In one very long sentence, the introduction to the U. N. Charter expresses the ideals and the common aims of all the people whose governments joined together to form the U. N.
"We, the people of the U. N. , determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war which twice in our lifetime has brought untold suffering to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations, large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and for these ends, to practise tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all peoples, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims."
The name "United Nations" is accredited to U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the first group of representatives of member States met and signed a declaration of common intent on New Year’s Day in 1942. Representatives of five powers worked together to draw up proposals, completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944. These proposals, modified after deliberation at the conference on International Organization in San Francisco which began in April 1945, were finally agreed on and signed as the U.N. Charter by 50 countries on 26 June 1945. Poland, not represented at the conference, signed the Charter later and was added to the list of original members. It was not until that autumn, however, after the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the U. S. S. R. U. , the U.K. and the U. S. and by a majority of the other participants that the U. N. officially came into existence. The date was 24 October, now universally celebrated as United Nations Day.
The essential functions of the U. N. are to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate internationally in solving international economic, social, cultural and human problems, promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and to be a centre for co-ordinating the actions of nations on attaining these common ends.
No country takes precedence over another in the U. N. Each member’s rights and obligations are the same. All must contribute to the peaceful settlement of international dispute, and members have pledged to refrain from the threat or use of force against other states.
Under its Charter, the first stated aim of the U.N. was

A:to promote social progress B:to prevent a third world war C:to revise international laws D:to maintain international peace

In one very long sentence, the introduction to the U. N. Charter expresses the ideals and the common aims of all the people whose governments joined together to form the U. N.
"We, the people of the U. N. , determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war which twice in our lifetime has brought untold suffering to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations, large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and for these ends, to practise tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all peoples, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims."
The name "United Nations" is accredited to U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the first group of representatives of member States met and signed a declaration of common intent on New Year’s Day in 1942. Representatives of five powers worked together to draw up proposals, completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944. These proposals, modified after deliberation at the conference on International Organization in San Francisco which began in April 1945, were finally agreed on and signed as the U.N. Charter by 50 countries on 26 June 1945. Poland, not represented at the conference, signed the Charter later and was added to the list of original members. It was not until that autumn, however, after the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the U. S. S. R. U. , the U.K. and the U. S. and by a majority of the other participants that the U. N. officially came into existence. The date was 24 October, now universally celebrated as United Nations Day.
The essential functions of the U. N. are to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate internationally in solving international economic, social, cultural and human problems, promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and to be a centre for co-ordinating the actions of nations on attaining these common ends.
No country takes precedence over another in the U. N. Each member’s rights and obligations are the same. All must contribute to the peaceful settlement of international dispute, and members have pledged to refrain from the threat or use of force against other states.

Under its Charter, the first stated aim of the U.N. was（）

A:to promote social progress B:to prevent a third world war C:to revise international laws D:to maintain international peace

Passage Two
Eye contact is a nonverbal technique that helps the speaker "sell" his or her ideas to an audience. Besides its persuasive powers, eye contact helps hold listeners’ interest. A successful speaker must maintain eye contact with an audience. To have good rapport (关系) with listeners, a speaker should maintain direct eye contact for at least 75 percent of the time. Some speakers focus exclusively on their notes. Others gaze over the heads of their listeners. Both are likely to lose audience interest and esteem. People who maintain eye contact while speaking, whether from a podium (演讲台) or from across the table are "regarded not only as exceptionally well-disposed by their target but also as more believable and earnest."
To show the potency of eye contact in daily life, we have only to consider how passersby behave when their glances happen to meet on the street. At one extreme are those people who feel obliged to smile when they make eye contact. At the other extreme are those who feel awkward and immediately look away. To make eye contact, it seems, is to make a certain link with someone.
Eye contact with an audience also lets a speaker know and monitor the listeners. It is, in fact, essential for analyzing an audience during a speech. Visual cues (暗示) from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation. As we have pointed out, visual feedback from listeners should play an important role in shaping a speech as it is delivered.

According to the passage, a good speaker must （）

A:"sell" his or her ideas to an audience B:maintain direct eye contact with listeners C:be very persuasive and believable D:be exceptionally well-disposed

This lecture will give you advice on how to stay healthy. It will cover ten ways to stay healthy.
First, exercise every day. Exercise will help you to maintain your weight. It will also help you to prevent health problems such as cancer and heart disease. Finally, exercise makes you feel good! So get a little exercise every day.
Second, get enough sleep. Most people don’ t get enough sleep. But sleep helps you to think clearly and do good work. Your body needs to rest. Then you have energy to do your best. So try to sleep at least seven or eight hours every night.
Third, eat green things. All green food is good for you. For example, spinach, broccoli, green beans, artichokes, kale, cabbage, green apples, and grapes. Fruits and vegetables are very important to your health. So eat some green things today!
Fourth, don’t smoke. Smoking causes cancer and other diseases. It can hurt your friends and family when you smoke. It costs a lot of money. So don’ t smoke.
Fifth, don’ t drink a lot of alcohol. Alcohol can cause a lot of problems. Many car accidents are caused by alcohol. Alcohol can make you overweight. So drink a little if you like, but don’ t drink a lot.
Sixth, wear a seat belt. Many people are injured or killed because they aren’t weanng a seat belt. Don’ t drive with anyone who is not wearing a seat belt. And make sure your passengers are all wearing a set belt before you drive. Buckle up!
Seventh, drink lots of water. Everyone should drink 6 - 8 glasses of water every day. Your body needs water to work well. Water also has no calories. People who dIjnk a lot of water don’ t feel as hungry. So drink up!
Eighth, visit your doctor for regular checkups. During a checkup your doctor can give you tests and check your health. Many serious health problems are found during a regular checkup. So don’ t go to the doctor only when you are sick. See the doctor once a year for a checkup.
Ninth, reduce stress. Stress causes many serious health problems. It affects your personal and professional lives. Try to have less stress in your life. Relax more! Stress less.
Tenth, spend time with friends and family. We all need to enjoy our life with others. Your friends and family will make you feel good. If you feel good, you will stay healthy! So make time for your loved ones.
According to the passage, exercise can help you do an the following but

