A 　　Among the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundred of title are published every year and are read by all kind of people .Furthermore ,some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories. 　　It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature , but it`s ancestors can be found in books written hundred of years ago . These books were ofter concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still often found in modern stories. 　　Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been within the last hundred years.Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G.Wells, to mention just two well-know authors, have been translated into many languages. Modern science fiction writers don`s write about men from Mars or space adventures stores.They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind : or in imagining future worlds which are reflection of the world which we live in now. Bceause of this their writing has obviously political undertones. 　　In an age where science fact frequently overrakes science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Thouse who are sufficiently clearsighed to see the way we are going ,however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.According to the passage, we know that（ ）.

A:science fiction is a fairly new development in literature B:science fiction is a fairly new development in literature C:the science fiction usually has obviously political undertones D:modern science fiction usually has obviously political moderones

Text 4
By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven out of ten adults in the world were considered literate. The increase in literacy from ancient times to the present has not been a story of unbroken progress. The ability of people within a given society to read and write has been influenced by a number of factors, including economic well-being, the availability of material to read, the amount of education available, and the basic matter of the usefulness of reading.
Of these factors, usefulness has probably been the most decisive. In ancient societies, as people settled into stable patterns of agriculture and trade, it became useful for some of them to read and write in order to keep records, to transact business, and to measure amounts of land, animals, goods, materials, and produce. Since all economic aspects of a society were closely tied to the operations of government, literacy became useful and even necessary for the keeping of records by officials. The responsibilities of citizenship led to a fairly high level of literacy in ancient Greece and Rome, but in addition to that, there also grew an appreciation of good literature, poetry, drama, history, and philosophy.
During the early Middle Ages, with the general breakdown of society in Europe and the decrease of commerce, literacy became largely confined to the church. But in the late Middle Ages, in the period of the Renaissance, the great expansion of commerce and banking led to a revival in literacy for the same reason that had caused it to increase in the ancient world -- usefulness.
With the invention of the printing press and inexpensive paper late in the 15th century there was for the first time a great availability of reading material for a much greater number of people. Religious reformers were among the first to utilize the situation, quickly getting translations of the Bible and educational tracts and booklets into the hands of many people.
The broadened religious enlightenment that resulted was followed in later centuries by a political one. Political theorists who favored doctrines promoting the natural rights of man called for an attack upon illiteracy. Political revolutions, particularly in the United States and France, helped inaugurate an era in which all classes were called upon to become informed on public policy for their own welfare. Against this political background there emerged the movement for universal popular education. Literacy came to be understood as a means whereby the individual could benefit and advance,* and gradually whole societies began to acknowledge that universal literacy among their citizens was an avenue to greater economic well-being.

A:It is fairly easy to determine literacy B:There is no illiteracy in a rich country C:History sees an even progress towards literacy D:In history literacy suffers ups and downs

The willingness of doctors at several major medical centers to apologize .to patients for harmful errors is a promising step toward improving the rather disappointing quality of a medical system that kills tens of thousands of innocent patients a year inadvertently.
For years, experts have lamented that medical malpractice litigation is an inefficient way to deter lethal or damaging medical errors. What they noticed, simply put it, is that most victims of malpractice never sue, and there is some evidence that many patients who do sue were not harmed by a physician’s error but instead suffered an adverse medical outcome that could not have been prevented. The details of what went wrong are often kept secret as part of a settlement agreement.
What is needed, many specialists agree, is a system that quickly brings an error to light so that further errors can be headed off and that compensates victims promptly and fairly. Many doctors, unfortunately, have been afraid that admitting and describing their errors would only invite a costly lawsuit.
Now, as described by Kevin Sack in The Times, a handful of prominent academic medical centers have adopted a new policy of promptly disclosing errors, offering earnest apologies and providing fair compensation. It appears to satisfy many patients, reduce legal costs and the litigation burden and, in some instances, helps reduce malpractice premiums. Here are some examples from colleges of the United States: at the University of Illinois, of 37 cases where the hospital acknowledged a preventable error and apologized, only one patient filed suit; at the University of Michigan Health System, existing claims and lawsuits dropped from 262 in August 2001 to 83 in August 2007, and legal costs fell by two-thirds.
To encourage greater candor, more than 30 states have enacted laws making apologies for medical errors inadmissible in court. That sounds like a sensible step that should be adopted by other states or become federal law. Such laws could help bring more errors to light. Patients who have been harmed by negligent doctors can still sue for malpractice, using other evidence to make their case.
Admitting errors is only the first step toward reforming the health care system so that far fewer mistakes are made. But reforms can be more effective if doctors are candid about how they went astray. Patients seem far less angry when they receive an. honest explanation, an apology and prompt, fair compensation for the harm they have suffered.
While many specialties call for a disclosure mechanism, some physicians are worrying about______.

