组合育种（combination breeding）

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During the 1990s boom Dell Computer’s customers got hooked on speed. Most were willing to pay a premium to have their computers shipped by overnight air express. But today, the equation has flipped. Customers prize cost savings over speed. "Now, most of our computers [in the U. S. ] are shipped on the ground —— and we can still reach just about everyone within two days," says Fred Montoya, Dell’s vice president for worldwide logistics.
Express air shipping isn’t in a death spiral. But recession-spooked consumers and manufacturers are less willing to pay for overnight delivery, which is three to five times more expensive than ground shipping. Even when they pay, satisfaction is not guaranteed. After September 11, security scrutiny of air freight can result in long delays——which means roads may actually be faster. That’s another reason why the number of packages shipped by air domestically fell 7.6% in 2001. And even with the recovery under way, air express volume is forecast to rebound by just 3% this year. "There’s a mass migration from air to trucks," says Jerry Levy, marketing director for air shipper Bax Global Inc.
The industry’s giants are ready to roll with the change. In the past several years, Fe-dEx and UPS have rebuilt their ground networks as a series of regional hubs able to deliver most packages overnight within a 700 mile radius. "Now, we can move a package in the most expedient way ground or air or a combination of both," says Tom Weidemeyer, UPS’ chief operating officer and president of its airline unit. New technologies——including bar coding, satellite tracking, online billing and status——are easing the transition. Even impatient customers are willing to do without overnight delivery "if they know when [a shipment] will arrive," notes Brian Clancy, a principal at industry consultant Merge-Global Inc.
The grounding of so much freight is solidifying the lead of UPS and FedEx. "We’re able to keep business in the family that we might have lost," says William Margaritis, FedEx’s corporate vice-president for worldwide communications. His company has invested $ 700 million in a new ground-delivery network while deferring the delivery of 123 aircraft. And strict new security requirements have forced the passenger airlines to stop carrying packages for the U. S. Postal Service, notes Richard Lung, director of revenue management at United Airlines Inc. ’s cargo unit. And small shippers, whether air or truck, lack the capital to build hybrid networks. "We got caught with our pants down," says Levy of Bax Global, which added a ground-delivery unit in 2000. Slow and steady really does win the race.

As used in the text, "hybrid networks" are best related to（）

A:a new net of ground connections. B:security scrutiny on packages. C:a combination of air and ground. D:mass transport on special vehicles.

Text 4
During the 1990s boom Dell Computer’s customers got hooked on speed. Most were willing to pay a premium to have their computers shipped by overnight air express. But today, the equation has flipped. Customers prize cost savings over speed. "Now, most of our computers (in the U.S. ) are shipped on the ground--and we can still reach just about everyone within two days," says Fred Montoya, Dell’s vice-president for worldwide logistics.
Express air shipping isn’t in a death spiral. But recession-spooked consumers and manufacturers are less willing to pay for overnight delivery, which is three to five times more expensive than ground shipping. Even when they pay, satisfaction is not guaranteed. After September 11th, security scrutiny of air freight can result in long delays-which means roads may actually be faster. That’s another reason why the number of packages shipped by air domestically fell 7.6% in 2001. And even with the recovery under way, air-express volume is forecast to rebound by just 3% this year. "There’s a mass migration from air to trucks," says Jerry Levy, marketing director for air shipper Bax Global Inc.
The industry’s giants are ready to roll with the change. In the past several years, Fe-dEx and UPS have rebuilt their ground networks as a series of regional hubs able to deliver most packages overnight within a 700-mile radius. "Now, we can move a package in the most expedient way-ground or air or a combination of both," says Tom Weidemeyer, UPS’ chief operating officer and president of its airline unit. New technologies--including bar coding, satellite tracking, online billing and status--are easing the transition. Even impatient customers are willing to do without overnight delivery "if they know when (a shipment) will arrive," notes Brian Clancy, a principal at industry consultant Merge-Global Inc.
The grounding of so much freight is solidifying the lead of UPS and FedEx. "We’re able to keep business in the family that we might have lost," says William Margaritis, FedEx’s corporate vice-president for worldwide communications. His company has invested $ 700 million in a new ground-delivery network while deferring the delivery of 123 aircraft. And strict new security requirements have forced the passenger airlines to stop carrying packages for the U. S. Postal Service, notes Richard Lung, director of revenue management at United Airlines Inc. ’s cargo unit. And small shippers, whether air or truck, lack the capital to build hybrid networks. "We got caught with our pants down," says Levy of Bax Global, which added a ground-delivery unit in 2000. Slow and steady really does win the race.

