某装配整体式单跨简支叠合梁，结构完全对称，计算跨度ι＝5.8m，净跨径ι＝5.8m，采用钢筋混凝土叠合梁和预制板方案，叠合梁截面如图4-2所示，梁宽b＝250mm，预制梁高h＝450mm，b＝500mm，h＝120mm，混凝土采用C30;叠合梁高h＝650mm，叠合层混凝土采用C35。受拉纵向钢筋采用HRB400级,箍筋采用HPB300级钢筋。施工阶段不加支撑。第一阶段预制梁,板及叠合层自重标准值q＝12kN／m，施工阶段活荷载标准值q＝10kN／m;第二阶段，因楼板的面层,吊顶等传给该梁的恒载标准值q＝8kN／m，使用阶段活载标准值q＝12kN／m。取a＝40mm。设计使用年限为50年，结构安全等级为二级。

施工阶段梁的最大内力设计值M(kN·m),V(kN)，与下列何项数值最为接近？

A:M＝119.5;V＝98.6 B:M＝119.5;V＝82.4 C:M＝109.4;V＝98.6 D:M＝109.4;V＝82,4

某双跨车间采用钢筋混凝土组合屋架，槽瓦檩条体系屋盖，带壁柱砖墙和独立砖柱(中柱)承重，如图6-7所示。已知在风荷载作用下的柱顶集中力设计值：F＝2.38kN，迎风面均布荷载设计值w＝2.45kN／m，背风面均布荷载设计值w＝1.52kN／m。结构安全等级为二级。

试问，A柱柱底的弯矩设计值M(kN·m),剪力设计值V(kN)，与下列何项数值最为接近？

A:M＝26.77;V＝11.81 B:M＝28.14;V＝15.75 C:M＝16.66;V＝11.81 D:M＝18.66;V＝15.75

某一悬臂水池，壁高H＝1.5m，采用MU10烧结普通砖和M7.5水泥砂浆砌筑，如图6-9所示。水的荷载分项系数取1.2。砌体施工质量控制等级为B级，结构安全等级为二级。

试确定池壁底部的受弯承载力验算公式(M≤fW)，其左右端项，与下列何组数值最为接近？

A:6.75kN·m／m＜7.20kN·m／m B:5.63kN·m／m＜9.00kN·m／m C:6.75kN·m／m＜9.00kN·m／m D:5.63kN·m／m＜9.7kN·m／m

某砌体房屋采用墙下钢筋混凝土条形基础，基础尺寸如图6-12所示，墙体作用于基础顶面处的轴心的标准值为：永久作用F＝300kN／m，可变作用F＝136kN／m，其组合值系数为0.7，基底以上基础与土的平均重度为20kN／m。

试问，设计基础底板时采用的基础单位长度的最大剪力设计值V(kN),最大弯矩设计值M(kN·m)，与下列何项数值最为接近？

A:V＝224.3;M＝91.4 B:V＝219.3;M＝89.4 C:V＝224.3;M＝89.4 D:V＝219.3;M＝91.4

Copernicus was born in Torun, Poland, on February 19,1473. Little is known about his early life except that his father died when he was 10. An uncle adopted him, his two sisters, and his brother. The uncle saw to it that the two boys received a good education. Copernicus went to the University of Cracow. There he studied such subjects as Latin, mathematics, and astronomy. It was probably at that time that he changed his Polish name, Niklas Koppernigk, to the Latin form of Nicolaus Copernicus. In 1496 Copernicus went to Italy, where he spent the next 10 years studying at various universities.
In Copernicus’ time people still believed that al] things—the sun, the stars, and the planets moved around the earth. It was an old belief that few men had ever questioned. Aristotle had based his theory of astronomy on this belief. Because the Church had long been the center of learning, the theory was also linked to religious beliefs.
In 1506 Copernicus returned to his homeland. A few years later he began to work for the Church. All those years Copernicus carried on his work in astronomy. He had just the most basic equipment and ,like other scientists of his day, made observations with only his eyes. Still ,using mathematics and logic, Copernicus worked out a different theory, which held that the planets went around the sun.
Copernicus did not announce his ideas. He did not want to make trouble. But he could not hide the scientific truth. So he talked about his theory with his friends, who strongly advised him to have his work published. His great book, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies, appeared at the very end of his life. Copernicus saw the first copy on the day he died, May 24,1543.
From the passage we can see that astronomy is ______.

