Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics

    Most older people with so-called type H diabetes could stop taking insulin if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes just three times a week, according to new medical research results reported in the Copenhagen newspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday.
    Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalet"s Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body"s ability to utilise insulin by 30 per cent, the newspaper reported.
    This is equal to¹ the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication today，it said.        ‘、
    Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type n, all more than 60 years of age, exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects" muscles could utilise as a measure for how well their insulin worked.²
     Associate Professor³ Dr. Flemming Dela of the MuscleResearchCentersaid the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had just as high insulin utilisation as the healthy non?exercising persons.
    "This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups. Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes,⁴ but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time it can put off⁵ the point at which they have to begin taking insulin or perhaps completely avoid insulin treatment，” Dela was quoted as saying.⁶
    Insulin isa hormone produced by the pancreas，controlling sugar in the body and used against diabetes.
　　Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to work up⁷ a sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off⁸ after five days without sufficient exercise.
　　Most diabetics realise that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of⁹ the importance of exercise, Dela added.

词汇：

insulin/ ˈɪnsjəlɪn/n. 胰岛素

diabetic/ ˌdaɪəˈbetɪk /adj.(患）糖尿病的；n.糖尿病患者
diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbi:ti:z/n.糖尿病；多尿症

brisk/brɪsk/adj.轻快的；活泼的，活跃的
Copenhagen/ˌkəʊpən"heɪɡən/n.哥本哈根(丹麦首都）
muscle/ "mʌsl/n..肌肉

utilise / "ju:tɪlaɪz /vt.( = utilize) .利用，使用
medication/ ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃn/n. 药物，药物治疗

subject / "sʌbdʒɪkt/n.实验对象
utilisation ( = utilization)/ ˌju:tɪlaɪ"zeɪʃən/n. .利用，使用
saying/ ˈseɪɪŋ/n. 格言 

hormone/ "hɔ:məʊn/n. 激素

pancreas/ "pæŋkrɪəs/n. 胰腺

注释：

1. be equal to;等于
2.as a measure for how well their insulin worked:作为测量他们的胰岛素工作状况如何的标志。 从语法上分析，how引起的从句是for这个介词的宾语从句。
3.associate professor ：畐lj 教授
4. ... cannot cure people of diabetes:不能治好人们的糖尿病。cure sb. of sth.：给某人医治某 病。例如:liiis medicine should cure you of your cold.这药准能治好你的感冒。
5.put off:推迟，延期
6.Dela was quoted as saying:Dela的话像格言一样被人们所引用。注意谓语是被动语态。
7.work up:逐步引起，激起
8.wear off:逐渐消失
9.(be) unaware of sth.：不知道，没觉察

How could most elderly type II diabetics stop taking insulin?

A:By taking more salt than usual B:By taking less salt than usual C:By doing brisk exercise for half an hour at least three times a week D:By going climbing, swimming or boxing every day

Text 4
I don’t think there is anything wrong with your blood. The key to your problem is that long nap after dinner.
If you didn’t sleep for hours during the early part of the evening, you would be more ready to sleep at bedtime. If you didn’t nap after dinner, you would not want to stay up so late, and you would not feel the need to take a sleeping pill. The pill is still working in your system when you get up in the morning. This helps account for the fact that you feel tired all day.
You should get out of the habit of sleeping during the evening. Right after your evening meal, engage in some sort of physical activity--a sport such as bowling, perhaps. Or get together with friends for an evening of cards and conversation. Then go to bed at your usual time or a little earlier, and you should be able to get a good night’s rest without taking a pill.
If you can get into the habit of spending your evenings this way, I am sure you will feel less tired during the day. At first it may be hard for you to go to sleep without taking a pill. If so, get up and watch television or do some jobs around your house until you feel sleepy. If you fall asleep and then wake up a few hours later, get up but do net take a sleeping pill. Read a while or listen to the radio, and make yourself a few hours’sleep that night, you will feel better in the morning than you usually feel after taking a pill. The next night you will be ready to sleep at an earlier hour.
The most important thing is to avoid taking that nap right after dinner and avoid taking pills.

Which of the following is true according to the passage（）

A:You mustn't take sleeping pills in order to get a good night' s sleep. B:You should stay up if you want to sleep effectively. C:Food is necessary at night if you fail to go to sleep. D:It is very important to get out of the habit of taking a nap after dinner.

