化学降解法中，由于化学切割反应并非完全绝对的单一碱基特异性，因此除G,C残基外，A,T残基的位置需结合其他泳道的条带加以推断。

T残基的位置推断需结合的泳道是

A:T组 B:G+A组 C:G组和G+A组 D:C+T组 E:C组和C+T组

所谓加权即重点突出某方面的特性。之所以要加权是因为在一般的成像过程中，组织的各方面特性（如：质子密度、T值、T值）均对MR信号有贡献，几乎不可能得到仅纯粹反映组织一种特性的MR图像，通过利用成像参数的调整，使图像主要反映组织某方面特性，而尽量抑制组织其他特性对MR信号的影响，这就是"加权"。T加权成像是指这种成像方法重点突出组织纵向弛豫差别，而尽量减少组织其他特性如横向弛豫等对图像的影响；T加权成像重点突出组织的横向弛豫差别；质子密度加权像则主要反映组织的质子含量差别。

关于TWI的叙述正确的是

A:长T的组织呈低信号 B:脂肪呈高信号 C:短T的组织呈低信号 D:脑脊液呈低信号 E:骨骼呈高信号

患者女，57岁。胆总管结石。入院行胆总管切开探查，T型管引流术。

术后针对T型管引流的护理措施，不妥的是

A:记录引流胆汁的量、色及性状 B:每日用生理盐水冲洗T型管 C:一般留置2周 D:拔管前经T管胆道造影 E:拔管前夹管观察1~2天

ε（3-t）ε（t）=（）

A:ε（t）-ε（t-3） B:ε（t） C:ε（t）-ε（3-t） D:ε（3-t）

It’s obvious that humans are fundamentally different from other animal species. It’s not so easy, though, to identify the traits that make human beings so special. Scientists realized long ago that other animals make tools, play jokes and even have a sense of justice and altruism—all things we once thought were unique to our species.
Now a paper in the journal Current Biology has added another behavior to the list of what other animals share with us—and this one isn’t quite so charming. After years of field observations in Uganda’s Kibale National Park, John Mitani of the University of Michigan and several colleagues have concluded that chimps wage war to conquer new territory.
"We already knew that chimps kill each other," says Mitani. "We’ve known this for a long time." What scientists didn’t know for certain, at least in cases in which groups of chimps banded together to kill others, was why. One hypothesis, advanced more than a decade ago by anthropologist Richard Wrangham, was the idea of territorial conquest; circumstantial evidence from both Gombe and Mahale national parks in Tanzania bolstered the theory.
In Mahale, for example, male members of one group mysteriously vanished, and another group then expanded into what had been their land. In Gombe, an existing group dissolved into civil war, resulting in killings and land takeovers.
What’s especially chilling about the observation is that the murder rate appears to be so high. The anthropologists couldn’t be certain of how big a band the victims belonged to because they weren’t used to a human presence and thus couldn’t be accurately counted. But even a conservative estimate suggests that the death rate is significantly higher than you would see in war between human hunter-gatherer groups.
Mitani isn’t oblivious to the lesson some people might draw from the study. "Invariably, some will take this as evidence that the roots of aggression run very deep," he says, and therefore conclude that war is our evolutionary destiny. "Even if that were true," says Mitani, "we operate by a moral code that chimps don’t have."
Apart from that, he points out, the Pan troglodytes chimps he studies are one of two subspecies. The other is called Pan paniscus, also known as bonobos, and, says Mitani, "the latter, as far as we know, aren’t nearly as aggressive with respect to intergroup relations. Yet they’re equally close to us." That means that if we’re wired for warfare, we’re wired for peace too. Ultimately, the route we choose is still up to us.
What problem did the anthropologists meet in studying the chimps

A:They have no clue as to why chimps grouped to fight. B:There is not enough evidence to prove Wrangham’s hypothesis. C:They can’t confirm the number of the chimps involved in the war. D:There’s not enough people to participate in the field observation.

