Which of the following is true concerning stress on managers

A:Stress only affects managers in times of change. B:Stress will always lead to the setting up of a vicious cycle. C:High level of stress may result in less effective performance. D:High level of stress occur as managers adjust to changes.

While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s," she observes," it’s just .that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."
Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are ex- posed to combat stress. Men are exposed lo more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."
Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck."
Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez ’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women（）

A:need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress. B:have limited capacity for tolerating stress. C:are more capable of avoiding stress. D:are exposed to more stress.

While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s," she observes," it’s just .that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."
Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are ex- posed to combat stress. Men are exposed lo more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."
Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck."
Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez ’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

Which of the following would be the best title for the text（）

A:Strain of Stress: No Way Out B:Responses to Stress: Gender Difference C:Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say D:Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital. Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males. Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s," she observes," it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner." Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed lo more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating." Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck." Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women

A:need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress. B:have limited capacity for tolerating stress. C:are more capable of avoiding stress. D:are exposed to more stress.

While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital. Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males. Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s," she observes," it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner." Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed lo more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating." Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck." Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A:Strain of Stress: No Way Out? B:Responses to Stress: Gender Difference C:Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say D:Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

Stress makes a person want to stop whatever they are doing, try to relax, and become calm again. Too much stress results in physical, emotional, and mental health problems.
There are numerous physical effects of stress. Stress can affect the heart. It can increase the pulse rate, make the heart miss beats, and can cause high blood pressure. Stress can affect the respiratory system. It can lead to asthma. It can cause a person to breathe too fast, resulting in a loss of important carbon dioxide. Stress can affect the stomach. It can cause stomach aches and problems digesting food. These are only a few examples of the wide range of illnesses and symptoms resulting from stress.
Emotions are also easily affected by stress. People suffering from stress often feel anxious. They may have panic attacks. They may feel tired all the time. When people are under stress, they often overreact to little problems. For example, a normally gentle parent under a lot of stress at work may yell at a child for dropping a glass of juice. Stress can make people angry, moody, or nervous.
Long-term stress can lead to a variety of serious mental illnesses. Depression, an extreme feeling of sadness and hopelessness, can be the result of continued and increasing stress. Alcoholism and other addictions often develop as a result of overuse of alcohol or drugs to try to relieve stress. Eating disorders, such as anorexia, are sometimes caused by stress and are often made worse by stress. If stress is allowed to continue, then one’s mental health is put at risk.
It is obvious that stress is a serious problem. It attacks the body. So, reduce stress: stop the world and rest for a while.

Choose the best answer to explain how alcoholism is caused by stress.（）

A:alcohol is popular B:alcohol is similar to medicine C:alcohol is a chemical D:alcohol is used to relieve stress

Stress makes a person want to stop whatever they are doing, try to relax, and become calm again. Too much stress results in physical, emotional, and mental health problems.
There are numerous physical effects of stress. Stress can affect the heart. It can increase the pulse rate, make the heart miss beats, and can cause high blood pressure. Stress can affect the respiratory system. It can lead to asthma. It can cause a person to breathe too fast, resulting in a loss of important carbon dioxide. Stress can affect the stomach. It can cause stomach aches and problems digesting food. These are only a few examples of the wide range of illnesses and symptoms resulting from stress.
Emotions are also easily affected by stress. People suffering from stress often feel anxious. They may have panic attacks. They may feel tired all the time. When people are under stress, they often overreact to little problems. For example, a normally gentle parent under a lot of stress at work may yell at a child for dropping a glass of juice. Stress can make people angry, moody, or nervous.
Long-term stress can lead to a variety of serious mental illnesses. Depression, an extreme feeling of sadness and hopelessness, can be the result of continued and increasing stress. Alcoholism and other addictions often develop as a result of overuse of alcohol or drugs to try to relieve stress. Eating disorders, such as anorexia, are sometimes caused by stress and are often made worse by stress. If stress is allowed to continue, then one’s mental health is put at risk.
It is obvious that stress is a serious problem. It attacks the body. So, reduce stress: stop the world and rest for a while.

Choose the best answer to explain how alcoholism is caused by stress.（　）

A:alcohol is popular B:alcohol is similar to medicine C:alcohol is a chemical D:alcohol is used to relieve stress

Which of the following is NOT a correct view on stress?

A:Stress has both positive and negative aspects. B:Stress is only a positive reaction of the body to pressure. C:Stress is unavoidable as part of our nature, D:Stress only leads to serious problems.

? ?下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文，并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}

? ?How often do you sit still and do absolutely nothing? The usual answer these days is "never", or "hardly ever". As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, it is hard to slow down and unwind. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
? ?Stress is a natural part of everyday life. There is no way to avoid it, since it takes many and varied forms—driving in traffic, problems with personal relationships are all different forms of stress. Stress, in fact, is not the "baddy" as it is often reputed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. it is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to level performance and ill health.
? ?The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people thrive on stress, and such characters are obviously prime materials for managerial (管理的) responsibilities. Others crumple at the sight of unusual difficulties.
? ?When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we invoke the "fight" mechanism which in more primitive days made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however minimal the stress, it involves the same response. All the energy is diverted to cope with the stress, with the result that other functions, such as digestion, are neglected.
? ?It is when such reaction is prolonged, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease (冠心病) all have established links with stress. The way stress affects a per son also varies with the individual. Stress in some people produces stomach disorders, while others succumb to tension headaches. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it.

The sentence "Stress, in fact, is not the ’baddy’ as it is often reputed to be" (Para. 2) suggests that ______.

A:stress used to have a bad reputation of causing ill health B:we should not take it for granted that stress is unavoidable C:stress is not so terrible as people often believe it to be D:people do not think stress is as harmful as it was before

? ?下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文，并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}

? ?How often do you sit still and do absolutely nothing? The usual answer these days is "never", or "hardly ever". As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, it is hard to slow down and unwind. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
? ?Stress is a natural part of everyday life. There is no way to avoid it, since it takes many and varied forms—driving in traffic, problems with personal relationships are all different forms of stress. Stress, in fact, is not the "baddy" as it is often reputed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. it is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to level performance and ill health.
? ?The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people thrive on stress, and such characters are obviously prime materials for managerial (管理的) responsibilities. Others crumple at the sight of unusual difficulties.
? ?When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we invoke the "fight" mechanism which in more primitive days made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however minimal the stress, it involves the same response. All the energy is diverted to cope with the stress, with the result that other functions, such as digestion, are neglected.
? ?It is when such reaction is prolonged, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease (冠心病) all have established links with stress. The way stress affects a per son also varies with the individual. Stress in some people produces stomach disorders, while others succumb to tension headaches. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it.

What is the writer’s attitude to stress according to the passage?

A:Stress as well as relaxation are essential for a healthy mind and body. B:Stress produces both positive and negative effects to people. C:Stress should not be eliminated completely from the life. D:People usually work better under stress if they are healthy.