New Technique Promises Earlier Cancer Detection A new technique could revolutionize the early detection of cancer, giving sufferers a greater chance of beating the disease, American scientists said. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have devised a novel method of 【51】 changes in the nucleus of cells in the earliest stages of the disease." More than 85 percent of all cancers originate in the epithelium (上皮) that lines the internal surfaces of organs 【52】 the body. Although these are treatable 【53】 they are diagnosed in one of the preventable stages, early body damages are almost 【54】 to detect," said scientist Feld. " We present a new optical-probe (光学探子) technique based on light-scattering spectroscopy (分光镜检查) that is able 【55】 detect precancerous and early cancerous cells in cell-rich epithelia," he added in a statement. The new technique relies on the fact 【56】 cell nuclei change in the early stages of cancer and the differences scatter light in a characteristic way. Until now the changes were only detectable 【57】 a biopsy (活检) was taken, the scientists said. The new technique, 【58】 in the science journal Nature, can be used in conjunction with a routine cancer screening and surveillance technique which uses an endoscope (内窥镜) —a flexible optical probe 【59】 with cameras which is inserted into a cavity in the body—to check 【60】 cancers. The scientists said they 【61】 their new technique in four different organs during routine endoscopic cancer screening. The tip of the optical probe was brought into contact with the tissue to be tested and the scattering of light was recorded without the need for any tissue to be 【62】 , the scientists said. " Our results show that light-scattering spectroscopy has the potential to detect pre-cancerous body damages and preinvasive cancers throughout the body. This technique should 【63】 improve the efficiency of cancer screening and surveillance," the scientists said. Cancer is one of the biggest 【64】 in industrialized countries. 【65】 to figures from the World Health Organization, 10 million people were diagnosed with the disease worldwide in 1997 and six million died.

A:had to test B:had tested C:have tested D:have been testing

? ?The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has confirmed cases of swine ?(51) ? in eight students at a New York preparatory (预科的) school, Mayor Michael Bloomberg said Sunday. The students have had only ?(52) ? symptoms and none have been hospitalized, he said. Some of the students have already recovered.
? ?More than 100 students were absent from ?(53) ? due to flu-like symptoms last week. New York health officials tested samples for eight students Saturday and determined the students were probably. ?(54) ? from swine flu, and the CDC confirmed the ?(55) ? on Sunday, Bloomberg said.
? ?The announcement brings the ?(56) ? of confirmed swine flu cases in the United States to 20. Bloomberg said there is no ?(57) ? of a citywide outbreak of the flu, and no sign of a potential outbreak of swine flu at ?(58) ? schools.
? ?Some students at the school ?(59) ? spring break in Mexico, Bloomberg said, but authorities have not determined ?(60) ? any of the students with a confirmed case of swine flu was in Mexico. Someone who traveled to Mexico may not have had any flu symptoms but ?(61) ? on the flu to someone else, he noted.
? ?Bloomberg called on students who are home sick to ?(62) ? home for 48 hours after their symptoms subside.
? ?If symptoms are normal for a regular kind of flu, there is ?(63) ? need to go to a hospital, said Bloomberg. If symptoms become severe, as ?(64) ? any illness, people should go to the hospital, he said.
? ?St. Francis, which has 2,700 students, announced it will remain closed for two days. ?(65) ? whether the students’ illnesses have been minor because they’re young and healthy or because it is a minor strain of the virus, Frieden responded, "We don’t know. /

