阻塞性黄疸的实验室检查结果是( )

A: B: C: D: E:

Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely

Speeding off¹ in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch². But he is in a nasty surprise³. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer, and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine   1  , he will not be able to start it again.

For now, such devices    2   only available for fleets of trucks⁴ and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars⁵, and    3   be available to ordinary cars in the UK    4    two months.

The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car incorporates⁶    5    miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS⁷ satellite positioning receiver.    6   the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine    7    restarted.

There are even plans for immobilizers    8   shut down vehicles on the moves⁸, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.

In the UK, an array of⁹ technical fixes¹⁰ is already making    9   harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicles crime has changed.” says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire¹¹ that is funded in part    10   the motor insurance industry.

He says it would only take him a few minutes to    11   a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools¹². But only if the car is more than 10 years old.

Modern cars are a far tougher proposition¹³, as their engine management computer will not

  12   them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out¹⁴ by the ignition key. In the UK, technologies like this    13   achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime¹⁵ since 1997.

But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary. In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken by using the owner’s keys, which doubles the previous year’s figure.

Remote-controlled immobilization system would   14   a major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the   15   expects.

词汇：    

immobilizer n．使车辆不能调动的装置
cellphone n．移动电话，手机
ignition / ɪɡˈnɪʃən / n．点火
trickle / "trɪkl / v．慢慢移动
immobilization / ɪˌməʊbəlaɪ"zeɪʃn / n．使车辆不能调动
burglary / "bɜ:ɡlərɪ / n．夜窃行为；盗窃

注释：

1. speed off：超速驾驶

2. catch：捕获物，猎获物

3. nasty：very unpleasant or annoying使人不愉快的；烦人的

4. fleets of trucks：卡车队。 Fleet：a group of vessels or vehicles owned or operated as a unit车队

5. trickle down to ordinary cars：慢慢地用到普通汽车上。 trickle：to move or proceed slowly or bit by bit慢慢地或一点一点地移动或前进

6. incorporate：to cause to merge or combine together into a united whole混合，合并到某一整体中

7. GPS：Global Positioning System全球定位系统

8. vehicles on the move：在行驶中的车辆

9. an array of：一群；一批

10. technical fixes：技术装置

11. Berkshire：a county of south-central England贝克郡，位于英格兰中南部

12. a bare minimum of tools：极少的工具。 bare：just sufficient；mere刚刚充足的；仅仅

13. Modern cars are a far tougher proposition：现代车远没有这么简单（偷盗现代车要困难得多 )。Proposition：a matter to be dealt with；a task任务，要处理的事务。

14. beam out：to emit or transmit发送，传送

15. drop in vehicle-related crime：涉及车辆犯罪案的下降。 drop：decrease下降

空13

A:have helped B:helped C:had helped D:was helped

Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light

Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems¹, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but

   1   now they² haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone³ solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells⁴, which⁵ lets the silicon generate more   2   but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat.

That’s a problem of   3   . Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower   4    . And it，s also a space problem：photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room⁶ for thermal applications.

In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a    5    in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from ThinSilicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen’s University, Canada."

Most solar panels⁷ are made with crystalline silicon，you can also make solar cells out ofbut amorphous silicon⁸,   6   known as thin-film silicon⁹. They don’t create as much electricity,but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they   7   much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately，thin-film silicon solar cells are   8   to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect¹⁰.

“That means that their efficiency    9   when you expose them to light — pretty much¹¹ the worst possible effect¹² for a solar cell,” Pearce explains，which is one of the   10   thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.

However, Pearce and his team found away to engineer around¹³ the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new   11   of PVT. You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact，Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures¹⁴，near the boiling   12   of water, they could make thicker cells that largely  13   the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy

   14   , they also found that by baking the cell once a day，they   15   the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.

词汇:

photovoltaic / ,fəʊtəʊvɒl"teɪɪk /n.光电的
silicon / "sɪlɪkən /n.硅
thermal / "θɜːməl /adj.热的，热量的
amorphous/ ə"mɔːfəs/ adj.非晶形的

crystalline / "krɪstə"laɪn /adj.晶体的

footprint/ "fʊtprɪnt/ n.足迹

注释：

1. solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems:太阳能光伏热能系统

2. they: 指代 solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems。

3. stand-alone:单机的

4. crystalline silicon solar cells:晶体硅太阳能电池

5. which:指前半句中的 to cool crystalline silicon solar cells 这件事

6. room:空间

7. solar panels:太阳能电池板

8. amorphous silicon：非晶硅

9. thin-film silicon:薄膜硅

10. Staebler-Wronski Effect: SWE 效应。在光的照射下，非晶桂氢的导电性短时间内显著衰退，这种特性被称为 SWE 效应。

11. pretty much:几乎

12. the worst possible effect：最可能坏的效应

13. engineer around:精心地设计以克服或绕过

空13

A:overcame B:Promoted C:improved D:postponed

School Lunch

Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat (1) ______ in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to (2) ______ meals at lunchtime. Children can (3) ______ to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen. One shocking (4) ______ of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict (5) ______ for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one (6) ______ of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta.

