Text 1
Fossils are the remains and traces ( such as footprints or other marks) of ancient plant and animal life that are more than 10,000 years old. They range in size from microscopic structures to dinosaur skeletons and complete bodies of enormous animals. Skeletons of extinct species of humans are also considered fossils.
An environment favorable to the growth and later preservation of organisms is required for the occurrence of fossils. Two conditions are almost always present: (1) The possession of hard parts, either internal or external, such as bones, teeth, skulls, shells, and wood; these parts remain after the rest of the organism has decayed. Organisms that lack hard parts, such as worms and jellyfish, have left few geologic records. (2) Quick burial of the dead organism, so that protection is afforded against weathering, bacterial action, etc.
Nature provides many situations in which the remains of animals and plants are protected against destruction. Of these, marine sediment is by far the most important environment for the preservation of fossils, owing to the incredible richness of marine life. The beds of former lakes are also productive sources of fossils. The rapidly accumulating sediments in the channels, floodplains, and deltas of streams bury fresh-water organisms, along with land plants and animals that fall into the water. The beautifully preserved fossil fish from the Green River oil shale of Wyoming in the western United States lived in a vast shallow lake.
The arctic ground in the far north acts as a remarkable preservative for animal fossils. The woolly mammoth, a long-haired mammal, and other mammals have been periodically exposed in the area of Siberia, the hair and red flesh still frozen in cold storage.
Volcanoes often provide environments favorable to fossil preservation. Extensive falls of volcanic ash and coarser particles overwhelm and bury all forms of life, from flying insects to great trees.
Caves have preserved the bones of many animals that died in them and were subsequently buried under a blanket of clay or a cover of dripstone. Predatory animals and early humans alike sought shelter in caves and brought food to them to be eaten, leaving bones that have been discovered.

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be found as a fossil, assuming that all are buried rapidly（）

A:A worm. B:A shark. C:An elephant. D:A human ancestor.

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 Points) Text 1 Fossils are the remains and traces ( such as footprints or other marks) of ancient plant and animal life that are more than 10,000 years old. They range in size from microscopic structures to dinosaur skeletons and complete bodies of enormous animals. Skeletons of extinct species of humans are also considered fossils. An environment favorable to the growth and later preservation of organisms is required for the occurrence of fossils. Two conditions are almost always present: (1) The possession of hard parts, either internal or external, such as bones, teeth, skulls, shells, and wood; these parts remain after the rest of the organism has decayed. Organisms that lack hard parts, such as worms and jellyfish, have left few geologic records. (2) Quick burial of the dead organism, so that protection is afforded against weathering, bacterial action, etc. Nature provides many situations in which the remains of animals and plants are protected against destruction. Of these, marine sediment is by far the most important environment for the preservation of fossils, owing to the incredible richness of marine life. The beds of former lakes are also productive sources of fossils. The rapidly accumulating sediments in the channels, floodplains, and deltas of streams bury fresh-water organisms, along with land plants and animals that fall into the water. The beautifully preserved fossil fish from the Green River oil shale of Wyoming in the western United States lived in a vast shallow lake. The arctic ground in the far north acts as a remarkable preservative for animal fossils. The woolly mammoth, a long-haired mammal, and other mammals have been periodically exposed in the area of Siberia, the hair and red flesh still frozen in cold storage. Volcanoes often provide environments favorable to fossil preservation. Extensive falls of volcanic ash and coarser particles overwhelm and bury all forms of life, from flying insects to great trees. Caves have preserved the bones of many animals that died in them and were subsequently buried under a blanket of clay or a cover of dripstone. Predatory animals and early humans alike sought shelter in caves and brought food to them to be eaten, leaving bones that have been discovered.

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be found as a fossil, assuming that all are buried rapidly（）

A:A worm. B:A shark. C:An elephant. D:A human ancestor.

Kite
Kite flying is the sport of sending up into the air, by means of the wind, a light frame covered with paper, plastic or doth. The frame can be one of many different shapes and is attached to a long string held in the hand or wound on a drum. Kites have a long history practical application and many different types of kite have been developed to serve various purposes.
The ancient Chinese used bird-kites to carry ropes across rivers and valleys. The current folding kite which will dive excitingly is an improved type of such a kite. With its long flat body and single pair of bird like wings, it looks just like a large bird in the air. The modern version is usually made of tissue paper rather than the traditional silk.
Man-lifting kites were developed in ancient times, again by the Chinese, for getting information from walled cities and army camps. In fact, as recently as World War Ⅱ, German U-boats flew kites from their towers to lift people into the air to watch the land. These kites, which are no longer in existence, were made of lightweight cloth. They were much larger and stronger than the Chinese ones. Their design, however, was simply that of the cutter kite. Smaller in size, this type of kite is still very popular as a toy for children, being easy to make with a diamond-shaped frame, no wings and brown-paper covering.
Box kites are another type of kite found in toy shops today. The first box kite, named for its box-like body, was developed in the 19th century to test theories of flight and this type of cotton-covered kite greatly assisted the success of early airplanes. These kites are the ancestors of a heavier version of the box kite, called the double box kite, which consists of two main sections, placed side by side. Developed for the peacetime purpose of fishing in strong sea wind, it is the only modern kite described which has practical value. A long-lasting plastic material has to be used for this kite, which carries fishing lines.