A:Told B:Tested C:Greeted D:Asked

How much lead is harmful Until the 1970s, exposure to lead was considered dangerous only at blood levels associated with extreme symptoms of poisoning: convulsions (惊厥), brains swelling, acute kidney disease, stomach pains and hallucinations (幻觉). But low -level lead poisoning can cause symptoms that, while subtle, are no less serious. As a result, the CDC has continually lowered the point at which patients should be treated for lead poisoning.
One of the most influential study of lead’ s low - level effects was published by Herbert Needleman, professor of psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh Medical School. Testing first and second grade students in the Boston area, he found the lowest I. Q. , academic achievement, language skills and attention span among children with the highest tooth levels (起损害作用的量) of lead. "None of their lead levels exceed the CDC’s 1979 toxicity threshold. "Says Paul Mushak, an expert on toxic substances, "Our children and people in the risk groups shouldn’t be held hostage (成为人质) to a preventable disease. "
What can be done In some cases the treatment for low - level lead poisoning can be as simple as removing the source of pollution, for example, to stop drinking tap water in some cases. But no one knows the long - term effects of lead poisoning may be. The small amount of research done so far suggest that intellectual impairment may be irreversible (不可逆的).
Nor is it always easy to know what water is safe. Jeanne Briskin, a policy analyst with the EPA, reports that in uncounted schools across the country water in drinking fountains may be lead - contaminated. Even the child whose parents have removed the lead threat at home may still be gulping (吞咽)the metal every school day.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children be screened for lead poisoning at 12 months of age, with their doctor to determine follow - up examinations; men at risk for hypertension (高血压) should also have their blood lead levels tested.
Prevention is even more important. Public -health specialists have intensified efforts to control the pollutant. Meanwhile, for the individual, that means testing potential household sources of contamination.
Which of the following statements is true about the study conducted by Herbert Needleman according to the passage

A:It tested first and second grade students from all over the United States. B:All the students tested had lowerI. Q. and academic achievement than normal students. C:None of the students with symptoms exceeded the safety level set in 1979 by CDC. D:It proved the lead’ s high - level effects on people, especially on children.

Small or slow-growing nodules (小结节) discovered on a lung scan are unlikely to develop into tumors over the next two years, researchers reported on Wednesday.
The findings reported in the New England Journal of Medicine, could help doctors decide when to do more aggressive testing for lung cancer. They could also help patients avoid unnecessarily aggressive and potentially harmful testing when lesions (损伤) found.
Lung cancer, the biggest cancer killer in the United States and globally, is often not diagnosed until it has spread. It kills 159,000 people a year in the United States alone.
The work is part of a larger effort to develop guidelines to help doctors decide what to do when such growths, often discovered by accident, appear in a scan.
High-tech X-rays called CT scans can detect tumors-but they see all sorts of other blobs (模糊的一团) that are not tumors, and often the only way to tell the difference is to take a biopsy (活检), a dangerous procedure.
At the moment, routine lung cancer screening is considered impractical because of its high cost and because too many healthy people are called back for further testing.
Good guideline could help make lung cancer screening practical, Dr. Rob van Kiaveren of the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, who led the new study, said in a telephone interview.
The team looked at 7, 557 people at high risk for lung cancer because they were current and former smokers. All received multidetector (多层螺旋) CT scans that measured the size of any suspicious-looking modules.
Volunteers who had nodules over 9.7 mm in width, or had growth of 4.6 mm that grew fast enough to more than double in volume every 400 days, were sent for further testing. Of the 196 people who fell into that category, 70 were found to have lung cancer, 10 additional cases were found years later.
But of the 7, 361 who tested negative during screening only 20 lung cancer cases later developed.
In a second round of screening done one year after the first, 1.8 percent were sent to the doctor because they had a nodule that was large or fast-growing. More than half turned out to have lung cancer.
The result means that if the screening test says you don’t have lung cancer, you probably don’t, the researcher said. "The chances of finding lung cancer one and two years after a negative first-round test were 1 in 1,000 and 3 in 1,000 respectively, "they concluded.
All the following statements are true EXCEPT______.

