us as she wrote the poster information on the blackboard. She passed out sheets of construction paper while continuing. "The first prize is ten dollars. You just have to make sure that the words on the blackboard appear somewhere on your poster. "
We studied the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. We had plans for that ten-dollar grand prize, each and every one of us. I’m going to spend mine on candies one hopeful would announce while another practiced looking serious wise and rich.
Everyone in the class made a poster. Some of us used parts of those fancy paper napkins, while others used nothing but colored construction paper. Some of us used big designs and some of us preferred to gather our art tidily down in one comer of our poster and let the space draw the viewer’s attention to it. Some of us would wander past the good students’ desks and then return to our own projects with a growing sense of hopelessness. It was yet another grown up trick of the sort they seemed especially fond of making all of us believe we had a fair chance and then always—always—rewarding the same old winners.
I believe I drew a sailboat, but I can’t say that with any certainty. I made it. I admired it. I determined it to be the very best of all of the posters I had seen and then I turned it in.
Minutes passed.
No one came along to give me the grand prize and then someone distracted me and I probably never would have thought about that poster again.
I was still sitting at my desk thinking, what poster When the teacher gave me an envelope with a ten-dollar bill in it and everyone in the class applauded for me.
A:formed an idea for B:made an outline for C:made some space for D:chose some colors for
We once had a poster competition in our fifth grade art class.
"You could win prizes," our teacher told us as she wrote the poster information on the blackboard. She passed out sheets of construction paper while continuing. "The first prize is ten dollars. You just have to make sure that the words on the blackboard appear somewhere on your poster. "
We studied the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. We had plans for that ten- dollar grand prize, each and every one of us. I’m going to spend mine on candies one hopeful would announce while another practiced looking serious wise and rich.
Everyone in the class made a poster. Some of us used parts of those fancy paper napkins, while others used nothing but colored construction paper. Some of us used big designs and some of us preferred to gather our art tidily down in one comer of our poster and let the space draw the viewer’s attention to it. Some of us would wander past the good students’ desks and then return to our own projects with a growing sense of hopelessness. It was yet another grown up trick of the sort they seemed especially fond of making all of us believe we had a fair chance and then always—always—rewarding the same old winners.
I believe I drew a sailboat, but I can’t say that with any certainty. I made it. I admired it. I determined it to be the very best of all of the posters I had seen and then I turned it in.
Minutes passed.
No one came along to give me the grand prize and then someone distracted me and I probably never would have thought about that poster again.
I was still sitting at my desk thinking, what poster When the teacher gave me an envelope with a ten-dollar bill in it and everyone in the class applauded for me.
A:formed an idea for B:made an outline for C:made some space for D:chose some colors for
"Have you got some red eggs" "No, but I've got ______ ."
A:any white ones B:some white ones C:some white one D:any white one
"Would you like some more chicken" ( )
"Yes, please, I like chicken very much."
"Well, I'm glad you like it. How about some more ricer"
" ______."
A:How nice. I'd like some more bread B:Thanks for your help C:No. I'm already too full D:Many thanks, but I can't have any more
A:formed an idea for B:made an outline for C:made some space for D:chose some colors for
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