颗粒性固缩肾(granular contracted kidney)

The small size of the components of computer chips has proved unstoppable. In each new (1) , those components are smaller and more tightly packed than they were in their predecessor. (2) has been so rapid that chip designers are (3) apparently fundamental barriers to further reductions in size and increases in density. In a small size version of the (4) to wireless communication in the macroscopic world, a group of researchers led by Alain Nogaret, think they can make chips (5) components talk to each other wirelessly.
The researchers (6) to use the standard print techniques employed in chipmaking to coat a semiconductor with tiny magnets. These magnets will (7) local magnetic fields that point in opposite directions at different points (8) the chip’s surface. Electrons have a (9) called spin--that is affected by magnetic fields, and the team hopes to use a/an (10) called inverse electron-spin vibration to make electrons (11) the chip emit microwaves.
Dr. Nogaret imagine great advances that would stem (12) the success of his work, and these are not (13) to the possibility of packing components yet more tightly. In today’s chips, the failure of a single connection can put the whole circuit out of (14) . This should not happen with a wireless system (15) it could be programmed to re-route signals.
The project will not be (16) sailing. Generating microwaves powerful enough to (17) data reliably will (18) involve stacking several layers of magnets and semiconductors together and encouraging the electrons in them to move in a harmonious union. But if it (19) , a whole new wireless world will be (20) .

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. 13（）

A:confined B:contracted C:convicted D:contacted

The small size of the components of computer chips has proved unstoppable. In each new (1) , those components are smaller and more tightly packed than they were in their predecessor. (2) has been so rapid that chip designers are (3) apparently fundamental barriers to further reductions in size and increases in density. In a small size version of the (4) to wireless communication in the macroscopic world, a group of researchers led by Alain Nogaret, think they can make chips (5) components talk to each other wirelessly.
The researchers (6) to use the standard print techniques employed in chipmaking to coat a semiconductor with tiny magnets. These magnets will (7) local magnetic fields that point in opposite directions at different points (8) the chip’s surface. Electrons have a (9) called spin--that is affected by magnetic fields, and the team hopes to use a/an (10) called inverse electron-spin vibration to make electrons (11) the chip emit microwaves.
Dr. Nogaret imagine great advances that would stem (12) the success of his work, and these are not (13) to the possibility of packing components yet more tightly. In today’s chips, the failure of a single connection can put the whole circuit out of (14) . This should not happen with a wireless system (15) it could be programmed to re-route signals.
The project will not be (16) sailing. Generating microwaves powerful enough to (17) data reliably will (18) involve stacking several layers of magnets and semiconductors together and encouraging the electrons in them to move in a harmonious union. But if it (19) , a whole new wireless world will be (20) .

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. 13（）

A:confined B:contracted C:convicted D:contacted

I was not alone in my knowledge; the woman had also seen my father’s eyes gleaming with ______ pride.

A:contracted B:contested C:contented D:contrasted

He ______ the gun beneath a huge bag before entering the checkpoint of the airport.

A:contracted B:collected C:concealed D:constituted

Ebola Outbreak 　　1.You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are batting an Ebola Outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals .It is now believed that bats are the primary carries of the virus. 　　2. To date ,there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak :Sierra Leone ,Liberia and Guinea .However ,other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders. 　　3.Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero .Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person .Specifically ,Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though ,the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable . 　　4.The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus .Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat. 　　5.Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body .This causes an overstimulation of the body’s inflammatory response ,causing the flu-like symptoms .The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body’s normal clotting mechanism(凝血机制)，making bleeding even more severe .Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion(器官灌注)，ultimately lead to organ failure and death. 　　6.The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years .While diseases such as the malaria (疟疾)are far more communicable ,Ebola is one of the world’s most fatal viral infections. Ebola’s fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.

paragraph2（）

A:Am I at risk of contracting the virus B:Is the current outbreak the deadlines C:How do I know if I have contracted the virus D:What areas are currently affected E:What exactly does Ebola do to the body F:What caused the Ebola outbreak