A:exposure to the media B:describing their mistakes in details C:compensating victims promptly and fairly D:involvement in an expensive civil case

Passage One
It was a very happy family. The life was fairly well-off. Father, Leopold, was a music master in Austria. Mother was warm-hearted. There were two children, Marianne, a schoolgirl, and little Wolfgang, a child not quite four years old. Marianne was learning to play the piano, and day after day Leopold stood behind her as she practised. How patient her father was, and how cleverly he showed Maricanne how to play some particularly difficult pieces! She was making progress, very good progress, and that was excellent. And there, almost lost in the big chair, sat Wolfgang, who never had to be told to keep quiet when Marianne’s shoulder, saying she had done well. At that moment Wolfgang climbed on his father’s knee and begged to be allowed to play the pretty piece Marianne had now mastered. What a joke that was! Picking up his baby son, Leopold laughed and said, "Look at your hands. You must wait, little man!"
There was no end of fun during tea, and Marianne had to tell her mother about Wolfgang wanting to play a difficult piece. When the meal was finished, Marianne helped to clear away the dishes. Suddenly Leopold got up. "Listen!" said he in a surprised voice. "Listen!" "Marianne is playing the piece better than ever!"
But Marianne was washing dishes in the kitchen.
His wife following, Leopold walked quietly upstairs, the lamp in one hand, his music book in the other. He pushed open the door, and there was little Wolfgang playing in the darkness. "I love it." whispered the child.
It was the beginning of Mozart’s life of music.

A:poor B:fairly rich C:very wealthy D:extremely rich

A 　　Among the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundred of title are published every year and are read by all kind of people .Furthermore ,some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories. 　　It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature , but it`s ancestors can be found in books written hundred of years ago . These books were ofter concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still often found in modern stories. 　　Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been within the last hundred years.Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G.Wells, to mention just two well-know authors, have been translated into many languages. Modern science fiction writers don`s write about men from Mars or space adventures stores.They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind : or in imagining future worlds which are reflection of the world which we live in now. Bceause of this their writing has obviously political undertones. 　　In an age where science fact frequently overrakes science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Thouse who are sufficiently clearsighed to see the way we are going ,however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.According to the passage, we know that（ ）.

A:science fiction is a fairly new development in literature B:science fiction is a fairly new development in literature C:the science fiction usually has obviously political undertones D:modern science fiction usually has obviously political moderones

A 　　Among the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundred of title are published every year and are read by all kind of people .Furthermore ,some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories. 　　It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature , but it`s ancestors can be found in books written hundred of years ago . These books were ofter concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still often found in modern stories. 　　Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been within the last hundred years.Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G.Wells, to mention just two well-know authors, have been translated into many languages. Modern science fiction writers don`s write about men from Mars or space adventures stores.They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind : or in imagining future worlds which are reflection of the world which we live in now. Bceause of this their writing has obviously political undertones. 　　In an age where science fact frequently overrakes science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Thouse who are sufficiently clearsighed to see the way we are going ,however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.According to the passage, we know that（ ）.

A:science fiction is a fairly new development in literature B:science fiction is a fairly new development in literature C:the science fiction usually has obviously political undertones D:modern science fiction usually has obviously political moderones

A 　　Among the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundred of title are published every year and are read by all kind of people .Furthermore ,some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories. 　　It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature , but it`s ancestors can be found in books written hundred of years ago . These books were ofter concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still often found in modern stories. 　　Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been within the last hundred years.Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G.Wells, to mention just two well-know authors, have been translated into many languages. Modern science fiction writers don`s write about men from Mars or space adventures stores.They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind : or in imagining future worlds which are reflection of the world which we live in now. Bceause of this their writing has obviously political undertones. 　　In an age where science fact frequently overrakes science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Thouse who are sufficiently clearsighed to see the way we are going ,however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.According to the passage, we know that（ ）.

A:science fiction is a fairly new development in literature B:science fiction is a fairly new development in literature C:the science fiction usually has obviously political undertones D:modern science fiction usually has obviously political moderones