Louis Armstrong sang, "When you’re smiling, the whole world smiles with you." Romantics everywhere may be surprised to learn that psychological research has proven this sentiment to be true--merely seeing a smile (or a frown, for that matter) will acti- vate the muscles in our face that make that expression, even if we are unaware of it. Now, according to a new study in Psychological Science, simply reading certain words may also have the same effect.
Psychologists Francesco Foroni from VU University Amsterdam and Gun R. Semin from the University of Utrecht conducted two experiments to see if emotion language has an influence on facial muscle activity. In the first experiment, a group of students read a series of emotion verbs (e.g., "to smile," "to cry") and adjectives (e.g., "funny," "frustrating") on a monitor, while the activity of their zygomatic major (the muscle responsible for smiles) and corrugator supercilii (which causes frowns) muscles were measured. The results showed that reading action verbs activated the corresponding muscles. For example, "to laugh" resulted in activation of the zygomatic major muscle, but did not cause any response in the muscles responsible for frowning. Interestingly, when presented with the emotion adjectives like "funny" or "frustrating" the volunteers demonstrated much lower muscle activation compared to their reactions to emotion verbs. The researchers note that muscle activity is "induced in the reader when reading verbs representing facial expressions of emotion."
Can this natural bodily reaction affect our judgments In another experiment, volunteers watched a series of cartoons and were unconsciously shown emotion verbs and adjectives after each one. They were then asked to rate how funny they thought the cartoons were. Half of the participants held a pen with their lips, to prevent them from smiling, while the remaining participants did not have their muscle movement blocked. The results reveal that even when emotion verbs are presented unconsciously, they are able to influence judgment--volun- teers found cartoons to be funnier when they were preceded by smiling verbs than if they were preceded by frowning-related verbs. However, this effect only occurred in the volunteers who were able to smile--volunteers who had muscle movement blocked did not show this relationship between emotion verbs and how funny they judged the cartoons as being.
The results of these experiments reveal that simply reading emotion verbs activates specific facial muscles and can influence judgments we make. The researchers note these findings suggest that "language is not merely symbolic, but also somatic," and they conclude that "these experiments provide an important bridge between research on the neurobiological basis of language and related behavioral research./
Francesco Foroni and Gun R. Semin have found in their second experiment that

A:simply reading emotion words will activate the muscles in our face. B:emotion verbs will affect our judgments only when presented unconsciously. C:the smiling verbs preceding the cartoons made the cartoons funnier. D:not all participants fell under the influence of emotion verbs.

People can not (but) feel (puzzling), for they (simply cannot) understand how he (could have made) such a stupid mistake.（　）

A:but B:puzzling C:simply cannot D:could have made

People can (not) but feel (puzzling), for they (simply cannot) understand how he (could have made) such a stupid mistake.（　）

A:not B:puzzling C:simply D:could have made

In 1957 a doctor in Singapore noticed that hospitals were treating an unusual number of influenza-like (像流感的) cases. Influenza is sometimes called "flu" or a bad cold". He took samples from the throats of patients and in his hospital was able to find the virus (病毒) of this influenza.
There are three main types of the influenza virus. The most important of these are types A and B, each of them having several sub-groups. With the instruments at the hospital the doctor recognized that the outbreak was due to a virus group A, but he did not know the subgroup. He reported the outbreak to the World Health Organization in Geneva. W.H.O. published the important news alongside reports of a similar outbreak in Hong Kong, where about 15-20% of the population had become ill.
As soon as the London doctors received the package of throat samples, they began the standard tests. They found that by reproducing itself at very high speed, the virus had multiplied more than a million times within two days. Continuing their careful tests, the doctors checked the effect of drugs used against all the known sub-groups of type A virus on this virus. None of them gave any protection. This then, Was something new: a new influenza virus against which the people of the world had no ready help whatsoever.
Having isolated the virus they were working with, the two doctors now conducted tests on some specially selected animals, which contact influenza in the same way as human beings do. In a short time the usual signs of the disease appeared. These experiments revealed that the new virus spread easily, but that it was not a killer. Scientists, like the general public, called it simply "Asian" flu.

What is the writes’s attitude towards the Asian flu（）

A:He simply reports the disease objectively. B:He is worried about the spread of the disease. C:He is disappointed at the tests of the London doctors. D:He believes that the disease will soon be controlle

In 1957 a doctor in Singapore noticed that hospitals were treating an unusual number of influenza-like (像流感的) cases. Influenza is sometimes called "flu" or a bad cold". He took samples from the throats of patients and in his hospital was able to find the virus (病毒) of this influenza.
There are three main types of the influenza virus. The most important of these are types A and B, each of them having several sub-groups. With the instruments at the hospital the doctor recognized that the outbreak was due to a virus group A, but he did not know the subgroup. He reported the outbreak to the World Health Organization in Geneva. W.H.O. published the important news alongside reports of a similar outbreak in Hong Kong, where about 15-20% of the population had become ill.
As soon as the London doctors received the package of throat samples, they began the standard tests. They found that by reproducing itself at very high speed, the virus had multiplied more than a million times within two days. Continuing their careful tests, the doctors checked the effect of drugs used against all the known sub-groups of type A virus on this virus. None of them gave any protection. This then, Was something new: a new influenza virus against which the people of the world had no ready help whatsoever.
Having isolated the virus they were working with, the two doctors now conducted tests on some specially selected animals, which contact influenza in the same way as human beings do. In a short time the usual signs of the disease appeared. These experiments revealed that the new virus spread easily, but that it was not a killer. Scientists, like the general public, called it simply "Asian" flu.
What is the writes’s attitude towards the Asian flu

A:He simply reports the disease objectively. B:He is worried about the spread of the disease. C:He is disappointed at the tests of the London doctors. D:He believes that the disease will soon be controlle

Passage 2

What’s the author’s attitude towards the Asian flu ______.

