第3篇 ?Shaming Punishments

? ?Last month, James Connolly, a junior at the University of Massachusetts, stood in front of a local police station wearing a toga (长袍) as punishment.
? ?His crime? He was charged with underage drinking, illegal possession of alcohol and excessive noise while holding a party.
? ?This shaming punishment has increased in the US in recent years, mostly imposed by local judges for less serious crimes, such as drunk driving and theft.
? ?They believe shame is the best petty crime deterrent(威慑). For example, in Tennessee, Judge James McKenzie has made shoplifters (商店货物扒手) stand outside Wal-Mart with signs that read, "I am a thief put here by order of Judge McKenzie" , "Alternative punishments like community service and fines don’t convey moral condemnation (谴责) of the criminal. "said Dan Kahan, a University of Chicago Law School professor, in an article published on the university’s website. "They aren’t shameful enough. "
? ?Shaming punishments are sometimes called Scarlet (红色的) Letter punishments. The name comes from US author Nathaniel Hawthorne’s 1850 novel The Scarlet Letter. In this novel, a woman is forced to wear a scarlet "A" on her clothes as punishment for her adultery (通奸).
? ?However, University of Iowa law professor Andrew Hosmanek said there is an important difference between the shaming punishments of colonial America and those assigned in states like Tennessee.
? ?"Early societies often had are acceptance ceremony to welcome the offender back into main society. " says Hosmanek. "Contemporary punishments in America lack this. "
? ?Supporters of shaming punishment argue that public shaming is a good way of expressing community values. Some judges say shamed offenders seldom repeat their crimes.
? ?Others aren’t so sure. "There is little evidence to suggest that shaming punishments are successful in preventing people from committing specific crimes. And a shamed criminal may face a hard battle to regain credibility in society. "said Hosmanek. "So, a shaming punishment may force the offender into more crimes to support himself. "
? ?Experts also debate shaming punishment’s damage to human dignity. "Since the point is to shame, it’s of course degrading(侮辱人格的). " said Linda Malone, director of the Human Rights and National Security Law Programme at William and Mary Law School.
? ?"US law only prohibits punishment that is ’cruel and unusual’--not ’inhuman and degrading’. It’s very difficult for a thief to prove that holding a sign in front of Wal-Mart is ’cruel and unusual’. /

What does US law forbid?

题库:邮政储汇业务员考试 类型:最佳选择题 时间:2017-06-30 14:52:55 免费下载:《单选集》Word试卷

? ?Last month, James Connolly, a junior at the University of Massachusetts, stood in front of a local police station wearing a toga (长袍) as punishment.
? ?His crime? He was charged with underage drinking, illegal possession of alcohol and excessive noise while holding a party.
? ?This shaming punishment has increased in the US in recent years, mostly imposed by local judges for less serious crimes, such as drunk driving and theft.
? ?They believe shame is the best petty crime deterrent(威慑). For example, in Tennessee, Judge James McKenzie has made shoplifters (商店货物扒手) stand outside Wal-Mart with signs that read, "I am a thief put here by order of Judge McKenzie" , "Alternative punishments like community service and fines don’t convey moral condemnation (谴责) of the criminal. "said Dan Kahan, a University of Chicago Law School professor, in an article published on the university’s website. "They aren’t shameful enough. "
? ?Shaming punishments are sometimes called Scarlet (红色的) Letter punishments. The name comes from US author Nathaniel Hawthorne’s 1850 novel The Scarlet Letter. In this novel, a woman is forced to wear a scarlet "A" on her clothes as punishment for her adultery (通奸).
? ?However, University of Iowa law professor Andrew Hosmanek said there is an important difference between the shaming punishments of colonial America and those assigned in states like Tennessee.
? ?"Early societies often had are acceptance ceremony to welcome the offender back into main society. " says Hosmanek. "Contemporary punishments in America lack this. "
? ?Supporters of shaming punishment argue that public shaming is a good way of expressing community values. Some judges say shamed offenders seldom repeat their crimes.
? ?Others aren’t so sure. "There is little evidence to suggest that shaming punishments are successful in preventing people from committing specific crimes. And a shamed criminal may face a hard battle to regain credibility in society. "said Hosmanek. "So, a shaming punishment may force the offender into more crimes to support himself. "
? ?Experts also debate shaming punishment’s damage to human dignity. "Since the point is to shame, it’s of course degrading(侮辱人格的). " said Linda Malone, director of the Human Rights and National Security Law Programme at William and Mary Law School.
? ?"US law only prohibits punishment that is ’cruel and unusual’--not ’inhuman and degrading’. It’s very difficult for a thief to prove that holding a sign in front of Wal-Mart is ’cruel and unusual’. /

What does US law forbid?
A.Cruel and unusual punishments.
B.Inhuman punishments.’
C.Degrading punishments.
D.Shaming punishments.

本题关键词:第3颈椎,第3腰椎,第3类杠杆,第3腰椎下缘,第3颈椎下缘,第3腰椎棘突,食管第3狭窄,血小板第3因子,孤篇,第3腰椎椎体水平;