Massive changes in all of the world’s deeply cherished sporting habits are underway. Whether it’s one of London’s parks full of people playing softball, and Russians taking up rugby, or the Superbowl rivaling the British Football Cup Final as a televised spectator event in Britain, the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition. We are witnessing a globalization of our sporting culture.
That annual bicycle race, the Tour de France, much loved by the French is a good case in point. Just a few years back it was a strictly continental affair with France, Belgium and Holland, Spain and Italy taking part. But in recent years it has been dominated by Colombian mountain climbers, and American and Irish riders. The people who really matter welcome the shift toward globalization. Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multi-national corporations that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in teams. So it does them literally a world of good to see this unofficial world championship become just that.
This is undoubtedly an economic-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology, but made to happen because of marketing considerations. Sell the game and you can sell Coca Cola or Budweiser as well.
The skilful way in which American football has been sold to Europe is a good example of how all sports will develop. The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for its own sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major money-making events. The economics of the Superbowl are already astronomical. With seats at US $125, gate receipts alone were a staggering $10,000,000. The most important statistic of the day, however, was the $100,000,000 in TV advertising fees. Imagine how much that becomes when the eyes of the world are watching.
So it came as a terrible shock, but not really as a surprise, to learn that some people are now suggesting that soccer change from being a game of two 45-minute halves, to one of four 25-minute quarters. The idea is unashamedly to capture more advertising revenue, without giving any thought for the integrity of a sport which relies for its essence on the flowing nature of the action.
Moreover, as sports expand into world markets, and as our choice of sports as consumers also grows, so we will demand to see them played at a higher and higher level. In boxing we have already seen numerous, dubious world title categories because people will not pay to see anything less than a "World Title" fight, and this means that the title fights have to be held in different countries around the world!
Globalization of sporting culture means that

A:more people are taking up sports. B:traditional sports are getting popular. C:many local sports are becoming international. D:foreigners are more interested in local sports.

Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers.
It’s not quite that simple. “Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity, but they can’t be forced, ” says Jacquelynne Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan, who led a landmark, 25-year study examining what motivated first grade students in three school districts. Even so, a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don’t seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve.
Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn’t suffer from an emotional or learning disability, or isn’t involved in some family crisis at home, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or peer pressure that conveys the message that doing well academically some how isn’t cool. “Kids get so caught up in the moment-to-moment issue of will they look smart or dumb, and it blocks them from thinking about the long term,” says Carol Dweck, a psychology professor at Stanford. “You have to teach them that they are in charge of their intellectual growth and that their intelligence is malleable. ”
Howard (a social psychologist and president of the Efficacy Institute, an organization that works with teachers and parents to help improve children’s academic performance) and other educators say it’s important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. “The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions, ” says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.

The students’ ambition to succeed may be hindered by（）

A:stimulating them to build up self-confidence B:cultivating the attitude of risk taking C:enlarging the areas for children to succeed D:making them understand their family crisis

? ?Even a careful motorist may have the misfortune to commit a motoring ?(51) ?. In due course, ?(52) ? a summons (传票) , he will appear in a police court. In the court, the motorist hears his name called by the clerk of the court, and comes forward to identify himself. The magistrate(地方法官) then calls for the policeman who charged the offender and asks him to give evidence. The officer takes the oath to tell the truth, the whole truth and ?(53) ? the truth. He also is expected to give an account ?(54) ? what happened when the offence was committed and to mention any special circumstances. For instance, the offence ?(55) ?partly due to the foolishness of another motorist. It would be unwise for the accused motorist to exaggerate this. It will not help his case to try to blame ?(56) ? for his own mistake. The magistrate, ?(57) ? hearing that some other motorist is involved, will doubtless say: "What is being done about this man.9 ?Case coming up later this afternoon," may ?(58) ? be the answer.
? ? ?(59) ? you are guilty, it is of course wise to plead guilty and apologize for committing the offence and ? ?(60) ? the court’s time. Magistrates are not heartless and a motorist may be lucky enough to hear one say: "There are mitigating circumstances, ?(61) ?you have broken the law and I am obliged to ?(62) ? a fine. Pay five pounds. Next case. " For many offences if you wish to plead guilty you may do so by post and avoid ?(63) ? at all.
? ?Some short-tempered people forget that both policemen and magistrates have a public duty to perform and are rude to them. This does not pay and rightly so! A magistrate will not let off an offender ?(64) ? because he is ?(65) ?, but the courteous (有礼貌的) lawbreakers may certainly hope that the magistrate will extend to him what tolerance the law permits.

A:taking on B:taking in C:taking over D:taking up

Think of a modem city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don’t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.
When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground that means building upwards.
The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home.
Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift or elevator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders.
A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts.
"It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us and you just can’t choose to move away," says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says. Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the comers. Most people try and shrink into the background but some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a comer taking notes.
Don’t worry about them. They are probably from a university.
The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in______.

A:the shortage of money B:the lack of a device to carry people upward C:backward technology D:mountains taking up land space

{{B}}第二篇{{/B}}

The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19^th century lies in

A:the shortage of money. B:the lack of a device to carry people upward. C:backward technology. D:mountains taking up land space.