As used in the text, "hybrid networks" are best related to（）

A:a new net of ground connections. B:security scrutiny on packages. C:a combination of air and ground. D:mass transport on special vehicles.

Marketing is a total system of business activites designed to plan, price, promote, and distribute want-satisfying products to target markets to achieve organizational objectives. This definition implies that the entire system of business activitiis should be customer-oriented, and a marketing program should start with an idea about a new product and should not end until the customer’s wants are completely satisfied, which may be sometime after the sale is made.
The combination of the four primary elements that comprise a company’s marketing program is termed the marketing mix. The design, implementation, and evaluation of the marketing mix constitute the bulk of a firm’s marketing effort.
The four elements of the marketing mix are.
·Product—Managing the product ingredient includes planning and developing the right goods and/or services to be marketed by the company. Strategic decisions are also needed for changing existing products, adding new ones, and taking other actions that affect the assortment(分类) of products carried. Strategic decisions are also needed regarding branding, packaging, and various other product features.
·Price—Management must determine the right base price for its products. It must then decide on strategies concerning discounts, freight (货运) payments, and many other price-related factors.
·Distribution—Even though marketing intermediaries(中介)— primarily wholesalers and retailers are largely a noncontrollable environmental factor, an executive has considerable latitude when working with them. Management’s responsibility is to select and manage the trade channels through which the products will reach the right market at the right time and develop a distribution system for physically handling and transporting the products through these channels.
·Promotion—Management needs to inform and persuade the market regarding a company’s products. Advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and publicity are the major promotional activities.
The four ingredients in the marketing mix are interrelated; decisions in one area usually affect actions in the others. Each of the four also contains countless variables. A company may market one item or several—related or unrelated. The item may be distributed through wholesalers or directly to retailers, and so on. Ultimately (最后) ,from the multitude of variables, management must select the combination that will best adapt to the environment, satisfy target markets, and still meet marketing and organizational goals.
What are the two words in the passage which are the synonyms of "element" and "mix" which appear in the first sentence of the paragraph ______.

A:Assortment/Combination. B:Ingredient/Combination. C:Variable/Ingredient. D:Strategies/Variable.

Marketing is a total system of business activites designed to plan, price, promote, and distribute want-satisfying products to target markets to achieve organizational objectives. This definition implies that the entire system of business activitiis should be customer-oriented, and a marketing program should start with an idea about a new product and should not end until the customer’s wants are completely satisfied, which may be sometime after the sale is made.
The combination of the four primary elements that comprise a company’s marketing program is termed the marketing mix. The design, implementation, and evaluation of the marketing mix constitute the bulk of a firm’s marketing effort.
The four elements of the marketing mix are.
·Product—Managing the product ingredient includes planning and developing the right goods and/or services to be marketed by the company. Strategic decisions are also needed for changing existing products, adding new ones, and taking other actions that affect the assortment(分类) of products carried. Strategic decisions are also needed regarding branding, packaging, and various other product features.
·Price—Management must determine the right base price for its products. It must then decide on strategies concerning discounts, freight (货运) payments, and many other price-related factors.
·Distribution—Even though marketing intermediaries(中介)— primarily wholesalers and retailers are largely a noncontrollable environmental factor, an executive has considerable latitude when working with them. Management’s responsibility is to select and manage the trade channels through which the products will reach the right market at the right time and develop a distribution system for physically handling and transporting the products through these channels.
·Promotion—Management needs to inform and persuade the market regarding a company’s products. Advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and publicity are the major promotional activities.
The four ingredients in the marketing mix are interrelated; decisions in one area usually affect actions in the others. Each of the four also contains countless variables. A company may market one item or several—related or unrelated. The item may be distributed through wholesalers or directly to retailers, and so on. Ultimately (最后) ,from the multitude of variables, management must select the combination that will best adapt to the environment, satisfy target markets, and still meet marketing and organizational goals.
What are the two words in the passage which are the synonyms of "element" and "mix" which appear in the first sentence of the paragraph ______.

A:Assortment/Combination. B:Ingredient/Combination. C:Variable/Ingredient. D:Strategies/Variabl

More and more American fims—many large ones and even some rather small ones - are moving into foreign markets. Many companies are concluding that achieving profit and growth objectives is most likely through a combination of domestic and international marketing rather than sole reliance on domestic marketing.
Many companies believe that they can only achieve profit and growth objectives through

A:sole reliance on domestic marketing. B:sole reliance on international marketing. C:a combination of domestic and international marketing. D:vigourous competition on the international marketin

Multimedia is the combination of computer and（）technology.

A:word processing B:picture C:video D:radio

（）is the combination of computer and video technology.

A:Multimedia B:Display C:Communication D:Internet