Judith S. Weis, a biology professor who serves as ² president of the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) is leading a nationwide effort to “defend，，the theory of evolution. Weis leads the effort in the face of what the institute views as opposition and indifference from school boards and government entities ³.

    The Institute believes that the teaching of evolution in Americais being diminished by the teaching of creationism as well as by an overall lack of teachingDarwin"s ⁴ theory in high school. "There"s nothing that requires schools to teach evolution. Sometimes teachers in high schools just leave it out ⁵ . However, from the point of view of biologists, evolution is the central theory of biology upon which everything is based," said Weis. "Unfortunately, teaching evolution has become a political issue in many parts of the country and AIBS, as a representative of biologists, wanted to be a major force speaking out in favor of its teaching." ⁶

    Weis said the institute is working together with the American Geological Institute and the National Association of Biology Teachers and its 80-plus member organizations ⁷ to address ⁸ the political and legislative threats to teaching evolution. In states challenging its teaching, the institute responds by sending letters to school boards and state legislatures, by providing testimony at public meetings and by notifying members and affiliated organizations. AIBS, with more than 80 member societies and 250,000 members, has established an e-mail system enabling scientists and teachers in each state, and member societies, to keep each other informed about threats to the teaching of evolution.

    Darwin"s theory of evolution holds that living things change and adapt to their environment and that present-day species (including human beings) are descended from earlier species through modification by natural selection. The theory has been accepted by scientists for nearly 100 years, Weis said, and has been refined, extended and strengthened over the years by findings in paleontology and developmental biology.

    Discoveries in genetics, molecular biology ⁹ and genomics — all of which provide significant benefits for human health — would not be possible without the underlying ¹⁰ knowledge of evolution. And, Weis adds, "modern molecular biology and genomics have increased our understanding of how evolution works." Nonetheless, evolution remains a politically, if not scientifically, controversial issue.

    Weis said that this year alone, seven states have had either local or statewide efforts to water down ¹¹ the teaching of evolution, or "balance" it with the teaching of creationism 一 a religious belief that different species were created separately by a higher power, such as God. "Rarely does anyone now use the word ‘creationism，，because that"s too obvious," Weis said. "The current terminology is ‘intelligent design.

词汇：

creationism /krii"eijenizam/ n.神仓论

legislature /"ledgisleitja/ n.立法机关

affiliated organization 附属机构

refine/n"fain/v.精炼，提纯;改进

paleontology [ˌpælɪɒn"tɒlədʒɪ] n.古生物学

genetics /dji"netiks/ n.遗传

genomics [dʒə"nəʊmɪks] n.基因学 terminology [ˌtɜ:mɪ"nɒlədʒɪ]   n.术语

注释：

1.the theory of evolution:进化论

2.serve as:担任

3. Weis leads the effort in the face of what the institute views as opposition and indifference fromschool boards and govemment entities.研究所看到了来自学校董事会和政府部门的反对和冷漠，尽管如此，Weis仍然带领大家为捍卫进化论而努力。in the face of:意为“despite the opposition of”（不管，不顾）。

entity：实体。business entity:企业单位，营业单位。

4.Darwin:达尔文(1809-1882)，英国博物学家，进化论创始人。

5. leave it out:忽略，遗漏

6.speak out in favor of its teaching:为进化论教育而疾呼speak out:大胆地说，大声地说in favor of:in support of支持；赞同

7. 80-plus member organizations:80多个会员组织。plus:超过的，略大的，例如：All the children here are 10 plus.这些孩子年龄都在10岁或10岁以上。Her mark was B plus。她的分数是B+。

8.address:意为“to deal with”（处理，解决，对付）。例如：to address the issue of terrorist attack:对付__的问题

9.molecular biology:分子生物学

10. underlying:意为“basic；fundamental”（基础的；基本的）。

11. water down:冲淡，掺水，打折扣

Why do people replace the term creationism with the term intelligent design nowadays?

A:Because "intelligent design" represents the modified theory of evolution B:Because they believe God created different species C:Because the term creationism is unscientific D:Because the term creationism is too direct

There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.
The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.
Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.

A:if we complete our short-range goals B:if we cannot reach solid short-term goals C:if we write down the dates D:if we put forward some plans

There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.
The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.
Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.

A:two years B:long-term goals C:current activities D:the goals that have been completed

There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.
The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.
Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.