Ebola Outbreak 　　1.You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are batting an Ebola Outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals .It is now believed that bats are the primary carries of the virus. 　　2. To date ,there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak :Sierra Leone ,Liberia and Guinea .However ,other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders. 　　3.Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero .Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person .Specifically ,Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though ,the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable . 　　4.The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus .Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat. 　　5.Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body .This causes an overstimulation of the body’s inflammatory response ,causing the flu-like symptoms .The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body’s normal clotting mechanism(凝血机制)，making bleeding even more severe .Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion(器官灌注)，ultimately lead to organ failure and death. 　　6.The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years .While diseases such as the malaria (疟疾)are far more communicable ,Ebola is one of the world’s most fatal viral infections. Ebola’s fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.

paragraph 3（）

A:Am I at risk of contracting the virus B:Is the current outbreak the deadlines C:How do I know if I have contracted the virus D:What areas are currently affected E:What exactly does Ebola do to the body F:What caused the Ebola outbreak

Ebola Outbreak 　　1.You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are batting an Ebola Outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals .It is now believed that bats are the primary carries of the virus. 　　2. To date ,there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak :Sierra Leone ,Liberia and Guinea .However ,other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders. 　　3.Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero .Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person .Specifically ,Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though ,the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable . 　　4.The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus .Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat. 　　5.Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body .This causes an overstimulation of the body’s inflammatory response ,causing the flu-like symptoms .The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body’s normal clotting mechanism(凝血机制)，making bleeding even more severe .Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion(器官灌注)，ultimately lead to organ failure and death. 　　6.The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years .While diseases such as the malaria (疟疾)are far more communicable ,Ebola is one of the world’s most fatal viral infections. Ebola’s fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.

paragraph 4（）

A:Am I at risk of contracting the virus B:Is the current outbreak the deadlines C:How do I know if I have contracted the virus D:What areas are currently affected E:What exactly does Ebola do to the body F:What caused the Ebola outbreak

Ebola Outbreak 　　1.You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are batting an Ebola Outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals .It is now believed that bats are the primary carries of the virus. 　　2. To date ,there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak :Sierra Leone ,Liberia and Guinea .However ,other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders. 　　3.Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero .Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person .Specifically ,Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though ,the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable . 　　4.The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus .Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat. 　　5.Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body .This causes an overstimulation of the body’s inflammatory response ,causing the flu-like symptoms .The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body’s normal clotting mechanism(凝血机制)，making bleeding even more severe .Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion(器官灌注)，ultimately lead to organ failure and death. 　　6.The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years .While diseases such as the malaria (疟疾)are far more communicable ,Ebola is one of the world’s most fatal viral infections. Ebola’s fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.

paragraph 5（）

A:Am I at risk of contracting the virus B:Is the current outbreak the deadlines C:How do I know if I have contracted the virus D:What areas are currently affected E:What exactly does Ebola do to the body F:What caused the Ebola outbreak

Ebola Outbreak 　　1.You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are batting an Ebola Outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals .It is now believed that bats are the primary carries of the virus. 　　2. To date ,there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak :Sierra Leone ,Liberia and Guinea .However ,other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders. 　　3.Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero .Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person .Specifically ,Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though ,the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable . 　　4.The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus .Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat. 　　5.Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body .This causes an overstimulation of the body’s inflammatory response ,causing the flu-like symptoms .The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body’s normal clotting mechanism(凝血机制)，making bleeding even more severe .Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion(器官灌注)，ultimately lead to organ failure and death. 　　6.The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years .While diseases such as the malaria (疟疾)are far more communicable ,Ebola is one of the world’s most fatal viral infections. Ebola’s fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.

The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies in （）

A:Am I at risk of contracting the virus B:Is the current outbreak the deadlines C:How do I know if I have contracted the virus D:What areas are currently affected E:What exactly does Ebola do to the body F:What caused the Ebola outbreak