Lunchboxes (7) ______ by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children (8) ______ twice as much sugar as¹ they should at lunchtime. The research will provide a better (9) ______ of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has (10) ______ in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot (11) ______ parents, but it can remind them of the² (12) ______ value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children"s diet can (13) ______ their future health.

Children can easily develop bad eating (14) ______ at this age, and parents are the only ones who can (15) ______ it.词汇：

canteen / kaen"ti:n / n.食堂，小卖部

tarchy  / "stɑ:tʃi / adj. (食物)含有大量淀粉的

注释：

1. ... twice as much sugar as ... ：……2倍的糖分……

2. it can remind them of the ... ：提醒他们关于……

空13

A:damage   B:predict   C:destroy   D:affect

Traffic in Our Cities

     The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk (1) ______ accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to (2) ______ their habits and leave their cars at home.

     One possible (3) ______ is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by (4)______ charges for parking and (5) ______ tougher fines for anyone who (6) ______ the law. In addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, (7) ______ as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a (8) ______ of cities, using a special electronic card ______ (59) to the windscreen of the car.

    Another way of (10) ______ with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the (11)______ of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre1. Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus (12) ______ for the final stage of their journey.

Of course, the most important (13) ______ is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to (14) ______ the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be2 reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares (15) ______ at an acceptable level.

词汇：

lengthy /"leŋθi:/ a．漫长的，冗长的

persuade /pə"sweid/v．说服，劝服

approach /ə"prəutʃ/ n．方法，途径

windscreen /"windskri:n /n．汽车挡风玻璃

outskirt /"aut,skə:t/ n．郊区，市郊

reliable /ri"laiəbl/ a．可靠的，可信赖的

注释：

1.    ... strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre: ……严格控制进人城市中心的车辆数量

2.    …public transport must be felt to be…：……公共交通必须要让人感觉到……

空13

A:thought B:thing C:work D:event

Teaching and Learning

    Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with¹ the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect student to be familiar with the (1) ______ in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The (2) ______ student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of² (3) ______, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned (4) ______ brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is (5) ______ for learning the material assigned. When research is (6) ______, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with (7) ______ guidance. It is the student’s responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain (8) ______ a university library works; they expect students (9) ______ graduate students to exhaust the (10) ______ in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but (11) ______ that their students should not be (12) ______ dependent on them. In the United Statesprofessors have many other duties (13) ______ teaching, such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (14) ______. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either (15) ______ a professor during office hours³ or make an appointment.

词汇：

assignment /ə"sainmənt/ n．任务，作业

motivate /"məutiveit/ v．刺激，激发……的积极性

exhaust /ig"zɔ:st/ v．耗尽，使筋疲力尽；彻底讨论

administrative /əd"ministrətiv/adj．管理的，行政的

appointment /ə"pɔintmənt/ n．约定，约会

注释：

1.    …lie with…：……是……的责任

2.    ....for the sake of learning…：……为了学习……

3.    …approach a professor during office hours…：……在办公时间见老师……

空13

A:but  B:except C:with D:besides

Traffic in Our Cities

     The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk (1) ______ accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to (2) ______ their habits and leave their cars at home.

     One possible (3) ______ is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by (4)______ charges for parking and (5) ______ tougher fines for anyone who (6) ______ the law. In addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, (7) ______ as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a (8) ______ of cities, using a special electronic card ______ (59) to the windscreen of the car.

    Another way of (10) ______ with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the (11)______ of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre1. Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus (12) ______ for the final stage of their journey.

Of course, the most important (13) ______ is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to (14) ______ the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be2 reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares (15) ______ at an acceptable level.

词汇：

lengthy /"leŋθi:/ a．漫长的，冗长的

persuade /pə"sweid/v．说服，劝服

approach /ə"prəutʃ/ n．方法，途径

windscreen /"windskri:n /n．汽车挡风玻璃

outskirt /"aut,skə:t/ n．郊区，市郊

reliable /ri"laiəbl/ a．可靠的，可信赖的

注释：

1.    ... strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre: ……严格控制进人城市中心的车辆数量

2.    …public transport must be felt to be…：……公共交通必须要让人感觉到……

空13

A:thought B:thing C:work D:event