A:maintain your weight. B:prevent health problems. C:stay in good mood. D:Look goo

This lecture will give you advice on how to stay healthy. It will cover ten ways to stay healthy.
First, exercise every day. Exercise will help you to maintain your weight. It will also help you to prevent health problems such as cancer and heart disease. Finally, exercise makes you feel good! So get a little exercise every day.
Second, get enough sleep. Most people don’ t get enough sleep. But sleep helps you to think clearly and do good work. Your body needs to rest. Then you have energy to do your best. So try to sleep at least seven or eight hours every night.
Third, eat green things. All green food is good for you. For example, spinach, broccoli, green beans, artichokes, kale, cabbage, green apples, and grapes. Fruits and vegetables are very important to your health. So eat some green things today!
Fourth, don’t smoke. Smoking causes cancer and other diseases. It can hurt your friends and family when you smoke. It costs a lot of money. So don’ t smoke.
Fifth, don’ t drink a lot of alcohol. Alcohol can cause a lot of problems. Many car accidents are caused by alcohol. Alcohol can make you overweight. So drink a little if you like, but don’ t drink a lot.
Sixth, wear a seat belt. Many people are injured or killed because they aren’t weanng a seat belt. Don’ t drive with anyone who is not wearing a seat belt. And make sure your passengers are all wearing a set belt before you drive. Buckle up!
Seventh, drink lots of water. Everyone should drink 6 - 8 glasses of water every day. Your body needs water to work well. Water also has no calories. People who dIjnk a lot of water don’ t feel as hungry. So drink up!
Eighth, visit your doctor for regular checkups. During a checkup your doctor can give you tests and check your health. Many serious health problems are found during a regular checkup. So don’ t go to the doctor only when you are sick. See the doctor once a year for a checkup.
Ninth, reduce stress. Stress causes many serious health problems. It affects your personal and professional lives. Try to have less stress in your life. Relax more! Stress less.
Tenth, spend time with friends and family. We all need to enjoy our life with others. Your friends and family will make you feel good. If you feel good, you will stay healthy! So make time for your loved ones.
According to the passage, enough sleep helps one to

A:think clearly. B:maintain weight. C:save money. D:work for longer hours.

Software design is a (46) process. It requires a certain amount of fl air on the part of the (47) . Design can not be learned from a book . It must be practiced and learnt by experience and study of existing systems. A well (48) software system is straightforward to implement and maintain , easily (49) and reliable. Badly (48) software systems, although they may work are (50) to be expensive to maintain , difficult to test and unreliable.

A:maintain B:maintains C:maintaining D:maintained

The primary advantages of a Client/Server system arise from splitting the processing between the client system and the database server. Since the bulk of the database processing is done on the back-end, the speed of the DBMS isn’t tied to the speed of the (31) .
The major disadvantage of Client/Server system is the increased cost of (32) and support personnel who maintain the database server. There is also the issue of (33) with so many parts comprising the entire C/S system; Murphy’s Law can kick in-the more pieces that compose the system, the more pieces that can fail. It’s also harder to track down problems when the system (34) . And it can initially take longer to get all the components set up and working together. All this is compounded by the general lack of experience and expertise of potential support personnel and programmers, due to the relative newness of the technology. As C/S system become more common, this problem should abate.
Therefore the C/S system is more (35) .

（35）是（）

A:efficient and easy to setup B:efficient and robust C:efficient but difficult to maintain D:robust but difficult to setup

The primary advantages of a Client/Server system arise from splitting the processing between the client system and the database server. Since the bulk of the database processing is done on the back-end, the speed of the DBMS isn’t tied to the speed of the (31) .
The major disadvantage of Client/Server system is the increased cost of (32) and support personnel who maintain the database server. There is also the issue of (33) with so many parts comprising the entire C/S system; Murphy’s Law can kick in-the more pieces that compose the system, the more pieces that can fail. It’s also harder to track down problems when the system (34) . And it can initially take longer to get all the components set up and working together. All this is compounded by the general lack of experience and expertise of potential support personnel and programmers, due to the relative newness of the technology. As C/S system become more common, this problem should abate.
Therefore the C/S system is more (35) .

A:efficient and easy to setup B:efficient and robust C:efficient but difficult to maintain D:robust but difficult to setup