A:those who habe long-term goals will succeed B:writing down the dates may discourage you C:the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desination D:every should have a goal

Kornshell环境下执行下列的语句：TERM空格=空格vt100。下列说法正确的是（）。

A:不能执行，但改成setTERM空格=空格vt100将执行 B:执行，但是TERM=vt100将不执行 C:执行，但是TERM空格=vt100将不执行 D:不执行，但是TERM=vt100将执行

Psychotherapy for as long as nine months is significantly more effective than short-term treatment for alleviating depression associated with bipolar disease, new research suggests.
The drugs used to treat depression are of limited use in treating the repeating depressive episodes of bipolar illness, according to background information in the article, published last week in The Archives of General Psychiatry.
The researchers studied 293 patients with bipolar disease at 15 medical centers nationwide. They randomly assigned one group of 163 people to one of three kinds of psychotherapy consisting of up to 30 50-minute sessions over nine months.
A second group of 130 patients was assigned to "collaborative care," three sessions over six weeks designed to offer a brief version of the most common psychological and behavioral strategies shown to be beneficial in bipolar illness. The participants, whose average age was 40, were followed for one year, and all were also being treated with mood-stabilizing medicines.
Cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on challenging and controlling negative thoughts. In interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, patients concentrate on stabilizing daily routines and resolving interpersonal problems. Family therapy engages family members to help solve problems related to the illness, like failing to take medication properly, and to reduce the number of negative family interactions.
Therapists at each of the 15 medical centers received brief training in the therapies they administered.
"The study included real-world patients experiencing the early phases of a depressive episode," said David J. Miklowitz, the study’s lead author. "And the therapists who delivered the treatment were trained by experts in the field with low-intensity training, which is typical of what’s available in real-life practice."
Recovery rates after one year were a combined average of 64 percent for the intensive therapy groups, but only 52 percent for those who had brief therapy. In any given month, a patient undergoing longer-term therapy was more than one and a half times as likely to be well as one who had short-term treatment. Family therapy was slightly more effective than interpersonal or cognitive behavioral therapy, but the differences among the types of intensive treatment were not statistically significant.
"This is a monumental study," said a professor of psychiatry who was not involved in the work. "There are no pharmaceutical companies willing to pay for research in psychotherapy, so we don’t have many clinical trials." But, she added: "Psychosocial treatment for bipolar illness is not an alternative to medication. It’s a supplement."
The cost of long-term therapy is high, and insurance companies are reluctant to cover it. But according to the professor, the cost of not covering it could be higher. "It isn’t just the cost of the therapy. It’s the long-term cost. Bipolar illness has devastating effects on families as well as on the patients themselves./
It is better for insurance companies to cover the cost of long-term therapy because

A:the cost of the long-term therapy is high. B:bipolar illness is very costly. C:the adverse effects of bipolar illness are higher. D:long-term insurance is beneficial.

Psychotherapy for as long as nine months is significantly more effective than short-term treatment for alleviating depression associated with bipolar disease, new research suggests.
The drugs used to treat depression are of limited use in treating the repeating depressive episodes of bipolar illness, according to background information in the article, published last week in The Archives of General Psychiatry.
The researchers studied 293 patients with bipolar disease at 15 medical centers nationwide. They randomly assigned one group of 163 people to one of three kinds of psychotherapy consisting of up to 30 50-minute sessions over nine months.
A second group of 130 patients was assigned to "collaborative care," three sessions over six weeks designed to offer a brief version of the most common psychological and behavioral strategies shown to be beneficial in bipolar illness. The participants, whose average age was 40, were followed for one year, and all were also being treated with mood-stabilizing medicines.
Cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on challenging and controlling negative thoughts. In interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, patients concentrate on stabilizing daily routines and resolving interpersonal problems. Family therapy engages family members to help solve problems related to the illness, like failing to take medication properly, and to reduce the number of negative family interactions.
Therapists at each of the 15 medical centers received brief training in the therapies they administered.
"The study included real-world patients experiencing the early phases of a depressive episode," said David J. Miklowitz, the study’s lead author. "And the therapists who delivered the treatment were trained by experts in the field with low-intensity training, which is typical of what’s available in real-life practice."
Recovery rates after one year were a combined average of 64 percent for the intensive therapy groups, but only 52 percent for those who had brief therapy. In any given month, a patient undergoing longer-term therapy was more than one and a half times as likely to be well as one who had short-term treatment. Family therapy was slightly more effective than interpersonal or cognitive behavioral therapy, but the differences among the types of intensive treatment were not statistically significant.
"This is a monumental study," said a professor of psychiatry who was not involved in the work. "There are no pharmaceutical companies willing to pay for research in psychotherapy, so we don’t have many clinical trials." But, she added: "Psychosocial treatment for bipolar illness is not an alternative to medication. It’s a supplement."
The cost of long-term therapy is high, and insurance companies are reluctant to cover it. But according to the professor, the cost of not covering it could be higher. "It isn’t just the cost of the therapy. It’s the long-term cost. Bipolar illness has devastating effects on families as well as on the patients themselves."

A:the cost of the long-term therapy is high. B:bipolar illness is very costly. C:the adverse effects of bipolar illness are higher. D:long-term insurance is beneficial.

Directions: There are 4 passages in this part, each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage 1

A:A highly-motivated student with a long-term goal B:A student with no motivation C:A student who has to study because of the curriculum D:A student with the urge to pass the exam