患者男，34岁，感颈肩部不适伴双手麻木3年，近渐加重感双手无力，行走时双下肢无力。入院查体：一般状况好，双手握力减弱，双下肢肌力4级，双膝反射亢进。X线片示：颈椎生理曲度消失，C/C,C/C椎间高度降低，颈椎退变。

MRI提示，C/C,C/C椎间盘突出压迫硬膜囊，还最应考虑的诊断是

A:OPLL B:胸廓出口综合征 C:脊髓型颈椎病 D:腕管综合征 E:肌萎缩型侧索硬化症

甾体母核C侧链分别为

C甾属于( )

A:2个碳原子 B:9~10个碳原子脂肪烃 C:戊酸 D:含氧功能基 E:21个碳原子

维生素C注射液中各成分的作用

维生素C

A:pH调节剂 B:抗氧剂 C:金属络合剂 D:溶剂 E:主药

某男，33岁，心悸1周就诊。动态心电图检查如下图A、B、C所示。

图C应诊断为

A:房性心动过速 B:窦性心动过速，一度房室传导阻滞 C:房性心动过速，一度房室传导阻滞 D:窦性心动过速，二度Ⅰ型房室传导阻滞 E:房性期前收缩未下传

某男，33岁，心悸1周就诊。动态心电图检查如下图A、B、C所示。

图C的发生机制为

A:有效不应期延长 B:相对不应期延长并且>PP间距 C:相对不应期和有效不应期均延长，以相对不应期延长为主 D:有效不应期显著延长，只留下很短的相对不应期 E:有效不应期极度延长，大于逸搏间期

News reports often focus on disputes among scientists over the validity of preliminary (untested) data, hypotheses, and models (which by definition are tentative). This aspect of science-　1　because it has not been widely　2　and accepted-is called frontier science. The media　3　to focus on frontier science because its so-called "breakthroughs" make good news stories. Just because something is in the　4　of frontier science,　5　, does not mean that it isn’’t worthy of serious consideration;　6　, such matters need further study to determine their　7　. 　　　8　contrast, consensus science consists of data, models, theories, and laws that are widely accepted. This aspect of science is very reliable but is　9　considered newsworthy. The trouble is that the word science is used to　10　both frontier and consensus science, without　11　The media preference　12　frontier science gives the public the　13　impression that frontier science　14　very certain conclusions, which may or may not be correct. 　　However,　15　some frontier science is later shown to be unreliable, members of the public often falsely　16　that consensus science is also quite uncertain. We need to take both frontier and consensus science　17　but recognize their differences. One way to find out what scientists generally agree　18　is to seek out reports by scientific bodies that attempt to　19　consensus in　20　areas of science and technology.

Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points).18（）

A:summarize B:systematize C:recognize D:revitalize

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 Points) Text 1 National characteristics are not easy to pin down, and when pinned down they often turn out to be trivialities or seem to have no connection with one another. Spaniards are cruel to animals; Italian can do nothing without making a deafening noise; the Chinese are addicted to gambling. Obviously such things don’t matter in themselves. Nevertheless, nothing is causeless, anti even the fact that Englishmen have bad teeth can tell one something about the realities of English life. Here are a couple of generalizations about England that would be accepted by almost all observers. One is that the English are not gifted artistically. They are not as musical as the Germans or Italians; painting and sculpture have never flourished in England as they have in France. Another is that, as Europeans go, the English are not intellectual. They have a horror of abstract thought; they feel no need for any philosophy or systematic ‘world-view’. Nor is this because they are ’practical’, as they are so fond of claiming for themselves. One has only to look at their methods of town planning and water supply, their obstinate clinging to everything that is out of date and a nuisance, a spelling system that defies analysis and a system of weights and measures that is intelligible only to the compilers of arithmetic books, to see how little they care about mere efficiency. Another English characteristic which is so much a part of us that we barely notice it, is the addiction to hobbies and spare-time occupations, the privateness of English life. We are a nation of flower-lovers, but also a nation of stamp-collectors, pigeon-fanciers, amateur carpenters, coupon- snipers, darts-players, crossword-puzzle fans. All the culture that is most truly native centers round things which even when they are communal are not official -- the pub, the football match, the back garden, the fireside and the ‘nice cup of tea’. The liberty the individual is still believed in, almost as in the nineteenth century. But this has nothing to do with economic liberty, the right to exploit others for profit. It is the liberty to have a home of your own, to do what you like in your spare time, to choose your own amusements instead of having them chosen for you from above.

From the first paragraph, we can learn that（）

A:Chinese are indulged in gambling. B:you are likely to encounter cruel animals in Spain. C:whenever an Italian does anything, he will keep a stiff upper lip. D:to summarize one people’s characteristics, one must understand their culture.

To summarize Grice’s ideas in the light of other linguists’ elaborations, characteristics of irnplicature includes （）.

A:calculability B:cancellability C:non-detachability D:conventionality

? ?A new examination of urban policies has been ?(51) ? recently by Patricia Romero Lankao. She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and urban development. She warns that many of the world’s fast-growing urban areas, especially in developing countries, will likely ?(52) ? the impacts of changing climate. Her work also concludes ?(53) ? most cities are failing to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. These gases are known ?(54) ? affect atmosphere. "Climate changes a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world," says Romero Lankao. "But ?(55) ? cities are developing effective strategies to protect their residents. "
? ?Cities are ?(56) ? sources of greenhouse gases. And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao’s findings ?(57) ? ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term benefits.
? ?The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater. ?(58) ? for natural disasters. Potential threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat ?(59) ? paved cities more than surrounding areas. The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment. ?(60) ?, a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution, causing widespread health problems. Poorer neighborhoods that may lack basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads, are especially vulnerable to natural disasters. Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing without ?(61) ? reliable drinking water, roads and basic services.
? ?Local governments, ?(62) ? , should take measures to protect their residents. "Unfortunately, they tend to move towards rhetoric rather than meaningful responses," Romero Lankao writes. "They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don’t emphasize mass transit and ?(63) ? automobile use. In fact, many local governments are taking a ?(64) ? approach. " Thus, she urges them to change their idle policies and to take strong ?(65) ? to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.

A:make B:summarize C:highlight D:delight