Puritan ministers, frontier wives, plantation owner一they are all the creators of the first American literature.

词汇：

colonist [ˈkɒlənɪst] n.殖民者    

subject ["sʌbdʒɪkt] n.臣民          

puritan [ˈpjʊərɪtən] n.清教徒的

注释：

1．Christopher Columbus:克里斯托弗·哥伦布，美洲新大陆的发现者

2.  Each tribe"s literature was tightly woven into the fabric of daily life and reflected the unmistakably American experience of lining with the land.每个部落的文学都紧密地交织到日常生活的架构中去，反映了和土地密切相连的确凿无疑的美洲生活经历。

3．New England wilderness:新英格兰的荒原，新英格兰指如今美国东北部的几个州，为来自欧洲的殖民者最早定居的地区。

The main purpose of the last paragraph is to tell the readers that____.

A:in the early days most American writers were from Great Britain. B:people with rich life experiences became writers C:there were many writers in the early days of American history D:early-day expenence provided the foundation for American literature

At 9:00 Dick Spivak’s bank telephoned and said his payment was late. "The check is in the post," Dick replied quickly. At 11:45 Dick left for a 12:00 meeting across town. Arriving late, he explained that traffic(交通)had been bad. That evening, Dick’s girlfriend wore a new dress. He hated it. "It looks just great on you," he said.
Three lies in one day! Yet Dick Spivak is just an ordinary man. Each time, he told himself that sometimes the truth causes too many problems. Most of us tell much the same white lies, harmless untruths that help to save trouble. How often do we tell white lies It depends in part on our age, education, and even where, we live. According to one U.S. study, women are more truthful than men, and honesty increases as we get older.
While most people use little white lies to make life easier, the majority of Americans care about honesty, in both public and personal life. They say that people today are less honest than they were ten years ago. Although it is believed that things are getting worse, lying seems to be an age-old human problem. The French philosopher(哲学家)Vauvenarges, writing in the eighteenth century, touched on the truth when he wrote," All men are born truthful and die liars./

A:lying is an age-old human problem B:dishonesty increases as people get older C:people were dishonest in the 18th century D:it is social conditions that make people tell lies

Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairly Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it Are you afraid to ask someone for a date
Many people are afraid to assert themselves (坚持已见). Dr. Robert Alberti, author of Stand Up, Speak Out, and Talk Back, thinks it’s because of their lack of confidence. "Our structure of organization tends to make people distrust themselves," says Alberti. "There’s always a ’superior’ around—a parent, a teacher, a boss—who knows better’. These ’superiors’ often gain when they keep breaking at your self-image."
But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people assert themselves. They offer "assertiveness training" courses—AT for short. In the AT course people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be aggressive without hurting people.
In one way, learning to speak out is to overcome fear. A group taking an AT course will help the shy person to lose his fear. But AT uses an even stronger motive—the need to share. The shy person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels.
Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. If someone you face is more "important" than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to doubt your own good sense. You go by the other person’s label. But, why should you AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.

A:train people to trust others B:encourage people to share their thoughts C:tell people of their right to be "superiors" D:help people overcome their fear of asserting themselves

When she (came) back from Hollywood, she wanted to (tell) everybody (about) all the stars and exciting people (who) she had seen.

A:came B:tell C:about D:who

At 9:00 Dick Spivak’s bank telephoned and said his payment was late. "The check is in the post," Dick replied quickly. At 11:45 Dick left for a 12:00 meeting across town. Arriving late, he explained that traffic(交通)had been bad. That evening, Dick’s girlfriend wore a new dress. He hated it. "It looks just great on you," he said.
Three lies in one day! Yet Dick Spivak is just an ordinary man. Each time, he told himself that sometimes the truth causes too many problems. Most of us tell much the same white lies, harmless untruths that help to save trouble. How often do we tell white lies It depends in part on our age, education, and even where, we live. According to one U.S. study, women are more truthful than men, and honesty increases as we get older.
While most people use little white lies to make life easier, the majority of Americans care about honesty, in both public and personal life. They say that people today are less honest than they were ten years ago. Although it is believed that things are getting worse, lying seems to be an age-old human problem. The French philosopher(哲学家)Vauvenarges, writing in the eighteenth century, touched on the truth when he wrote," All men are born truthful and die liars./
Vauvenarges’ remark suggests that______.

A:lying is an age-old human problem B:dishonesty increases as people get older C:people were dishonest in the 18th century D:it is social conditions that make people tell lies

C

A:lying is an age-old human problem B:dishonesty increases as people get older C:people were dishonest in the 18th century D:it is social conditions that make people tell lies

Passage Four Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairly Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it Are you afraid to ask someone for a date Many people are afraid to assert themselves (坚持已见). Dr. Robert Alberti, author of Stand Up, Speak Out, and Talk Back, thinks it’s because of their lack of confidence. "Our structure of organization tends to make people distrust themselves," says Alberti. "There’s always a ’superior’ around—a parent, a teacher, a boss—who knows better’. These ’superiors’ often gain when they keep breaking at your self-image." But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people assert themselves. They offer "assertiveness training" courses—AT for short. In the AT course people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be aggressive without hurting people. In one way, learning to speak out is to overcome fear. A group taking an AT course will help the shy person to lose his fear. But AT uses an even stronger motive—the need to share. The shy person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels. Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. If someone you face is more "important" than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to doubt your own good sense. You go by the other person’s label. But, why should you AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.One of the objectives of AT courses is to ______.

A:train people to trust others B:encourage people to share their thoughts C:tell people of their right to be "superiors" D:help people overcome their fear of asserting themselves