The United Stateshas moved beyond the industrial economy stage to the point where it has become the world’s first service economy ¹. Almost three-fourths of the nonfarm labor force is employed in service industries, and over two-thirds of the nation’s gross national product is accounted for by services. Also, service jobs typically hold up better during a recession than do jobs in industries producing tangible goods ².

    During the 20-year period of 1966 to 1986, about 36 million new jobs were created in theUnited States—far more than inJapanandWestern Europecombined. About 90 percent of these jobs were in service industries. During this same time span, some 22 million women joined the labor force—and 97 percent of these women went to work in the service sector. These employment trends are expected to continue at least until the year 2000. For the period 1986-2000, the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that over 21 million new jobs will be created and 93 percent of them will be in service industries.

    Moreover, most of this explosive growth in services employment is not in low-paying jobs, contrary to the beliefs of many economists 3, business and labor leaders, and politicians. These people argue that manufacturing jobs, which have been the economic foundation ofAmerica"s middle class, are vanishing. They claim that factory workers are being replaced with a host of 4 low-wage earners. It is true that manufacturing jobs have declined, with many of them going to foreign countries. It is also true that there has been growth in some low-paying service jobs. Yet cooks and counter people still represent only 1 percent of theU. S.labor force today: Furthermore, for many years the fastest-growing occupational category has been “professional, technical, and related work.” These jobs pay well above the average, and most are in service industries.

    About one-half of consumer expenditures are for the purchase of services. Projections to the year 2000 5 indicate that services will attract an even larger share of consumer spending. A drawback of the service economy boom is that the prices of most services have been going up at a considerably faster rate than the prices of most tangible products. You are undoubtedly aware of this if you have had your car or TV set repaired, had your shoes half-soled, or paid a medical bill in recent years.

    When we say that services account for close to one-half of consumer expenditures 6, we still grossly understate the economic importance of services. These figures do not include the vast amounts spent for business services. By all indications 7, spending for business services has increased even more rapidly than spending for consumer services.

词汇

gross national product 国民生产总值，略作

GNP tangible goods 有形商品

drawback [ˈdrɔ:bæk] n.缺点 不利条件 退款  退税;

understated [ˌʌndəˈsteɪtɪd] vi.没有充分表达实情地陈述，打折扣地报道

注释：