It is usual to classify types of production as job production, batch production and flow production. In job production, products are supplied to the special requirements of a customer, and the whole project is undertaken as one operation which is completed before passing, on to the next. A good example of this kind of work is shipbuilding. In job production a single item is produced at a time, whereas in batch production a number of similar items are produced in order to meet a continuing sales demand Batch sizes vary, but the quantity which is produced amounts to more than immediate requirements, and the surplus production is stored. Finally, in flow production, the manufacture of a product proceeds from one operation to another at a planned rate of output.
It is argued that the type of production method which is employed depends on the development of an individual company. That. is to say, many factories begin manufacturing on a job production basis and proceed, as the volume of production increases, to batch and flow production methods. This is not always the case, however, since the type of production is not necessarily determined by the product volume which is aimed at. In fact, in the car industry, tools are produced by jobbing methods, components are produced by batch methods, and the final product is assembled by flow methods.
Flow production is associated with flow layouts, whereas job and batch production are associated with process layouts. In a process layout, machines of a similar type are grouped together in the same section of the factory, and work in progress is moved from one part of the factory to another. In a flow layout scheme, the manufacturing equipment is arranged in the same sequence as the operations performed on the product. Each of these operations must be capable of processing work at the rate required for assembly of the final product, and the output for each operation must be balanced in order to provide a smooth flow of work.
There are advantages in both types of layout. In a process layout system there is more flexibility, and a greater specialization of machines and labour is possible, while in a flow layout system it is not necessary to maintain a high level of stocks or to demand great skill in the workforce.
The production method is not dependent on the size of a company because different products can ______.

A:be displayed at different locations B:be produced by different production methods C:be designed by different specialists D:be sold at different markets

In this way these insects show an efficient use of their (sound-produced) ability, (organizing) two sounds (delivered) at a high rate as one (call).

A:sound-produced B:organizing C:delivered D:call

How can we get rid of garbage Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs
These are two important questions that many people are asking today. Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time. They suggest using garbage as an energy source, and at the some time it can save the land to hold garbage.
For a long time, people buried garbage or dumped(倾倒) it on empty land. Now, empty land is scarce. But more and more garbage is produced each year. However, garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage do not look like coal, petroleum, or natural gas; but they are chemically similar to these fossil(化石) fuels. As we use up our fossil fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as an energy source.
Burning garbage is not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the United States have been burning garbage for years. (78) The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings. In Paris, France, some power plants bum almost 2 million metric tons of the cities garbage each year. The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil.
Our fossil fuel supplies are limited. (79) Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs. This method could also reduce the amount of garbage piling up on the earth.
Which of the following is not the result of burning garbage

A:The garbage burned is turned into fossil fuels. B:The heat produced is used to boil water. C:The steam produced is used to make electricity. D:The steam produced is used to heat buildings.

Passage 3

A:The garbage burned is turned into fossil fuels. B:The heat produced is used to boil water. C:The steam produced is used to make electricity. D:The steam produced is used to heat buildings.

How can we get rid of garbage Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs These are two important questions that many people are asking today. Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time. (83)They suggest using garbage as an energy source, and at the same time it can save the land to hold garbage.
For a long time, people buried garbage or dumped it on empty lanD．Now, empty land is scarce. But more and more garbage is produced each year. However, garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things do not look like coal, petroleum, or natural gas; but they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels. As we use up our fossil fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as an energy source.
Buring garbage is not a new ideA．Some cities in Europe and the United States have been buring garbage for years. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings. In Pairs, France, some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the city’s garbage each year. The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by buring almost a half million barrels of oil.
But there are problems in using garbage as a fuel. Garbage that burns easily , such as food scraps (碎屑) and paper, must be separated from metals, glass, and other materials that do not burn easily. This separation process is normally costly. Another problem is that burning garbage can pollute the air.
Our fossil fuel supplies are limiteD．Buring garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs. This method could also reduce the amount of garbage piling up on the earth.
Which of the following is NOT the result of burning garbage

A:The garbage burned is turned into fossil fuels. B:The heat produced is used to boil water. C:The steam produced is used to make electricity. D:The steam produced is used to heat buildings.

? ?阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

A:produced B:killed C:helped D:spread

A Country’s Standard of Living
The "standard of living" of any country means the average person’s share of the goods and services the country produces. A country’s standard of living, (51) , depends on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" (52) this sense is not money, for we do not live on money (53) on things that money can buy: "goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and entertainment
A country’s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of (54) have an effect on one another. Wealth depends (55) a great extent upon a country’s natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have fertile (肥沃的) soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess none of them.Next to natural resources (56) the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well-off (57) the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and. (58) this and other reasons was (59) to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and (60) from foreign invasions, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well favoured by nature but less well ordered.A country’s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed. (61) its own borders, but also upon what is directly produced through international trade. (62) , Britain’s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on (63) grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus (过剩的) manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would. (64) be lacking. A country’s wealth is, therefore, much (65) by its manufacturing capacity, provided (如果) that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.

A:made B:done C:produced D:influenced

? ?下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

A:made B:done C:produced D:influenced

A Country’s Standard of Living The "standard of living" of any country means the average person’s share of the goods and services the country produces. A country’s standard of living, _____(51), depends on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth"_____(52) this sense is not money, for we do riot live on money_____(53) on things that money can buy: "goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and entertainment. A country’s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of_____(54) have an effect on one another. Wealth depends_____(55) a great extent upon a country’s natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have fertile (肥沃的) soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess none of them. Next to natural resources_____(56) the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well-off_____(57) the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and_____(58) this and other reasons was_____(59) to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and_____(60) from foreign invasions, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well favoured by nature but less well ordered. A country’s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed_____(61) its own borders, but also upon what is directly produced through international trade._____(62), Britain’s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on_____(63) grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus (过剩的) manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would_____(64) be lacking. A country’s wealth is, therefore, much_____(65) by its manufacturing capacity provided (如果) that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.

A:made B:done C:produced D:influenced