Text 1
Many of the world’s big lakes are threatened by pollution or huge drainage schemes. But there is least one fairly bright spot. The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence river system between Canada and the United States, which together account for a fifth of the world’s non-polar fresh water, are much healthier than they were. Can they stay that way
Though Lake Michigan is wholly the United States, all five lakes are governed by the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909, implemented by an independent bi-national joint commission. In 1978, both countries agreed to try to clean up the water in the lakes, several of which were heavily polluted. They have done so though in fact the improvement owes as much to economic change as to government action. Steel and other heavy industry have given way to cleaner industries and services, both in Ontario and in American lakeside states. The result: tests on fish and birds show residues of heavy metals have declined (though dangerous levels of mercury are still found), while in past ten years the rivers near Toronto have been successfully stocked with salmon.
There are still worries. One problem is farming. This uses much lake water 929% of the total that is withdrawn) from irrigation, while also polluting the lakes and river systems. The huge quantities of manure spread on farms in Ontario and Quebec also causes pollution, by running off the land into streams, rivers and then lakes.
Some scientists also worry that water levels will fall permanently. Climate change is likely to cut rainfall in the Great Lakes basin, while ever more water will be drawn from the lakes by a rising urban population. General consumption in the basin will increase by 25% in the next 25 years, according to a forecast by a consultant to the commission.
Other threats include some 140 exotic species of flora, fish and shellfish that have found their way into the lakes, some via ships’ ballast.. The zebra mussel from Eastern Europe is the most notorious and probably most damaging to the environment. It consumes a lot of oxygen (though it also helps to clean the water). Lastly, there is the hazardous prospect of decommissioning Ontario’s two dozen ageing nuclear reactors, which line the shores of Lake Ontario and Lake Huron.
Fortunately, the long history of successful co-operation between the two countries and among the local governments suggest these threats can be managed. Both governments have approved the commission’s plan to set up international watershed boards across the continent. These are to take a "holistic" approach to ecosystems. Maybe the Zebra mussel and the farm run- offs have met their match.
Which of the following shows that water quality has improved（）
A:Fish and birds show residues of heavy metal. B:Toronto has grown salmon successfully in its waters. C:Farming has prospered in the lakeside areas. D:Lake water has been drawn for use by the population.
Passage 2
We are all naturally attracted to
people with idea, beliefs and interests like our own. Similarly, we feel
comfortable with people with physical qualities similar to ours.
You may have noticed how people who live or work closely together come to
behave in a similar way. Unconsciously we copy those we are close to or love or
admire. So a sportsman’s individual way of walking with raised shoulder is
imitated by an admiring fan; a pair of lovers both shake their heads in the same
way; an employee finds himself duplicating his boss’s habit of wagging (摇摆) a
pen between his fingers while thinking.
In every case, the
influential person may not consciously notice the imitation, but he will feel
comfortable in its presence. And if he does notice the matching of his
gestures or movements, he finds it pleasing he is influencing people: they are
drawn to him.
Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends
and acquaintances all their lives, and winning affection and respect m this way
without being aware of their methods. Now, for people who want to win agreement
or trust, affection or sympathy. Some psychologists recommend the deliberate use
of physical mirroring.
The clever saleswoman echoes her lady
customer’s movements, tilting her head in the same way to judge a color match,
or folding her arms a few seconds after the customer, as though consciously
attracted by her. The customer feels that the saleswoman is in sympathy with
her, and understands her needs a promising relationship for a sale to take
place.
The Clever lawyer, trying in la law-court to influence a
judge, imitates the great man shrugging of his shoulders, the tone of his voice
and the rhythm of his speech.
Of course, physical mirroring must
be subtle. If you blind (眨眼)every time your target blinks, or bite your
bottom lip every time he does, your mirroring has become mockery (嘲笑) and you
can expect trouble. So, if you can’t model sympathetically, don’t play the
game. |
Physical mirroring can cause trouble if
A:The person mirrored finds that people are drawn to him B:the mirroring ha become mockery C:the lawyer shrugs his shoulders the way the judge does D:it has been found to be deliberately used
Suburb
If "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city, in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small, highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot, and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories, built in the 1830’’s and 1840’’s, were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses around the older, main cities. As a defence against this encroachment, and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854 for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.
With the acceleration of industrial growth come acute, urban crowding and accompanying social stress-conditions began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase of mass-scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban middle class, whose desires for homeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developing of single-family housing tracts.
It can be inferred from the text that after 1890 most people traveled around cities by______.
A:automobile B:cart C:horse-drawn trolley D:electric streetcar
The representative samples were （）at random
A:being drawn B:drawing C:drawn D:draw
The representative samples were （）at random
A:being drawn B:drawing C:drawn D:draw
rú lái 证没有申请人(或付款人)一栏，而是直接指明汇票付款人时，如“WE OPEN CREDITNO. PS8803 AVAILABLE BY DRAFFS DRAWN ON EEC Co.，LTD.”，那么发票的抬头人应作成( )。
A:空白抬头 B:开证行 C:DRAWN ON EEC Co.LT D:EEC Co.，LTD.
单选集填空
