某年，由于气候原因，大豆减产，实际产量Q小于均衡产量Q，于是价格由P上升到P。由于商品价格较高，次年，生产者把产量增加到Q，大于均衡产量Q，价格又下跌到P，低于均衡价格P。价格降低后，农民又减少了种植面积，产量减至Q，小于均衡产量Q，价格上升为P，高于均衡价格P。由于价格的提高，产量又增至Q，高于均衡产量Q，价格又下降为P，低于均衡价格P。如此循环下去，得出下面图形： 根据材料回答下列问题：

［多选]在实际运用中，关于该模型E点的描述正确的是( )。

A:实际产量和实际价格的波动幅度越来越小，最后回复到E点 B:E所代表的均衡状态是稳定的 C:实际产量和价格波动幅度将越来越大，偏离均衡点E越来越远 D:E点所代表的均衡状态是不稳定的

A Strong Greenhouse Gas

1.Methane is a colorless, odorless gas; it is also a potent greenhouse gas, and once released into the atmosphere¹,it absorbs heat radiating from Earth"s surface. That"s why methane is a major contributor to the planet"s increasing temperature rise—or global warming. Molecule for molecule, methane"s heat-trapping power in the atmosphere is 21 times stronger than carbon dioxide²,the most abundant greenhouse gas.

2.With 13 billion cows belching almost constantly around the world(100 million in the U.S. alone),it"s no surprise that methane released by livestock is one of the chief global sources of the gas. Other prime methane sources: petroleum ,drilling, coal mining, solid-waste landfills and wetlands.

3.Greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide make up only a small part of Earth"s atmosphere, which is 78 percent nitrogen and nearly 21 percent oxygen. And without greenhouse gases to trap the sun"s heat and warm the planet, life was we know it couldn"t exist³.But in the last 200 years, human activity that requires burning oil, natural gas, and coal for energy has magnified the greenhouse effect.

4.Atmospheric concentrations of methane⁴ have more than doubled in the last two centuries. Blame for this often focuses on big industries and gas-guzzling vehicles. But agriculture plays a major role, too. In the past 40 years alone, the global cattle population has doubled.

5.Cows munch mostly grasses and hay—yet they grow big and hefty. Why? Because of the rumen. The rumen holds 160 liters of food and billions of microbes. These microscopic bacteria and protozoa break down cellulose and fiber into digestible nutrients. A cow couldn"t live without its microbes. As the microbes digest cellulose, they release methane. The process occurs in all animals with a rumen (cows, sheep, and goats, for example),and it makes them very gassy. It"s part of their normal digestion process. When they chew their cud, they regurgitate some food to rechew it, and all this gas comes out. the average cow expels 600 liters of methane a day.

6.That"s why we say livestock gas is also a major factor of causing the global warming.

 

词汇：

methane/ˈmiːθeɪn /n.甲烷

munch/mʌntʃ/ v. 用力咀嚼

odorless / ˈəudəlis /adj.无味的

hefty / ˈhefti /adj.健壮的

potent / ˈpəʊtənt /adj.强有力的

rumen /ˈru:men/n.瘤胃

belch /beltʃ/v.打嗝

protozoa n.原生动物（复数）

livestock / ˈlaɪvstɒk /n.家畜，牲畜

cellulose / ˈseljuləʊs /n.纤维素

landfill / "lændfɪl /n.埋填的废渣

nutrient / ˈnju:triənt /adj.有营养的

magnify / "mæɡnɪfaɪ /v.扩大

cud / kʌd /n.反刍的食物

guzzle / "ɡʌzl /v.大量消耗（燃料等）

regurgitate / rɪ"ɡɜ:dʒɪteɪt /v.反刍

 

注释：

1.once released into the atmosphere…：一旦（甲烷）释放到大气中……once released into the atmosphere相当于once methane is released into the atmosphere。

2.Molecule for molecule，molecule"s heat-trapping power in the atmosphere is 21 times stronger than carbon dioxide…：按分子与分子对比，甲烷在大气中吸热的能力比二氧化碳强20倍……介词for表示“对比或比例关系”。

3.without greenhouse gases…life as we know it couldn"t exist：没有温室气体……我们所知道的生命就不能生存。本句中，life是主语。as从句中的it指代life。

4.Atmospheric concentrations of methane：甲烷在大气中的浓度。

A one of the major contributors

B the ever-increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases

C big and hefty cows

D livestock"s normal digestion process

E how to cut down the cattle populations

F big industries and gas-guzzling vehicles

Methane is ___________ to the intensifying greenhouse effect.

A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F

下面对Effect应用的说法正确的是（）

A:在位图对象上可以应用Effect，但对路径对象却不能 B:在位图对象上应用Effect，通常只对位图对象的边缘有效 C:一个对象只能添加一种Effect D:可以将Effect保存起来以后调用

下列有关Effect菜单描述正确的是（）

A:Effect只对文字物体起作用，并不能改变文字物体中的文字规格 B:对一个物体只能施加一种效果 C:Effect菜单下的Distort命令和Filter菜单中的Distort命令是相同的 D:Effect菜单下列出的各项命令不但改变物体的外观属性，而且还改变物体的本身结构

