For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure of theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfil the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldn’t be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.
But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first man to study nature of electricity could not imagine that’ their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.

A:Astronomy B:Literature C:Chemistry D:Economics

He claims to be an expert in astronomy, but in actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject. ______ he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.

A:What little B:So much C:How much D:So little

Franklin （　） learning astronomy at an early age.

A:set about B:set out C:set off D:set up

Franklin ______ learning astronomy at an early age.

A:set about B:set out C:set off D:set up

Revolutionary developments in China's astronomy took place in the 1960's.

A:commenced B:occurred C:were disputed D:were exchanged

People are indulging in an illusion whenever they find themselves explaining at a cocktail (鸡尾酒) party, say, that the are "in computers", or " in telecommunications", or "in electronic funds transfer". The implication is that they are part of the high-tech world. Just between us, they usually aren’t. The researchers who made fundamental breakthroughs in those areas are in a high-tech business. The rest of us are (121) of their work. We use computers and other new technology components to develop our products or to organize our affairs. Because we go about this work in teams and projects and other tightly knit working group (紧密联系在一起的工作小组), we are mostly in the human communication business. Our successes stem from good human interactions by all participants in the effort, and our failures stem from poor human interactions.
The main reason we tend to focus on the (122) rather than the human side of work is not because it’s more (123) , but because it’s easier to do. Getting the new disk drive installed is positively trivial compared to figurine out why Horace is in a blue funk (恐惧) or why Susan is dissatisfied with the company aver only a few months. Human interactions are complicated and never very crisp (干脆的，干净利落的) and clean in their effects, but they matter more than any other aspect of the work.
If you find yourself concentrating on the (124) rather than the (125) . you’re like the vaudeville character (杂耍人物) who loses his Keys on a dark street and looks for them on the adjacent street because, as he explains, "The light is better there!/

A:technology B:sociology C:physiology D:astronomy

People are indulging in an illusion whenever they find themselves explaining at a cocktail(鸡尾酒)party，say, that the are “in computers，”or“ in telecommunications，”or “in electronic funds transfer”. The implication is that they are part of the high-tech world. Just between us，they usually aren’t. The researchers who made fundamental breakthroughs in those areas are in a high-tech business. The rest of us are （71）of their work. We use computers and other new technology components to develop our products or to organize our affairs. Because we go about this work in teams and projects and other tightly knit working group（紧密联系在一起的工作小组），we are mostly in the human communication business. Our successes stem from good human interactions by all participants in the effort，and our failures stem from poor human interactions.
The main reason we tend to focus on the（72）rather than the human side of work is not because it’s more (73)，but because it’s easier to do. Getting the new disk drive installed is positively trivial compared to figurine out why Horace is in a blue funk(恐惧）or why Susan is dissatisfied with the company aver only a few months. Human interactions are complicated and never very crisp（干脆的，干净利落的）and clean in　their effects, but they matter more than any other aspect of the work. If you find yourself concentrating on the（74）rather than the（75）．you’re like the vaudeville character （杂耍人物）who loses his Keys on a dark street and looks for them on the adjacent street because，as he explains，“The light is better there!”

A:technology B:sociology C:physiology D:astronomy