She felt suitably humble just as she ______ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.

A:had B:had had C:would have had D:has had

She felt suitably humble just as she _____ when he had first taken a good look at herself, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.

A:had B:had had C:would have had D:has had

______ I went to the hospital to see Jack, who had ______ had an operation.

A:Just now; just now Just now; just B:Just; just C:Just; Just now

We （）our dinner when a policeman came to the door.

A:just had B:have just had C:just have had D:had just had

______ I went to the hospital to see Jack, who had ______ had an operation.

A:Just now; just now B:Just now; just C:Just; just D:Just; Just now

We ______ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.

A:just have had B:have just had C:just had D:had just had

For chronically ill patients, giving up the hope that they will get better may actually lead to more happiness, U.S. researchers suggest.
"Hope is an important part of happiness, but there’s a dark side of hope. Sometimes, if hope makes people put off getting on with their life, it can get in the way of happiness," Dr. Peter A. Ubel from the University of Michigan Health System said in a university news release.
He and his colleagues studied patients who’d just had a colostomy (结肠造口术), which means their colons (结肠) were removed and they had to have howe1 (肠) movements in a pouch (小袋) outside the body. At the time of the surgery, some patients were told the procedure was reversible and they’d have a second operation in a few months to reconnect their bowels. Other patients were told the colostomy was permanent.
The patients were followed for six months, and the researchers found that those without hope of regaining normal bowel function were happier than those with reversible colostomies.
"We think they were happier because they got on with their life. They realized the cards they were dealt, and recognized that they had no choice but to play with those cards," Ubel said. "The other group was waiting for their colostomy to be reversed. They contrasted their current life with the life they hoped to lead, and didn’t make the best of their current situation. "
The study, published in the November edition of Health Psychology, also may explain why people whose spouse dies often recover better emotionally over time than those who get divorced, the researchers said.
That’s because people whose husband or wife dies have closure (结束), while those who get divorced may still have hope for some chance of making up, they explained.

What had happened to the patients under study（　）

A:They had just survived an accident. B:They had just had an operation. C:They had just injured their colons. D:They had just made some pouches.

? ?Holding on to hope may not make patients happier as they deal with chronic illness or diseases, according to a new study by University of Michigan Health System researchers.
? ?"Hope is an important part of happiness," said Peter A Ubel M. D, director of the U-M Center for Behavioral and Decision Sciences in Medicine and one of the authors of the happily hopeless study, "but there’s a dark side of hope. Sometimes, if hope makes people put off getting on with their life, it can get in the way of happiness. "
? ?The results showed that people do not adapt well to situations if they are believed to be short-term. Ubel and his co-authors both from U-M and Carnegie Mellon University studied patients who had new colostomies: their colons were removed and they had to have bowel movements in a pouch that lies outside their body.
? ?At the time they received their colostomy, some patients were told that the colostomy was reversible that they would undergo a second operation to reconnect their bowels after several months. Others were told that the colostomy was permanent and that they would never have normal bowel function again. The second group, the one without hope, reported being happier over the next six months than those with reversible colostomies.
? ?"We think they were happier because they got on with their lives. They realized the cards they were dealt, and recognized that they had no choice but to play with those cards, " says Ubel, who is also a professor in the Department of Internal Medicine.
? ?"The other group was waiting for their colostomy to be reversed," he added. "They contrasted their current life with the life they hoped to lead, and didn’t make the best of their current situation. "
? ?"Hopeful messages may not be in the best interests of the patient and may interfere with the patient’s emotional adaptation," Ubel says. "I don’t think we should take hope away. But I think we have to be careful about building up people’s hope so much that they put off living their lives. /

What had happened to the patients under study?

A:They had just survived an accident. B:They had just had an operation. C:They had just injured their colons. D:They had just made some pouches.

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What had happened to the patients under study?

A:They had just survived an accident. B:They had just had an operation. C:They had just injured their colons. D:They had just made some pouches.