Transportation Decision Transportation decision consists of the following parts: 1.Selection of the mode is determined by the consideration of distance,cargo weights,linkage,timing and other requirements.Generally speaking,rail has high fixed cost and the relatively low variable cost.It can move heavy,large quantity of cargo in the long distance.But,rail is disadvantaged because of the longer transit time and less frequent service than motor. Motor carriers such as truck companies offer door-to-door service,that is,the cargo can be shipped from the shipper＇swarehouse to the consignee＇s.Trucking fixed cost is the lowest of any carrier,because the equipment is fairly cheap and the motor carriers do not have to invest in the roads on which they run their operations.However,their variable costs are very high.Its expenses include two major components:firstly,the pick-up and delivery costs;secondly,there are gas or fuel costs,labor expenses and toll roads fees to be paid to highway and toll road operators Therefore,motor transport is good for cargo with small quantity to be shipped within short distances. Water is the predominant choice of transportation as it has the capacity to take greatest quantity,travel longest distance with lowest cost.Transport by sea accounts for 80% of in-ternational trade.The major expenses for water are expenses associated with investment and maintenance of the ships and terminals.For example,a 100000-ton container ship costs US$ 200 million.Terminal associated costs include harbor fees and the cost for loading and unloading the goods. Transport by air has the highest cost but it is fast with the lowest ratio of loss and dam-age.If you need to deliver an urgent order,there is little choice but by air. 2.Transport service provider is selected for its experiences,equipment,services and prices.Competitive in the transport industry usually drives the prices down and motivates for better services.A company also chooses its transport service provider because of its long-standing business relationship with certain shipping companies. 3.The alternative routing and scheduling is specific for motor only because railway and water have strict route and timetable.Motor has special advantage in terms of flexibility.It has the ability to load goods at greater frequency,travel through different routes and making deliveries to different loca-tions.Questions:
How is a transportation service provider selected?( )
A:By supplier. B:Referral. C:Customer demands. D:Experiences and equipments.
Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference
Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky 1.When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy.
Most student leaders don"t want to spend a large amount of time on something they care little about, said 22-year-old UniversityofFloridastudent Darren Heitner. He was the Dance Marathon"s operations officer for two years.
Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at theUniversityofWisconsin, conducted a survey in February of students involved in campus organizations 2. She said the desire for friendship was the most frequently cited reason for joining.
At large universities like Fangmeyer"s, which has more than 40,000 students, the students first of all want to find a way to "belong in their own corner of campus".
Katie Rowley, a Wisconsin senior, confirms the survey"s findings."I wanted to make the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not only get involved on campus butalso find a group of friends."
All of this talk of friendship, however, does not mean that students aren"t thinking about their resumes. "I think that a lot of people do join to "fatten up their resume"", said Heitner."At the beginning of my college career, I joined a few of these organizations, hoping to get a start in my leadership roles."
But without passion student leaders can have a difficult time trying to weather the storms that come. For example, in April, several student organizations atWisconsinteamed up 3 for an event designed to educate students about homelessness and poverty. Student leaders had to face the problem of solving disagreements, moving the event because of rainy weather, and dealing with the university"s complicated bureaucracy.
"Outside-of the classroom learning really makes a big difference", Fangmeyer said.
词汇：
bunch /bʌntʃ/n．群
marathon /"mærə,θən/n．马拉松；耐力活动
fundraiser /"fʌnd"reizə/n．募捐
weather /"weðə(r)/v．经受风雨
bureaucracy /bju"rakrəsi/n．官僚机构
注释：
1.Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky．让一群大学生去负责募集30万美元的马拉松式的跳舞活动，这种募捐听起来肯定有点儿冒险。"putting... in charge of…”是“让……负责……”。
2.Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at theUniversityofWisconsin, conducted a survey in February of students involved in campus organizations. Yvonne Fangmeyer是威斯康星大学学生组织办公室主任，在2月组织了一次学生参加校园组织的调查。"a survey of students involved in campus organizations”太长了，所以“in February”插到了中间。
3. team up：参加。
An extracurricular activity like raising a fund of $300,000 is risky because most student leaders_________.
A:are lazy B:are stupid C:are not rich enough D:will not take an interest in it
The reason (why) Jack (failed) to (attend) the lecture is (because) he had a bad cold.
A:why B:failed C:attend D:because
Nobody (likes) her (because) she always (behaves) as if she (is) a queen.
A:likes B:because C:behaves D:is
The reason (why) Jack (failed) to (attend) the lecture is (because) he had a bad cold.
A:why B:failed C:attend D:because
The reason (why) Jack (failed) to (attend) the lecture is (because) he had a bad cold.
A:why B:failed C:attend D:because
Nobody (likes) her (because) she always (behaves) as if she (is) a queen.
A:likes B:because C:behaves D:is
单选集