Which of the following statements is NOT true（　）

A:The frame of a kite is attached to a long string held in the hand or wound on a drum. B:The ancestor of the double box-shaped body had three wings. C:The cutter kite has a diamond-shaped body had no wings. D:The current folding kite is developed to test theories of flight.

{{B}}第三篇{{/B}}

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A:The frame of a kite is attached to a long string held in the hand or wound on a drum. B:The ancestor of the double box-shaped body had three wings. C:The cutter kite has a diamond-shaped body had no wings. D:The current folding kite is developed to test theories of flight.

The new dentist is much better than his {{U}}predecessor{{/U}}.

A:his previous boss B:his ancestor C:the previous dentist D:his forefather

Kite flying is the sport of sending up into the air, by means of the wind, a light frame covered with paper, plastic or cloth. The flame can be one of many different shapes and is attached to a long string held in the hand or wound on a drum. Kites have a long history of practical application and many different types of kite have been developed to serve various purposes.
The ancient Chinese used bird - kites to carry ropes across rivers and valleys. The current folding kite which will dive excitingly is an improved type of such a kite. With its long flat body and single pair of bird - like wings, it looks just like a large bird in the air. The modern version is usually made of tissue - paper rather than the traditional silk:
Man - lifting kites were developed in ancient times, again by the Chinese, for getting information from walled cities and army camps. In fact, as recently as WWII, German U -boats flew kites from their towers to lift people into the air to watch the land. These kites, which are no longer in existence, were made of light - weight cloth. They were much larger and stronger than the Chinese ones. Their design, however, was simply that of the cutter kite. Smaller in size, this type of kite is still very popular as a toy for children, being easy to make with a diamond - shaped frame, no wings and brown - paper covering.
Box - kites are another type of kite found in toy shops today. The first box - kite, named for its box - like body, was developed in the nineteenth century to test theories of flight and this type of cotton- covered kite greatly assisted the success of early airplane. These kites are the ancestors of a heavier version of the box - kite, which consists of two main sections, placed side by side. Developed for the peacetime purpose of fishing in strong sea wind, it is the only modern kite described which has practical value. A long - lasting plastic material has to be used for this kite, which carries fishing lines.
Which of the following statements is not true

A:The frame of a kite is attached to long string held in the hand or wound on drum. B:The ancestor of the double box - kite. C:The cutter kite has a diamond - shaped body but no wings. D:The current folding kite is developed to test theories of flight.

The Sun Dance is considered by many to be the most spectacular {{U}}ritual{{/U}} of the North American Plains Indians.

A:ceremony B:ancestor C:scene D:costume

In looking at the class structure of an entire system, we may find that its inheritance (1) is either wide and shallow, narrow and deep, or balanced. Class structures that are wide and shallow usually represent forests of (2) classes that can be mixed and matched. Class structures that are narrow and deep represent trees of classes that are related by a common ancestor. There are advantages and disadvantages to each approach. Forests of classes are more loosely (3) , but they may not exploit all the commonality that exists. Trees of classes exploit this commonality, so that individual classes are smaller than in forests. However, to understand a particular class, it is usually necessary to understand the meaning of all the classes it inherits from or uses. The proper shape of a class structure is highly problem-dependent.
We must make similar trade-offs among inheritance, aggregation, and using relation- ships. For example, should the class Car inherit, contain, or use the classes named Engine and Wheel In this case, we suggest that an (4) relationship is more appropriate than inheritance relationship. Meyer states that between the class A and B," (5) is appropriate if every instance of B may also be viewed as an instance of A. The client relationship is appropriate when every instance of B simply possesses one or more attributes of A". From another perspective, if the behavior of an object is more than the sum of its individual parts, then creating an aggregation relationship rather than an inheritance relationship between the appropriate classes is probably superior.
(2)

A:free-standing B:alone C:only D:lonely

In looking at the class structure of an entire system, we may find that its inheritance (1) is either wide and shallow, narrow and deep, or balanced. Class structures that are wide and shallow usually represent forests of (2) classes that can be mixed and matched. Class structures that are narrow and deep represent trees of classes that are related by a common ancestor. There are advantages and disadvantages to each approach. Forests of classes are more loosely (3) , but they may not exploit all the commonality that exists. Trees of classes exploit this commonality, so that individual classes are smaller than in forests. However, to understand a particular class, it is usually necessary to understand the meaning of all the classes it inherits from or uses. The proper shape of a class structure is highly problem-dependent.
We must make similar trade-offs among inheritance, aggregation, and using relation- ships. For example, should the class Car inherit, contain, or use the classes named Engine and Wheel In this case, we suggest that an (4) relationship is more appropriate than inheritance relationship. Meyer states that between the class A and B," (5) is appropriate if every instance of B may also be viewed as an instance of A. The client relationship is appropriate when every instance of B simply possesses one or more attributes of A". From another perspective, if the behavior of an object is more than the sum of its individual parts, then creating an aggregation relationship rather than an inheritance relationship between the appropriate classes is probably superior.
(3)

A:dispersive B:cohesion C:coupled D:close-knit