A:He simply reports the disease objectively B:He is worried about the spread of the disease C:He is disappointed at the tests of the London doctors D:He believes that the disease will soon be controlled

In 1957 a doctor in Singapore noticed that hospitals were treating an unusual number of influenza-like (像流感的) cases. Influenza is sometimes called "flu" or a bad cold". He took samples from the throats of patients and in his hospital was able to find the virus (病毒) of this influenza.
There are three main types of the influenza virus. The most important of these are types A and B, each of them having several sub-groups. With the instruments at the hospital the doctor recognized that the outbreak was due to a virus group A, but he did not know the subgroup. He reported the outbreak to the World Health Organization in Geneva. W.H.O. published the important news alongside reports of a similar outbreak in Hong Kong, where about 15-20% of the population had become ill.
As soon as the London doctors received the package of throat samples, they began the standard tests. They found that by reproducing itself at very high speed, the virus had multiplied more than a million times within two days. Continuing their careful tests, the doctors checked the effect of drugs used against all the known sub-groups of type A virus on this virus. None of them gave any protection. This then, Was something new: a new influenza virus against which the people of the world had no ready help whatsoever.
Having isolated the virus they were working with, the two doctors now conducted tests on some specially selected animals, which contact influenza in the same way as human beings do. In a short time the usual signs of the disease appeared. These experiments revealed that the new virus spread easily, but that it was not a killer. Scientists, like the general public, called it simply "Asian" flu.

What is the writes’s attitude towards the Asian flu（　）

A:He simply reports the disease objectively. B:He is worried about the spread of the disease. C:He is disappointed at the tests of the London doctors. D:He believes that the disease will soon be controlled.

Sleepwalking (梦游)
? ?Not all sleep is the same every night. We experience some deep, quiet sleep and some active sleep, which is when dreams happen. You might think sleepwalking would happen during active sleep, but a person isn’t physically active during active sleep. Sleepwalking usually happens in the first few hours of sleep in the stage called slow-wave or deep sleep.
? ?Not all sleepwalkers actually walk. Some simply sit up or stand in bed or act like they’re awake when in fact, they’re asleep! Most, however, do get up and move around for a few seconds or for as long as half an hour.
? ?Sleepwalkers’ eyes are open, but they don’t see the same way they do when they’re awake and often think they’re in different rooms of the house or different places altogether’. Sleepwalkers tend to go back to bed on their own and they won’t remember it in the morning.
? ?Researchers estimate that about 15% of kids sleepwalk regularly. Sleepwalking may run in families (在家族中世代相传) and sometimes occurs when a person is sick, has a fever, is not getting enough sleep, or is stressed (紧张).
? ?If sleepwalking occurs frequently, every night or so, it’s a good idea for your mom or dad to take you to see your doctor. But occasional sleepwalking generally isn’t something to worry about, although it may look funny or even scary (骇人的) for the people who see a sleepwalker in action.
? ?Although occasional sleepwalking isn’t a big deal, it’s important, of course, that the person is kept safe. Precautions (预防措施) should be taken so the person is less likely to fall down, run into something, or walk out the front door while sleepwalking.

What most sleepwalkers do is ______.

A:simply sit up B:simply stand in bed C:get up and walk for some time D:get up and walk for hours

? ?下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}

What most sleepwalkers do is

A:simply sit up. B:simply stand in bed. C:get up and walk for hours. D:get up and walk for some time.

In many ways, though, definition of such skills is quite unnecessary for an analysis of policing. It is really most unlikely that the average police officer will ever in his career perform or even witness those detective skills that he has enjoyed in countless TV products. The reason for this is simply that the vast majority of crimes are usually either very likely to be solved by routine investigation or they are very unlikely to be solved at all. Fortunately, the clear - up rate for serious crimes tends to be very high. Zander( 1979 )has shown why. In his study of Old bailey cases ,the identity of the defendant(被告) seems to have been reasonably clear in 87% of cases. Morgan (1980 and ongoing)has shown that well over 92% of crimes known to the police are discovered by the public who provide the majority of decisive information. In Morgan’s study, crimes that were" solved" contained in their crime files over twice the amount of qualitative information as crimes that were not" solved". The various bits of information in value in terms of probability of detection, "solving" of the crime. In this, where information was provided by the public during a police interview, the information was believed to the police" since it was felt that in an interview genuine police skills are involved in the collection of information. "Evidently this method can be justified thus, but will necessarily overestimate the police role. Nevertheless, in this analysis of crime files it was shown that in cases where crimes were solves, the public still provided nearly twice the amount of information as the police.
According to the passage, the vast majority of crimes

A:are very likely solve by routine investigation. B:can not be solved simply through routine investigation. C:are unlikely to be cleared up at all. D:can not be solved because the defendants are unknown.