单选集
单选集
Information technologists have dreamt for decades of making an electronic display that is as good as paper: cheap enough to be pasted on to wails and billboards, clear enough to be read in broad daylight, and thin and flexible enough to be bound as hundreds of flippable leaves to make a book. Over the past few years they have got close. In particular, they have worked out how to produce the display itself, by sandwiching tiny spheres that change colour in response to an electric charge inside thin sheets of flexible, transparent plastic. What they have not yet found is a way to mass-produce flexible electronic circuitry with which to create that charge. But a paper just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests that this, too, may be done soon.
The process described by John Rogers and his colleagues from Bell Laboratories, an arm of Lucent Technologies, in New Jersey, and E Ink Corporation, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, starts with E Ink’s established half-way house towards true electronic paper. This is based on spheres containing black, liquid dye and particles of white, solid pigment. The pigment particles are negatively charged, so they can be pushed and pulled around by electrodes located above and below the sheet.
The electrodes, in turn, are controlled by transistors under the sheet. Each transistor manipulates a single picture element (pixel), making it black or white. The pattern of pixels, in turn, makes up the picture or text on the page. The problem lies in making the transistors and connections. Established ways of doing this, such as photolithography, use silicon as the semiconductor in the transistors. That is all right for applications suck as pesters. It is too fragile and too expensive, though, for genuine electronic paper—which is why cheap and flexible electronic components are needed.
For flexibility, Dr Rogers and his colleagues chose pentacene as their semiconductor, and gold as their wiring. Pentacene is a polymer whose semiconducting properties were discovered only recently. Gold is the most malleable metal known, and one of the best electrical conductors. Although it is pricey, so little is needed that the cost per article is tiny.
To make their electronic paper the researchers started with a thin sheet of Mylar, a tough plastic, that was coated with indium-tin oxide (ITO), a transparent electrical conductor. To carve this conductor into a suitable electric circuit, they used an innovation called microcontact printing lithography. This trick involves printing the pattern of the circuit on to the ITO using a rubber stamp. The "ink" in the process is a solvent-resistant chemical that protects this part of the ITO while allowing the rest to be dissolved.
The best title for the passage maybe ______.
A:A Special Electronic Display B:John Rogers and His Colleagues’ Invention C:The Creation of the Electronic Paper D:The Age of the Electronic Page
Information technologists have dreamt for decades of making an electronic display that is as good as paper: cheap enough to be pasted on to wails and billboards, clear enough to be read in broad daylight, and thin and flexible enough to be bound as hundreds of flippable leaves to make a book. Over the past few years they have got close. In particular, they have worked out how to produce the display itself, by sandwiching tiny spheres that change colour in response to an electric charge inside thin sheets of flexible, transparent plastic. What they have not yet found is a way to mass-produce flexible electronic circuitry with which to create that charge. But a paper just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests that this, too, may be done soon.
The process described by John Rogers and his colleagues from Bell Laboratories, an arm of Lucent Technologies, in New Jersey, and E Ink Corporation, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, starts with E Ink’s established half-way house towards true electronic paper. This is based on spheres containing black, liquid dye and particles of white, solid pigment. The pigment particles are negatively charged, so they can be pushed and pulled around by electrodes located above and below the sheet.
The electrodes, in turn, are controlled by transistors under the sheet. Each transistor manipulates a single picture element (pixel), making it black or white. The pattern of pixels, in turn, makes up the picture or text on the page. The problem lies in making the transistors and connections. Established ways of doing this, such as photolithography, use silicon as the semiconductor in the transistors. That is all right for applications suck as pesters. It is too fragile and too expensive, though, for genuine electronic paper—which is why cheap and flexible electronic components are needed.
For flexibility, Dr Rogers and his colleagues chose pentacene as their semiconductor, and gold as their wiring. Pentacene is a polymer whose semiconducting properties were discovered only recently. Gold is the most malleable metal known, and one of the best electrical conductors. Although it is pricey, so little is needed that the cost per article is tiny.