A:a relatively small number of the volunteers had large or fast-growing nodules B:almost all those with large or fast-growing nodules were found to have lung cancer C:all the volunteers were at high risk for lung cancer D:most of the volunteers tested negative during screening

New Technique Promises Earlier Cancer Detection A new technique could revolutionize the early detection of cancer, giving sufferers a greater chance of beating the disease, American scientists said. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have devised a novel method of 【51】 changes in the nucleus of cells in the earliest stages of the disease." More than 85 percent of all cancers originate in the epithelium (上皮) that lines the internal surfaces of organs 【52】 the body. Although these are treatable 【53】 they are diagnosed in one of the preventable stages, early body damages are almost 【54】 to detect," said scientist Feld. " We present a new optical-probe (光学探子) technique based on light-scattering spectroscopy (分光镜检查) that is able 【55】 detect precancerous and early cancerous cells in cell-rich epithelia," he added in a statement. The new technique relies on the fact 【56】 cell nuclei change in the early stages of cancer and the differences scatter light in a characteristic way. Until now the changes were only detectable 【57】 a biopsy (活检) was taken, the scientists said. The new technique, 【58】 in the science journal Nature, can be used in conjunction with a routine cancer screening and surveillance technique which uses an endoscope (内窥镜) —a flexible optical probe 【59】 with cameras which is inserted into a cavity in the body—to check 【60】 cancers. The scientists said they 【61】 their new technique in four different organs during routine endoscopic cancer screening. The tip of the optical probe was brought into contact with the tissue to be tested and the scattering of light was recorded without the need for any tissue to be 【62】 , the scientists said. " Our results show that light-scattering spectroscopy has the potential to detect pre-cancerous body damages and preinvasive cancers throughout the body. This technique should 【63】 improve the efficiency of cancer screening and surveillance," the scientists said. Cancer is one of the biggest 【64】 in industrialized countries. 【65】 to figures from the World Health Organization, 10 million people were diagnosed with the disease worldwide in 1997 and six million died.

A:had to test B:had tested C:have tested D:have been testing

New Technique Promises Earlier Cancer Detection A new technique could revolutionize the early detection of cancer, giving sufferers a greater chance of beating the disease, American scientists said. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have devised a novel method of 【51】 changes in the nucleus of cells in the earliest stages of the disease." More than 85 percent of all cancers originate in the epithelium (上皮) that lines the internal surfaces of organs 【52】 the body. Although these are treatable 【53】 they are diagnosed in one of the preventable stages, early body damages are almost 【54】 to detect," said scientist Feld. " We present a new optical-probe (光学探子) technique based on light-scattering spectroscopy (分光镜检查) that is able 【55】 detect precancerous and early cancerous cells in cell-rich epithelia," he added in a statement. The new technique relies on the fact 【56】 cell nuclei change in the early stages of cancer and the differences scatter light in a characteristic way. Until now the changes were only detectable 【57】 a biopsy (活检) was taken, the scientists said. The new technique, 【58】 in the science journal Nature, can be used in conjunction with a routine cancer screening and surveillance technique which uses an endoscope (内窥镜) —a flexible optical probe 【59】 with cameras which is inserted into a cavity in the body—to check 【60】 cancers. The scientists said they 【61】 their new technique in four different organs during routine endoscopic cancer screening. The tip of the optical probe was brought into contact with the tissue to be tested and the scattering of light was recorded without the need for any tissue to be 【62】 , the scientists said. " Our results show that light-scattering spectroscopy has the potential to detect pre-cancerous body damages and preinvasive cancers throughout the body. This technique should 【63】 improve the efficiency of cancer screening and surveillance," the scientists said. Cancer is one of the biggest 【64】 in industrialized countries. 【65】 to figures from the World Health Organization, 10 million people were diagnosed with the disease worldwide in 1997 and six million died.

A:had to test B:had tested C:have tested D:have been testing

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All the following statements are true EXCEPT

A:a relatively small number of the volunteers had large or fast-growing nodules. B:almost all those with large or fast-growing nodules were found to have lung cancer. C:all the volunteers were at high risk for lung cancer. D:most of the volunteers tested negative during screening.