Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk

    Fast food outlets could¹ provide statin drugs free of     1     so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London²     2      in a new

study．

    Statins reduce the      3      of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol³ in the blood. A wealth of trial data⁴ has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack      4      .

    In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology⁵，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is       5       to offset the increase in heart attack risk from       6       a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．

    Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11 of the       7      effects of cheeseburgers and French fries⁶．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve worked out that in terms of your       8      of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same    9    as a fast food meal increases it.”  “It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they       10     , but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense⁷ to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are   l 1    free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per    1 2     一not much different to a sachet of sugar⁸.” Dr Francis said．

   When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take     13     that lower their risk, 1ike    14     a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of     1 5     some of the risks of eating a fatty meal．

词汇：

statin/"stæ tIn/ n．降胆固醇药物

outlet/"autlit/ n．销售点

cholesterol/ kə"lestərɔl / n．胆固醇

offset /,ɔf"set/  V. 抵消，补偿

cheeseburger/ "tʃi:z,bə:ɡə / n．芝士汉堡包

milkshake! "milkʃeik / n．奶昔

condiment /"kɔndimənt]! n ．调味品

sachet /"sætʃei / ii ．小袋，小包

rational / "ræʃənəl / adj．合理的

注释：

1. Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs: 句中的could 是一种委婉表达建议的用词，意为“可以”。

2. Imperial College London: 帝国理工学院。该学院于1907 年由城市和行会学校、皇家矿业学校以及皇家科学学院合并组成。学院于2007 年7月正式脱离伦敦大学成为一所独立大学。提供本科和研究生教育，共有四个学院，工程学院、医学院、自然科学院和生命科学院

3. LDL cholesterol: 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。LDL是low density lipoprotein（低密度脂蛋白）的缩写形式。

4. a wealth of trial data: 大量的试验数据。a wealth of意为“大量的，许多”。

5. American Journal of Cardiology: 美国心脏病学杂志

6. French fries:炸薯条

7.It makes sense...: make sense 意为“说得通，合情合理”。

空2

A:trust  B:decide C:suggest D:calculate

Aspirin — a New Miracle Drug

    1. Using aspirin, an over-the-counter pill on sale¹ in every supermarket without a prescription, to treat serious circulatory disease may seem almost like quackery. But today doctors recognize this drug as a potent compound as important as antibiotics, digitalis and other miracle drugs.

    2. In its natural form as willow bark and leaves, this remarkable remedy dates back to Hippocrates². In 1829 the chemical in the willow tree that can relieve pain and reduce fever was discovered to be salicin. By 1899 the Bayer Company in Germanyhad marketed a variant, acetylsalicylic acid,³ under the name of aspirin.

    3. Since then, aspirin and confounds containing aspirin have been taken by tens of millions of arthritis patients. As a pain killer aspirin is, according to one study, more effective than all other analgesics and narcotics available for oral use. It also acts on⁴ the body’s thermostat, turning down fever.

    4. But some of its powers remained unsuspected until recently. In 1950 the late Dr. Craven wrote to a small western medical journal about 400 overweight, sedentary male patients to whom he had given one or two aspirin tablets a day. None had had a heart attack. He enlarged his group to 8,000 and in 1956 reported：”Not a single case of detectable coronary or cerebral thrombosis⁵ ” and “no major stroke” had occurred in patients who had taken one or two tablets daily for from one to ten years. But his observations were largely ignored.

    5. Then Dr. Vane proved that aspirin turned off the body’s prostaglandins⁶ hormonelike chemicals that can be secreted by every cell. Some potent prostaglandins are harmful compounds that create fever, pain and arthritis. One of them stimulates platelets in the blood to begin forming clots inside arteries. Aspirin blocks this dangerous effect.

    6. Vane’s finding caused some researchers to recall Craven’s 1956 observations, which now had a possible scientific explanation. Numerous studies were begun to find out whether aspirin could indeed inhibit heart attacks and stroke.

    7. In 1972, tenUSmedical institutions began two “double-blind” trials⁷ of 303 patients who suffered from transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)⁸. Four aspirin tablets a day were given to 153 patients, while placebo tablets were given to 150. Neither patients nor doctors knew which was which. After six months, the patients on aspirin had experienced much fewer TIAs, and fewer strokes and deaths from strokes than the “controls”. The results were so conclusive that aspirin has been used for this purpose widely.

词汇：

quackery/ˈkwækəri/ n.江湖医术

narcotic/nɑ:ˈkɔtɪk/ n.麻醉药；adj.麻醉的

potent /ˈpəutənt/ adj.有效力的

thermostat/ˈθɜ:məˌstæt/ n.恒温器

antibiotic/ˌæntɪbaɪˈɔtɪk，ˌæntaɪ-/ n.抗生素；adj.抗生的

sedentary /ˈsednˌteri:/ adj.坐着的

digitalis/ˌdidʒiˈteilis/ n.毛地黄，洋地黄

prostaglandin/ˌprɔstəˈglændɪn/n. 前列腺素

willow/ˈwiləu/ n.柳树

platelet/ˈpleitlit/ n.（血）小板

bark/bɑ:k/n. 树皮

clot/klɒt/n. 凝块，血块

salicin/ˈsælisin/n. 水杨醇葡萄糖甙（镇痛药）

artery/ˈɑ:təri/n. 动脉

variant/ˈveəri:ənt，ˈvær-/n. 变种；adj.变异的

placebo/pləˈsi:bəʊ/n. 安慰剂，安慰剂治疗

arthritis/ɑ:ˈθraɪtɪs/n. 关节炎

control/kənˈtrəul/n. 对照，对照物

analgesic/kənˈtrəul/ n.止痛药；adj.止痛的

注释：

1.an over-the-counter pill on sale：摆在柜台上（不需处方）出售的药丸pill：药丸，丸剂on sale：（商店的货物等供）出售的