To make their electronic paper the researchers started with a thin sheet of Mylar, a tough plastic, that was coated with indium-tin oxide (ITO), a transparent electrical conductor. To carve this conductor into a suitable electric circuit, they used an innovation called microcontact printing lithography. This trick involves printing the pattern of the circuit on to the ITO using a rubber stamp. The "ink" in the process is a solvent-resistant chemical that protects this part of the ITO while allowing the rest to be dissolved.
A:A Special Electronic Display B:John Rogers and His Colleagues’ Invention C:The Creation of the Electronic Paper D:The Age of the Electronic Page
{{B}}第三篇{{/B}}
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? ? ? ? ? {{B}}Electronic Mail{{/B}} ? ?During the past few years, scientist the world over have suddenly found themselves productively engaged in task they once spent their lives avoiding — writing, any kind of writing but particularly letter writing. Encouraged by electronic mail’s surprisingly high speed, convenience and economy, people who never before touched the stuff are regularly, skillfully, even cheerfully tapping out a great deal of correspondence. ? ?Electronic networks, woven into the fabric of scientific communication these days, are the route to colleagues in distant counties, shared data, bulletin boards and electronic journals. Anyone with a personal computer, a modem.and the software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on. An estimated five million scientists have done so with more joining every day, most of them communicating through a bundle of interconnected domestic and foreign routes known collectively as the internet, or net. ? ?E-mail is staring to edge out the fax, the telephone, overnight mail, and of course, land mail. It shrinks time and distance between scientific collaborators, in part because it is conveniently asynchronous (writers can type while their colleagues across time zones sleep; their message will be waiting). If it is not yet speeding discoveries, it is certainly accelerating communication. ? ?Jeremy Bemstei, the physicist and science writer, once called E-mail the physicist’s umbilical cord. Lately other people, too, have been discovering its connective virtues. Physicists are using it; college students are using it, everybody is using it, and as a sign that it has come of age, the New Yorker has accelerates its liberating presence with a cartoon — an appreciative dog seated at a keyboard, saying happily, "On the Intemet, nobody knows you’re a dog." |
A:Electronic routes used to read home and international journals. B:Electronic routes used to fax or correspond overnight. C:Electronic routes waiting for correspondence while one is sleeping. D:Electronic routes connected among millions of users, home and abroad.
{{B}}第二篇{{/B}}
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? ? Electronic Mail{{/B}} ? ?During the past few years, scientist the world over have suddenly found themselves productively engaged in task they once spent their lives avoiding-writing, any kind of writing but particularly letter writing. Encouraged by electronic mail’s surprisingly high speed, convenience and economy, people who never before touched the stuff are regularly, skillfully, even cheerfully tapping out a great deal of correspondence. ? ?Electronic networks, woven into the fabric of scientific communication these days, are the route to colleagues in distant counties, shared data, bulletin boards and electronic journals. Anyone with a personal computer, a modem and the software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on. An estimated five million scientists have done so with more joining every day, most of them communicating through a bundle of interconnected domestic and foreign routes known collectively as the internet, or net. ? ? E-mail is staring to edge out the fax, the telephone, overnight mail, and of course, land mail. It shrinks time and distance between scientific collaborators, in par[ because it is conveniently asynchronous (writers can type while their colleagues across time zones sleep; their message will be waiting). If it is not yet speeding discoveries, it is certainly accelerating communication. ? ?Jeremy Bernstei, the physicist and science writer, once called E-mail the physicist’s umbilical cord. Lately other people, too, have been discovering its connective virtues. Physicists are using it; college students are using it, everybody is using it, and as a sign that it has come of age, the New Yorker has accelerates its liberating presence with a cartoon--an appreciative dog seated at a keyboard, saying happily, "On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog." |
A:Electronic routes used to read home and international journals. B:Electronic routes used to fax or correspond overnight. C:Electronic routes waiting for correspondence while one is sleeping. D:Electronic routes connected among millions of users, home and abroad.
