Lawyers are regarded as Darth Vaders of the New Age in America. America has become overpopulated with lawyers—the legal profession has transformed the American system into a government of the lawyers, by the lawyers and for the lawyers. This has led to an explosion of litigation(诉讼), which has burdened the paying public with billions in legal bills. These are paid by all the people in the form of higher costs, higher prices and lower productivity.
As a group, lawyers are one of the most reactionary forces in American society. In an age when we need cooperation and self-responsibility, they promote conflict and blame. Where we need unity, they promote division. Where we need honest communications, they practice the art of distortion in an effort to win legal games.
A recent study reported in the San Francisco Chronicle found lawyers bad for the economy. They are obviously bad for the total society; they have been called America’s own home grown terrorists due to their explosive, random, and negative impact on the nation. It has been suggested that nothing would benefit the society more than a five year moratorium(延期偿付) on all civil litigation and locking down the law schools until the next century. Of course, this will never happen. Lawyers are powerful figures in the Receding Age and they will not readily surrender their privileged positions.
Given the negative impact of lawyers on society in general, it is not surprising that they have had a very negative impact upon the employee-employer relationship as well. The number of so-called "wrongful discharge" cases has increased dramatically as lawyers have found a new area to exploit. Some employees now spend more time documenting their cases against their employers for future litigation than they do performing their duties.

Which of the following is NOT the result of excessive lawyers in America（）

A:Higher costs. B:Higher prices. C:Lower productivity. D:Lower crime rat

On Friday, a sociologist from the University of New Hampshire, Murray Straus, presented a paper at the International Conference on Violence, Abuse and Trauma, in San Diego, suggesting that corporal (身体的) punishment does leave a long -lasting mark -in the form of lower IQ. Straus, who is 83 and has been studying corporal punishment since 1969, found that kids who were physically punished had up to a five - point lower IQ score than kids who weren’t - the more children were spanked, the lower their IQ--and that the effect could be seen not only in individual children, but across entire nations. Among 32 countries Straus studied, in those where spanking was accepted, the average IQ of the survey population was lower than in nations where spanking was rare, the researcher says.

A:According to Straus, physical punishment leaves a permanent mark on the child in the form of a lasting scar on the body. in the form of lower IQ. B:in the form of mental disorder. C:in the form of violence inclination.

? ?Happily married people have lower blood pressure ?(51) ? unhappily married people or singles, a Brigham Young University study says.
? ?On the other hand, even having a supportive social network did not translate into a blood pressure benefit for singles or unhappily ?(52) ? people, according to the study.
? ?"There seem to be some unique health benefits from marriage. It’s not just being married ?(53) ? ?benefits health-what’s really the most protective of health is having a happy ?(54) ? ," study author Julianne Holt-Lunstad, a psychologist who specializes in relationships and health, said in a prepared statement.
? ?The study included 204 married and 99 ?(55) ? adults who wore portable blood-pressure monitors for 24 hours. The ?(56) ? recorded blood pressure at random intervals and provided a total of about 72 readings.
? ?"We wanted to capture participants’ blood pressure doing whatever they normally ?(57) ? in everyday life. Getting one or two readings in a clinic is not really ?(58) ? of the fluctuations that occur throughout the day," Holt-Lunstad said.
? ?Overall, happily married people scored four points ?(59) ? on the blood pressure readings than single adults. The study also found that blood ?(60) ? among married people especially those in happy marriages ?(61) ? more during sleep than in single people.
? ?"Research has shown that people whose blood pressure remains high throughout the night are at ?(62) ? greater risk of heart disease than people whose blood pressure drops," HoltLunstad said.
? ?The study was published in the March 20 ?(63) ? of the journal Annals of Behavioral Medicine.
? ?The study also found that unhappily married adults have higher blood pressure than ?(64) ? ?happily married and single adults.
? ?Holt-Lunstad noted that married couples can encourage healthy habits in one ?(65) ? ,such as eating a healthy diet and having regular doctor visits. People in happy marriages also have a source of emotional support, she said.

A:most B:lower C:higher D:least

On Friday, a sociologist from the University of New Hampshire, Murray Straus, presented a paper at the International Conference on Violence, Abuse and Trauma, in San Diego, suggesting that corporal (身体的) punishment does leave a long -lasting mark -in the form of lower IQ. Straus, who is 83 and has been studying corporal punishment since 1969, found that kids who were physically punished had up to a five - point lower IQ score than kids who weren’t - the more children were spanked, the lower their IQ--and that the effect could be seen not only in individual children, but across entire nations. Among 32 countries Straus studied, in those where spanking was accepted, the average IQ of the survey population was lower than in nations where spanking was rare, the researcher says.
According to Straus, physical punishment leaves a permanent mark on the child

A:in the form of a lasting scar on the body. B:in the form of lower IQ. C:in the form of mental disorder. D:in the form of violence inclination.

From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for humankind’ s future 3 and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language. They 5 thatour highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually,9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore, there are critical 10 times for language development. Current 11 of the innateness theory are mixed; however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed. 16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child’ s language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.

A:various B:different C:the higher D:the lower

From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first (16) , they were like newborn children, unable to use this (17) tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for humankind’s future (18) and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is (19) for our ability to produce and use language. They (20) that our highly evolved brain provides us (21) an innate language ability not found in lower (22) . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our (23) for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, (24) a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore, there are critical (25) times for language development.
Current (26) of the innateness theory are mixed ; however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. (27) , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in (28) grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being (29) to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the (30) of their first language have become firmly fixed.
(31) some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been (32) from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that (33) with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language (34) than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. (35) , children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child’s language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
Ⅱ．完形填空/Cloze
阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出最佳选项。

A:various B:different C:the higher D:the lower

From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for humankind’ s future 3 and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language. They 5 thatour highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually,9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore, there are critical 10 times for language development. Current 11 of the innateness theory are mixed; however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed. 16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child’ s language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.

A:various B:different C:the higher D:the lower

From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for humankind’ s future 3 and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language. They 5 thatour highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually,9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore, there are critical 10 times for language development. Current 11 of the innateness theory are mixed; however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed. 16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child’ s language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.

A:various B:different C:the higher D:the lower