Young musicians in African countries are creating a new kind of pop music. The tunes and the rhythms of their music combine African traditions with various forms of music popular today, such as hip-hop, rap, rock, jazz, or reggae. The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world, but at the same time is distinctly African. It is different also in another way: Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues inAfricatoday.

    Eric Wainaina is one of these African musicians. He grew up inNairobi,Kenya, in a family of musicians. As a teenager, he listened to pop music from theUnited States, and later he moved toBostonto study at the Berklee College of Music. Now he has produced a CD inKenya. Eric"s most popular song, "Land of ‘A Little Something’” is aboutKenya"s problem of bribery, or paying others for illegal favors. He wants people to listen to his songs and think about how to makeKenyaa better place to live.

    Another musician who writes serious songs is Witness Mwaijaga fromTanzania. Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women. At the age of fifteen she lost her home, but she was luckier than other homeless young people. She could make a living by writing songs and singing on the street. By the time she was eighteen years old, she had become a star. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees inTanzania, especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women ¹.

    Baaba Maal, fromSenegal, also feels that pop music must go beyond entertainment. He says that inSenegal, storytellers have always been important people. In the past, they were the ones who kept the history of their people alive. Baaba believes that songwriters now have a similar responsibility. They must write about the world around them and help people understand how it could be better. The words of his songs are important, in fact. They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans, as well as the rights of women, love for one" s family, and saving the environment ².

    One ofSouth Africa"s most popular musicians is Brenda Fassie. She is sometimes compared to Madonna, the American pop star, because she likes to shock people in her shows. But she also likes to make people think. She became famous in the 1980s for her simple pop songs against apartheid. Now that apartheid has ended, her songs are about other issues in South African culture and life. To sing about these, she uses local African languages and a new pop style called kwaito.

    In recent years, people outside ofAfricahave also begun to listen to these young musicians. Through music, the younger generation of Africans are connecting with the rest of the world and, at the same time, influencing the rest of the world. 

词汇： 

reggae /"regei/ n. 瑞格舞（西印度群岛的舞曲）

bribery ["braɪbərɪ] n. 行贿，贿赂

apartheid [əˈpɑ:tˌhaɪt, -ˌheɪt] n. 种族隔离

注释：

1. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania,especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women.她用嘻哈和说唱的风格写歌，歌曲的内容是坦桑尼亚的各种问题，特别是艾滋和女性权利的缺失。

2. They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans, as well as the rights of women, love forone"s family, and saving the environment.他倡导在非洲要和平与协作，同时也包括妇女权利、热爱家庭和保护环境。

Eric Wainaina____ 

A:prefers to sing in English B:listened to traditional music C:studied music in Boston D:performs only in the United States

设有两个事务T1、T2有如下调度，产生的不一致性是（）
步骤             T1                T2
1              读A=100
2                                  读A=100
3.            A=A+10写回
4.                                 A=A-10

A:丢失修改  B:不可重复读  C:读脏数据  D:幻影读

Observe that for the programmer，as for chef， the urgency of the patron（顾客）may govern the scheduled completion of the task，but it cannot govern the actual completion.An omelette（煎鸡蛋），promised in two minutes，may appear to be progressing nicely.But when it has not set in two minutes，the customer has two choices-waits or eats it raw.Software customers have had （） choices. 
  Now I do not think software （） have less inherent courage and firmness than chefs，nor than other engineering managers.But false （） to match the patron’s desired date is much more common in our discipline than elsewhere in engineering.It is very （） 
to make a vigorous，plausible，and job risking defense of an estimate that is derived by no quantitative method，supported by little data，and certified chiefly by the hunches of the managers. 
  Clearly two solutions are needed.We need to develop and publicize productivity figures，bug-incidence figures，estimating rules，and so on.The whole profession can only profit from （） such data.Until estimating is on a sounder basis，individual managers will need to stiffen their backbones and defend their estimates with the assurance that their poor hunches are better than wish derived estimates.

Observe that for the programmer，as for chef， the urgency of the patron（顾客）may govern the scheduled completion of the task，but it cannot govern the actual completion.An omelette（煎鸡蛋），promised in two minutes，may appear to be progressing nicely.But when it has not set in two minutes，the customer has two choices-waits or eats it raw.Software customers have had （？） choices. 
  Now I do not think software （） have less inherent courage and firmness than chefs，nor than other engineering managers.But false （） to match the patron’s desired date is much more common in our discipline than elsewhere in engineering.It is very （） 
to make a vigorous，plausible，and job risking defense of an estimate that is derived by no quantitative method，supported by little data，and certified chiefly by the hunches of the managers. 
  Clearly two solutions are needed.We need to develop and publicize productivity figures，bug-incidence figures，estimating rules，and so on.The whole profession can only profit from （） such data.Until estimating is on a sounder basis，individual managers will need to stiffen their backbones and defend their estimates with the assurance that their poor hunches are better than wish derived estimates.

A:no  B:the same  C:other  D:lots of

从所给的四个选项中，选择最合适的一个填入问号处，使之呈现一定规律性：             A                     B                    C                  D                                                          

A:A  B:B  C:C  D:D

从所给的四个选项中，选择最合适的一个填入问号处，使之呈现一定规律性：                                           A                     B                    C                      D

A:A  B:B  C:C  D:D

以下四个图形与其它图有区别的是?                 A                                            B                                             C                                     D

A:如上图所示  B:如上图所示  C:如上图所示  D:如上图所示

把下面的六个图形分为两类，使每一类图形都有各自的共同特征或规律，分类正确的一项是         ①                  ②                  ③                 ④                  ⑤                 ⑥

A:①②⑤，③④⑥  B:①③④，②⑤⑥  C:①③⑤，②④⑥  D:①④⑥，②③⑤

把下面的6个图形分为两类，使每一类图形都有各自的共同特征或规律，分类正确的一项是         ①                 ②                  ③                   ④                 ⑤                ⑥

A:①③⑥，②④⑤  B:①③④，②⑤⑥  C:①③⑤，②④⑥  D:①④⑥，②③⑤