Disease I Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention
Disease may be defined as the abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is not capable of carrying on1 all its required functions. There are marked variations in the extent of the disease and in its effect on the person.
In order to treat a disease, the doctor obviously must first determine the nature of the illness —that is, make a diagnosis2. A diagnosis is the conclusion drawn from a number of facts put together. The doctor must know the symptoms, which are the changes in body function felt by the patient; and the signs (also called objective symptoms) which the doctor himself can observe. Sometimes a characteristic group of signs (or symptoms) accompanied a given disease. Such a group is called a syndrome. Frequently certain laboratory tests are performed and the results evaluated3 by the physician in making his diagnosis.
Although nurses do not diagnose, they play an extremely valuable role in this process by observing closely for signs, encouraging the patient to talk about himself and his symptoms, and then reporting this information to the doctor. Once the patient’s disorder is known, the doctor prescribes a course of treatment, also referred to as therapy4. Many measures in this course of treatment are carried out by the nurse under the physician’s orders.
In recent years physicians, nurses and other health workers have taken on increasing responsibilities in prevention5. Throughout most of medical history, the physician’s aim has been to cure a patient of an existing disease6. However, the modern concept of prevention seeks to stop disease before it actually happens — to keep people well through the promotion of health. A vast number of organizations exist for this purpose, ranging from the World Health Organization (WHO) on an international level down to local private and community health programs7. A rapidly growing responsibility of the nursing profession is educating individual patients toward the maintenance of total health — physical and mental.
词汇：
marked / mɑ:kt/ adj.显着的
syndrome /"sɪndrəʊm/ n. 综合征，症候群
symptom /"sɪmptəm/ n.症候，症状
therapy /"θerəpɪ/ n.疗法，治疗
sign /saɪn/ n. 病体；体征
注释：
1.carry sth. on：继续；进行；维持下去
2.make a diagnosis：做出诊断
3....the results evaluated…：此句中在evaluated之前省略了与前面are performed相同的助动词are。
4.also referred to as therapy：也被称为疗法（过去分词短语作a course of treatment的定语）refer to...：谈及，提及refer to sth. /sb. as...：把……称为……例如：Don’t refer to the matter again.不要再提这件事了。We refer to such a science as physiology.我们把这样一门科学称为生理学。
Don’t refer to your brother as a silly cow.不要把你兄弟说成是头笨牛。
5.have taken on increasing responsibilities in prevention：在预防方面承担越来越多的责任take sth. on：承担，接受You have taken on too much.你承担的工作太多了。
6.to cure a patient of an existing disease：治疗病人的现有疾病cure sb. of...：给某人治疗（或治愈）某病 例如：This medicine should cure you of your cold.此药准能治好你的感冒。
7.ranging from... health programs：从国际这一级的世界卫生组织一直到下面地区的私人和社区医疗机构（现在分词短语作状语）range from... to...：从……到……的范围（分布或变动）The children’s ages range from 5 to 15.这些孩子小的5岁，大的15岁。Its prices range from twenty to thirty dollars.价钱从20美元到30美元不等。
A syndrome refers to a complex of signs and/or symptoms typical of a specific disease
A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
While looking for a‘ typical’ village the writer found ______.
A:he was searching for the impossible B:all the villages were exactly the same C:the villagers made him feel confused D:the villagers asked him a lot of questions
? ?下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1 个最佳选项。
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? {{B}}The Hyper-X{{/B}}
? ?The
Hyper-X (超音速飞机) recently broke the record for air-breathing jet planes when it
traveled at a Hypersonic speed (超音速) of seven times the speed of sound. That’s
about 5,000 miles per hour: At this speed, you’d get around the world -flying
along the equator (赤道) - in less than 5 hours.
? ?The Hyper-X is an
unmanned, experimental aircraft just 12 feet long. It achieves hypersonic speed
using a special sort of engine known as a scramjet (超音速冲压式喷气发动机).
?
?For an engine to burn fuel and produce energy, it needs oxygen. A jet
engine, like those on passenger airplanes, gets oxygen from the air. A rocket
engine typically goes faster but has to carry its own supply of oxygen. A
scramjet engine goes as fast as a rocket, but it doesn’t have to carry its own
oxygen supply.
? ?A scramjet’s special design allows it to obtain
oxygen from the air that flows through the engine. And it does so without
letting the fast-moving air put out the combustion (燃烧) flames. However, a
scramjet engine works properly only at speeds greater than five times the speed
of sound.
? ?A booster rocket (助推火箭) carried the Hyper-X to an
altitude of about 100,000 feet for its test flight. The aircraft’s
record-beating flight lasted just 11 seconds. That brief journey on March 27
makes a major milestone on the way to a new breed of very fast airplanes, says
Werner J. A. Dahm of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. In the future,
engineers predict, airplanes equipped with scramjet engines could transport
cargo quickly and cheaply to the brink (边缘) of space. Such hypersonic jets could
carry passengers anywhere in the world in just a few hours.
? ?Out
of the three experimental Hyper-X aircrafts built for NASA, only one is now
left. The agency has plans for another 11 -second hypersonic flight, this time
at 10 times the speed of sound. |
What does NASA plan to do?
A:To build one more Hyper-X aircraft B:To carry out three more Hyper-X experiments C:To make the aircraft fly higher and longer D:To test another hypersonic flight at 10 times the speed of sound
This is not typical of English, but is a (feature) of the Chinese language.
A:particular B:characteristic C:remarkable D:idiomatic
The typical firewall consists of two packet filters and a (an) （）
A:router B:bridge C:application D:server
The typical firewall consists of two packet filters and a (an)（）
A:router B:bridge C:application D:server
The typical firewall consists of two packet filters and a (an)
A:router B:bridge C:application D:server
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