Like the look of our website Whatever the answer, the chances are you made your mind up within the first twentieth of a second. A study by researchers in Canada has shown that the snap decisions Internet users make about the quality of a web page have a lasting impact on their opinions.
We all know that first impressions count, but this study shows that the brain can make flash judgments almost as fast as the eye can take in the information. "My colleagues believed it would be impossible to really see anything in less than 500 milliseconds," says Gitte Lindgaard of Carleton University in Ottawa. Instead they found that impressions were made in the first 50 milliseconds of viewing.
Lindgaard and her team presented volunteers with the briefest glimpses of web pages previously rated as being either easy on the eye or particularly unpleasant, and asked them to rate the websites on a sliding scale of visual appeal. Even though the images flashed up for just 50 milliseconds, roughly the duration of a single frame of standard television shot, their decisions tallied well with judgments made after a longer period of examination.
In the crowded and competitive world of the web, companies hoping to make millions from e-commerce should take notice." Unless the first impression is favorable, visitors will be out of your site before they even know that you might be offering more than your competitors," Lindgaard warns.
For a typical commercial website, 60% of traffic comes from search engines such as Google. This makes a user’s first impression even more critical. The lasting effect of first impressions is known to psychologists as the "halo effect": if you can snare people with an attractive design, they are more likely to overlook other minor faults with the site, and may rate its actual content more favorably.
This is because of "cognitive bias". People enjoy being right, so continuing to use a website that gave a good first impression helps to "prove" to themselves that they made a good initial decision. "It’s awfully scary stuff, but the tendency to jump to conclusions is far more widespread than we realize".
These days, enlightened web users want to see a "puritan" approach. It’s about getting information across in the quickest, simplest way possible. For this reason, many commercial websites now follow a fairly regular set of rules. For example, westerners tend to look at the top-left corner of a page first, so that’s where the company logo should go. And most users also expect to see a search function in the top right.
Of course, the other golden rule is to make sure that your web pages load quickly, otherwise your customers might not stick around long enough to make that coveted first impression. "That can be the difference between big business and no business".
The underlined phrase" halo effect" (Line 3, Paragraph 5) probably means ______

A:the effect to make people show understandings to faults and errors. B:the effect to bring to a good first impression to people. C:the effect to make people ignore small mistakes due to a fine impression. D:the effect to enable a website to look more beautiful.

Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1

The underlined phrase" halo effect" (Line 3, Paragraph 5) probably means ______

A:the effect to make people show understandings to faults and errors. B:the effect to bring to a good first impression to people. C:the effect to make people ignore small mistakes due to a fine impression. D:the effect to enable a website to look more beautiful.

? ?下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文，并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}

? ?Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results. We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer, what causes malnutrition, the decay of cities, or the decay of teeth. We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of sulphur of lead in the atmosphere, of oil spills and raw sewage in rivers and the sea, of staying up late on the night before an examination?
? ?Causal reasoning may go from cause to effect or from effect to cause. Either way, we reason from what we know to what we want to find out, Sometimes we reason from an effect to a cause and then on to another effect. Thus, if we reason that because the lights have gone out, the refrigerator won’t work, we first relate the effect (lights out) to the cause (power off) and then relate that cause to another effect (refrigerator not working). This kind of reasoning is calls, for short, effect to effect. It is quite common to reason through an extensive chain of causal relations. When the lights go out we might reason in the following causal chain: lights out—power off—refrigerator not working—temperature will rise—milk will sour. In other words, we diagnose a succession of effects from the power failure, each becoming the cause of the next.
? ?Causes are classified as necessary, sufficient, or contributory. A necessary cause is one which must be present for the effect to occur, as combustion is necessary to drive a gasoline engine. A sufficient cause is one which can produce an effect unaided, though there may be more than one sufficient cause: a dead battery is enough to keep a car from starting, but faulty spark plugs or an empty gas tank will have the same effect. A contributory cause is one which helps to produce an effect but cannot do so by itself, as running through a red light may. help cause an accident, though other factors--pedestrians or other cars in the intersection—must also be present.
? ?In establishing or refuting (驳倒) a causal relation it is usually necessary to show the process by which the alleged (所谓的) cause produces the effect. Such an explanation is called a causal process.

According to the passage, to do the "effect to effect" reasoning is to reason ______.

A:from cause to effect B:from effect to cause C:from effect to effect and on to cause D:from effect to cause and on to another effect

? ?下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文，并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}

? ?Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results. We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer, what causes malnutrition, the decay of cities, or the decay of teeth. We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of sulphur of lead in the atmosphere, of oil spills and raw sewage in rivers and the sea, of staying up late on the night before an examination?
? ?Causal reasoning may go from cause to effect or from effect to cause. Either way, we reason from what we know to what we want to find out, Sometimes we reason from an effect to a cause and then on to another effect. Thus, if we reason that because the lights have gone out, the refrigerator won’t work, we first relate the effect (lights out) to the cause (power off) and then relate that cause to another effect (refrigerator not working). This kind of reasoning is calls, for short, effect to effect. It is quite common to reason through an extensive chain of causal relations. When the lights go out we might reason in the following causal chain: lights out—power off—refrigerator not working—temperature will rise—milk will sour. In other words, we diagnose a succession of effects from the power failure, each becoming the cause of the next.
? ?Causes are classified as necessary, sufficient, or contributory. A necessary cause is one which must be present for the effect to occur, as combustion is necessary to drive a gasoline engine. A sufficient cause is one which can produce an effect unaided, though there may be more than one sufficient cause: a dead battery is enough to keep a car from starting, but faulty spark plugs or an empty gas tank will have the same effect. A contributory cause is one which helps to produce an effect but cannot do so by itself, as running through a red light may. help cause an accident, though other factors--pedestrians or other cars in the intersection—must also be present.
? ?In establishing or refuting (驳倒) a causal relation it is usually necessary to show the process by which the alleged (所谓的) cause produces the effect. Such an explanation is called a causal process.

A necessary cause is ______.

A:one without which it is impossible for the effect to occur B:one of the causes that can produce the effect C:one that is enough to make the effect occur D:none of them