It’s obvious that humans are fundamentally different from other animal species. It’s not so easy, though, to identify the traits that make human beings so special. Scientists realized long ago that other animals make tools, play jokes and even have a sense of justice and altruism—all things we once thought were unique to our species.
Now a paper in the journal Current Biology has added another behavior to the list of what other animals share with us—and this one isn’t quite so charming. After years of field observations in Uganda’s Kibale National Park, John Mitani of the University of Michigan and several colleagues have concluded that chimps wage war to conquer new territory.
"We already knew that chimps kill each other," says Mitani. "We’ve known this for a long time." What scientists didn’t know for certain, at least in cases in which groups of chimps banded together to kill others, was why. One hypothesis, advanced more than a decade ago by anthropologist Richard Wrangham, was the idea of territorial conquest; circumstantial evidence from both Gombe and Mahale national parks in Tanzania bolstered the theory.
In Mahale, for example, male members of one group mysteriously vanished, and another group then expanded into what had been their land. In Gombe, an existing group dissolved into civil war, resulting in killings and land takeovers.
What’s especially chilling about the observation is that the murder rate appears to be so high. The anthropologists couldn’t be certain of how big a band the victims belonged to because they weren’t used to a human presence and thus couldn’t be accurately counted. But even a conservative estimate suggests that the death rate is significantly higher than you would see in war between human hunter-gatherer groups.
Mitani isn’t oblivious to the lesson some people might draw from the study. "Invariably, some will take this as evidence that the roots of aggression run very deep," he says, and therefore conclude that war is our evolutionary destiny. "Even if that were true," says Mitani, "we operate by a moral code that chimps don’t have."
Apart from that, he points out, the Pan troglodytes chimps he studies are one of two subspecies. The other is called Pan paniscus, also known as bonobos, and, says Mitani, "the latter, as far as we know, aren’t nearly as aggressive with respect to intergroup relations. Yet they’re equally close to us." That means that if we’re wired for warfare, we’re wired for peace too. Ultimately, the route we choose is still up to us.

A:They have no clue as to why chimps grouped to fight B:There is not enough evidence to prove Wrangham’s hypothesis C:They can’t confirm the number of the chimps involved in the war D:There’s not enough people to participate in the field observation

If he (gives) a chance to (enroll) in your university, I'm sure he (will prove) his (worth).

A:gives B:enroll C:will prove D:worth

Volunteers are being recruited(征募) to eat raw potatoes in the first human trials of a vaccine grown in genetically engineered vegetables. Researchers in Texas hope that people who eat the potatoes will be protected against common gut(肠，肠子) infections. They believe this technique could prove to be a cost-effective way of growing vaccines in developing countries where such diseases are still killers.
Other researchers previously succeeded in using similar techniques to produce potential vaccines Now Hugh Mason and his colleagues at Texas A & M University(得克萨斯农业及机械大学) their plant vaccines on mice and plan to recruit 15 volunteers for a human trial.
The team first tested the technique in tobacco plants. They took a strain of Escherichia coli(大肠杆菌) bacteria that causes food poisoning, and identified the part of the poison which binds to its victims gut cells. They then used a modified plant bacterium called Agrobacterium tumefasciens to transfer the segment of DNA which manufactures the binding protein into the tobacco plant. Under normal circumstances, these bacteria transfer packets of DNA into plant cells to force the plant to manufacture the nutrients they need. But in the modified bacteria, the DNA package includes the gene to pro- duce the binding protein.
Once the foreign DNA segment was incorporated(结合，合并) into the tobacco’s own DNA, the bacteria were killed off with antibiotics. Mason’s team then grew these modified tobacco plants and found that they produced the E. coli binding protein.
Proof of success came when the tobacco leaves were mashed up(捣碎) and squirted into the stomachs of mice. Mason says that within days the mice started producing specific antibodies to the E. coli poison, but suffered no ill effects from digesting the binding protein. Mason then produced genetically engineered potatoes and fed these to mice, with similar results.
Mason’s team have used plants to produce vaccines against a number of other infectious agents. For example, they have made a vaccine using a protein from the shell of the Norwalk virus, which causes diarrhoea(腹泻) in children.
A third vaccine has also been produced in tobacco using a surface protein from the hepatitis B virus. But Mason says that so far they have only been able to produce small amounts of it in potatoes. Although a vaccine already exists against hepatitis B, a cheaper plant version could make mass immunisation(群众性免疫) possible.
One problem with growing potatoes to produce vaccines is that cooking tends to destroy the protein component of the vaccine, so they must be eaten raw. Mason thinks that bananas may be a better option. "One banana could potentially produce a whole host of different vaccines," says Mason.
The purpose of this text is______。

A:to prove that doctors don’t like vegetables B:to amuse the reader by telling some funny things C:to describe how vegetables can grow vaccines for their own use D:to tell the reader about a cheaper way of growing vaccines