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}
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Electronic Mail ? ?During the past few years, scientists all over the world have suddenly found themselves productively engaged in task they once spent their lives avoiding - writing, any kind of writing, but particularly letter writing. Encouraged by electronic mail’s surprisingly high speed, convenience and economy, people who never before touched the stuff are regularly, skillfully, even cheerfully tapping out a great deal of correspondence. ? ?Electronic networks, woven into the fabric of scientific communication these days, are the route to colleagues in distant countries, shared data, bulletin boards and electronic journals. Anyone with a personal computer, a modem and the software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on. An estimated five million scientists have done so with more joining every day, most of them communicating through a bundle of interconnected domestic and foreign routes known collectively as the Interact, or net. ? ?E-mail is starting to edge out the fax, the telephone, overnight mail, and of course, land mail. It shrinks time and distance between scientific collaborators, in part because it is conveniently asynchronous (异步的). (Writer can type while their colleagues across time zones sleep; their message will be waiting. ) If it is not yet speeding discoveries, it is certainly accelerating communication. ? ?Jeremy Bernstein, the physicist and science writer, once called E-mail the physicist’s umbilical cord (脐带). Later other people, too, have been discovering its connective virtues. Physicists are using it; college students are using it; everybody is using it; and as a sign that it has come of age, the New Yorker has celebrated its liberating presence with a cartoon—an appreciative dog seated at a keyboard, saying happily, "On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog. " |
A:Electronic routes used to read home and international journals. B:Electronic routes used to fax or correspond overnight. C:Electronic routes waiting for correspondence while one is sleeping. D:Electronic routes connected among millions of users, home and abroad.
MIDI enables people to use （66） computers and electronic musical instruments. There are actually three components to MIDI, the communications " （67） ", the Hardware interface and a distribution （68） called "Standard MIDI Files". In the context of the WWW, the most interesting component is the （69） Format. In principle, MIDI files contain sequences of MIDI Protocol messages. However, when MIDI Protocol （70） are stored in MIDI files, the events are also time-stamped for playback in the proper sequence. Music delivered by MIDI files is the most common use of MIDI today.
66（）A:personal B:electronic C:multimedia D:network
MIDI enables people to use (61) computers and electronic musical instruments. There are actually three components to M1DI, the communications " (62) ", the Hardware Interface and a distribution (63) called "Standard MIDI Files". In the context of the WWW, the most interesting component is the (64) Format. In principle, MIDI files contain sequences of MIDI Protocol messages. However, when MIDI Protocol (65) are stored in MID! files, the events are also time-stamped for playback in the proper sequence. Music delivered by MIDI files is the most common use of MIDI today.
A:personal B:electronic C:multimedia D:network
MIDI enables people to use ______ computers and electronic musical instruments. There are actually three components to MIDI, the communications " ______", the Hardware Interface and a distribution ______ called "Standard MIDI Files". In the context of the WWW, the most interesting component is the ______ Format. In principle, MIDI files contain sequences of MIDI Protocol messages. However, when MIDI Protocol ______ are stored in MIDI files, the events are also time-stamped for playback in the proper sequence. Music delivered by MIDI files is the most common use of MIDI today.
A:personal B:electronic C:multimedia D:network
MIDI enables people to use （66） computers and electronic musical instruments. There are actually three components to MIDI, the communications " （67） ", the Hardware interface and a distribution （68） called "Standard MIDI Files". In the context of the WWW,the most interesting component is the （69） Format. In principle, MIDI files contain sequences of MIDI Protocol messages. However, when MIDI Protocol （70） are stored in MIDI files, the events are also time-stamped for playback in the proper sequence. Music delivered by MIDI files is the most common use of MIDI today.
A:personal B:electronic C:multimedia D:network