2.this remarkable remedy dates back to Hippocrates：这种疗效显着的治疗剂可以回溯到希波克拉底时代date back to：追溯，回溯至Hippocrates：希波克拉底（公元前460 –公元前370），希腊医生，世称“医学之父”

3.acetylsalicylic acid：乙酰水杨酸

4.act on：对……起作用

5.coronary or cerebral thrombosis ：冠状动脉血栓（形成）或者脑血栓（形成）

6.turn off the body’s prostaglandins：改变身体前列腺素的有害作用turn off：避开（问题等）；使改变方向

7.“double-blind”trial：“双盲”试验（指在药物临床评价时不让病人和医务人员知道所试药物究属何种）

8.transient ischemic attack (TIA)：一次性缺血发作

B Pain-relieving and Fever-reducing Effects of Aspirin

C The Ignored Significant Observations

D The Origin of Aspirin

E An Explanation of Craven’s Observations

Paragraph 2        

A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F

Migrant Workers

　　In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another.    1   some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East¹,    2     increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to    3    outsiders to improve local facilities.    4     the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USAandEurope. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries,     5     SouthKoreaandJapan.
　　In view of the difficult living and working conditions in theMiddle East,²it is not   6     that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least     7    money in theMiddle Eastas they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction. An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it.³ This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.
　　Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage.     8    the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other     9    safety and comfort.     10    , many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly     11    the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge engineers who prefer to find solutions     12    problems rather than do routine work in their home country.
　　One major problem which     13    migrant workers in theMiddle Eastis that their jobs are temporary ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents.     14    , migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of the     15     financial benefits which they receive.

词汇：

migrant /"maɪgrənt/ adj.移民的

allied /"ælaɪd; ə"laɪd/ adj.与此相关的

taxation /tæk"seɪʃən/ n.税，税款

compensate /"kɒmpenseɪt/ v.补偿

routine /ruː"tiːn/ adj.日常的

注释：

1.This is particularly the case in the Middle East...：中东地区目的情况尤为如此……
2.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East...：由于中东地区艰苦的生活和工作条件……in view of 是个短语，表示原因或理由。
3.An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it. 一个相关的好处是这里的税收低，或者根本就不收税。

空2

A:which  B:where  C:when D:there

Dreams

　　Everyone can dream. Indeed, everyone does dream. Those who    1    that they never dream at all actually dream    2    as frequently as the rest of us,    3    they may not remember anything about it. Even those of us who are perfectly     4     of dreaming night    5    night very seldom remember those dreams in    6    detail but¹ merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions. Dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our    7    , so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste.
　　One of the world’s oldest    8    written documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams. This volume is about five thousand years old, so you can    9    that dreams were believed to have a special significance even then. Many ancient civilizations believed that you    10    never wake a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to return     11     time if the sleeper were suddenly    12    .
　　From ancient times to the present²    13    , people have been   14    attempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance. There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation, although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream    15     there are books.

词汇：
frequently /"friːkwəntlɪ/ adv.频繁地，经常地；时常，屡次

seldom /"seldəm/ adv.很少，不常

retain /riˈtein/ vt.保持，记住

significance /sɪg"nɪfɪkəns/ n.重要性，意义

civilisation /,sɪvɪlaɪ"zeɪʃən/ n.文明，文化

interpret /ɪn"tɜːprɪt/ vt.解释，说明，口译

interpretation /ɪntɜːprɪ"teɪʃən/ n.解释，口译

注释：

1．...very seldom remember those dreams in detail but merely retain an untidy mixture...but...不……而是……
2．From ancient times to the present...从古至今……

空2

A:also   B:just C:only D:quite

设有两个事务T1、T2有如下调度，产生的不一致性是（）
步骤             T1                T2
1              读A=100
2                                  读A=100
3.            A=A+10写回
4.                                 A=A-10

A:丢失修改  B:不可重复读  C:读脏数据  D:幻影读

从所给的四个选项中，选择最合适的一个填入问号处，使之呈现一定规律性：             A                     B                    C                  D                                                          

A:A  B:B  C:C  D:D

把下面的6个图形分为两类，使每一类图形都有各自的共同特征或规律，分类正确的一项是         ①                 ②                  ③                   ④                 ⑤                ⑥

A:①③⑥，②④⑤  B:①③④，②⑤⑥  C:①③⑤，②④⑥  D:①④⑥，②③⑤