A:the life experience of great men B:the movement of the stars and the planets C:the scientific study of natural objects in space D:the theories developed by scientists of old times

Passage 5 Have you ever dreamed of traveling in space It was impossible a hundred years ago, nor was it 50 years ago. With the coming of the Space Age, man’ s dream of visiting the moon has come true. The journey to the moon has been the first step towards future explorations in space. The distance between the moon and the Earth is very short indeed when compared with the distances between Earth and the other planets. Mars, the nearest planet to Earth is of miles away ! Traveling to the planets or travels between planets will be man’ s next aim. Such travels will be more difficult than the trip to the moon and certainly more exciting. Recently, two American unmanned spacecraft, Vikings 1 and 2, landed on Mars in an attempt to discover whether that planet had any life on it. So far the presence of life on Mars has neither been proved nor ruled out. Russian space-probes have discovered that the surface of Venus is so hot that it is almost certain that there is no life there. Also the atmosphere of Venus is extremely, dense and the pressure is nearly a hundred times greater than the pressure of the Earth’s atmosphere. Scientists believe that in the future, space stations can be built in space. These stations can act as stop-over points in space. Spacecraft can refuel at these stations and get their supply of air, food and water. Spaceships of the future will be bigger and faster. They will be able to carry passengers for trips to the moon or planets. Man may in the future find planets which have the same conditions as those we have on Earth, and make them his home. However such a possibility is still in the distant future. At the same time, Man should realize that the Earth will be his only home for a long time and begin to value and care for it.

What may man find in the future（）

A:There will be no place the same as our Earth. B:There will be many places, better than our Earth. C:There will be some planets which may be suitable for our human being to live. D:There will be a planet for man to be used as home in the near future.

Passage 5 Have you ever dreamed of traveling in space It was impossible a hundred years ago, nor was it 50 years ago. With the coming of the Space Age, man’ s dream of visiting the moon has come true. The journey to the moon has been the first step towards future explorations in space. The distance between the moon and the Earth is very short indeed when compared with the distances between Earth and the other planets. Mars, the nearest planet to Earth is of miles away ! Traveling to the planets or travels between planets will be man’ s next aim. Such travels will be more difficult than the trip to the moon and certainly more exciting. Recently, two American unmanned spacecraft, Vikings 1 and 2, landed on Mars in an attempt to discover whether that planet had any life on it. So far the presence of life on Mars has neither been proved nor ruled out. Russian space-probes have discovered that the surface of Venus is so hot that it is almost certain that there is no life there. Also the atmosphere of Venus is extremely, dense and the pressure is nearly a hundred times greater than the pressure of the Earth’s atmosphere. Scientists believe that in the future, space stations can be built in space. These stations can act as stop-over points in space. Spacecraft can refuel at these stations and get their supply of air, food and water. Spaceships of the future will be bigger and faster. They will be able to carry passengers for trips to the moon or planets. Man may in the future find planets which have the same conditions as those we have on Earth, and make them his home. However such a possibility is still in the distant future. At the same time, Man should realize that the Earth will be his only home for a long time and begin to value and care for it.

Scientists think that in the future space stations can be built for the following purposes EXCEPT （）

A:carrying passengers to planets B:acting as stop- over points C:refueling spacecraft D:providing supply of air, food and water

Many scientists today are convinced that life exists elsewhere in the universe-life probably much like that on our own planet. They reason in the following way.
As far as astronomers can determine, the entire universe is built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist.
Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere. This eliminates all those planets in the universe that are not about the same size and weight as the earth. A smaller planet would lose its atmosphere; a larger one would hold too much of it.
Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare up suddenly. Only single stars that are steady sources of heat and light like our sun would qualify.
Finally, life could evolve only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun. With a weaker sun than our own, the planet would have to be closer to it. With a stronger sun, it would have to be farther away.
If we suppose that every star in the universe has a family of planets, then how many planets might support life First, eliminate those stars that are not like our sun. Next eliminate most of their planets; they are either too far from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet. It may not have begun yet, or it may have already died out.
This process of elimination seems to leave very few planets on which earthlike life might be found. However, even if life could exist on only one planet in a million, there are so many billions of planets that this would still leave a vast number on which life could exist.
What kind of planet might NOT support life

A:Most of the planets of the stars. B:Stars similar to our sun. C:Planets similar to the earth. D:Planets with proper conditions.

Many scientists today are convinced that life exists elsewhere in the universe-life probably much like that on our own planet. They reason in the following way.
As far as astronomers can determine, the entire universe is built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist.
Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere. This eliminates all those planets in the universe that are not about the same size and weight as the earth. A smaller planet would lose its atmosphere; a larger one would hold too much of it.
Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare up suddenly. Only single stars that are steady sources of heat and light like our sun would qualify.
Finally, life could evolve only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun. With a weaker sun than our own, the planet would have to be closer to it. With a stronger sun, it would have to be farther away.
If we suppose that every star in the universe has a family of planets, then how many planets might support life First, eliminate those stars that are not like our sun. Next eliminate most of their planets; they are either too far from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet. It may not have begun yet, or it may have already died out.
This process of elimination seems to leave very few planets on which earthlike life might be found. However, even if life could exist on only one planet in a million, there are so many billions of planets that this would still leave a vast number on which life could exist.
At the end of the passage the author suggests that ______.

A:it is impossible for life to exist on planets B:earthlike life could only exist on a few planets C:life could exist on only one planet in a million D:life could exist on a great number of planets