Animal’s “Sixth Sense”

A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals,    1   , seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that¹ they possess a “sixth sense” for

   2   , experts said.

Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island’s coast clearly    3   wild beasts, with no dead animals found.

“No elephants arc dead, not    4   a dead rabbit. I think animals can    5   disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening,” H. D. Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lanka’s Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. The    6   washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka’s biggest wildlife    7   and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.

“There has been a lot of    8   evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven,” said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behavior

   9    at Johannesburg Zoo.

“There have been no＿ 10＿ studies because you can’t really test it in a lab or field setting²,” he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred with this    11   .

“Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain    12   , especially birds … there are many reports of birds

detecting impending disasters,” said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.

Animals   13   rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger slid as predators.

The notion of an animal “sixth sense” — or   14   other mythical power is an enduring one³ which the evidence on Sri Lanka’s ravaged coast is likely to add to.

The Romans saw owls    15   omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special power or attributes.

词汇：

tsunami / tsʊˈnɑmi / n．海啸
trigger / "trɪɡə(r) / v．引发，触发
ravaged / "rævidʒid / adj．被毁坏的
leopard / "lepəd / n．豹
eruption / ɪˈrʌpʃən / n．喷发
migrate / maɪ"ɡreɪt / v．迁移
volcanic / vɒlˈkænɪk / adj．火山的
concur / kən"kɜ:(r) / v．（with）同意，赞成
impending / ɪmˈpendɪŋ / adj．迫近的
predator / "predətə(r) / n．食肉动物
mythical / ˈmɪθɪkl / adj．神话般的
owl / aʊl / n．猫头鹰
omen / "əʊmən / n．预兆，征兆
endow / ɪn"daʊ / v．赋予

注释:

1. adds weight to notions that：更加相信……

2. field setting：field意为“实地，野外”， setting意为“环境”。 field setting可译为“野外环境”。

空9

A:specialist   B:assistant    C:supporter  D:sponsor

Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities

A new examination of urban policies has been     1     recently by Patricia Romero Lankao．She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and     2     development．She warns that many of the world’s fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries．will likely¹ suffer from the impacts of changing climate．Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to   3    emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse       4     ．These  gases are known to affect the atmosphere．”Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. ”But too few cities are developing effective strategies to       5      their residents."

Cities are       6      sources of greenhouse gases．And urban populations are likely to² be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao’s findings³  highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term       7      ．

The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential      8     associated with climate include storm surges⁴ and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat     9    paved cities⁵ more than surrounding areas．The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment．For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing  widespread health problems．Poorer neighborhoods that  may  10  basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disasters．Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing    11     access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services. 

Local governments,     12    ,should take measures to protect their residents.”Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric     13    meaningful responses⁶,  Romero Lankao writes, ” They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don"t emphasize mass transit and reduce      14      use. In fact, many local  governments  are taking  a hands—off  approach⁷.” Thus, she urges them to change their      15      policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.

词汇：

vulnerable / "vʌlnərəbl / adj ．易受伤害的

infrastructure / "infrə,strʌktʃə / n ．基础设施

sociologist /,səusi"ɔlədʒist /n．社会学家

substandard / ,sʌb"stændəd / adj．标准以下的

dioxide / dai"ɔksaid / ．二氧化物

floodplain /"flʌdplein / n ．泛滥平原

注释：

1. likely：很可能，或许。在本句中用作副词。

2. be likely to：很可能。likely 在本句中是形容词，用作表语。

3. findings：调查结果

4. storm surges：风暴潮

5. paved cities：铺上沥青路面的城市

6. spring up：涌现

7. rhetoric . . . responses：修辞反应。这个词的意思是：（地方政府）话讲得很漂亮，但内容空洞。

8. a hands-off approach：一种不插手的政策

空9

A:locally B:heavily C:suddenly  D:mildly

Migrant Workers

　　In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another.    1   some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East¹,    2     increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to    3    outsiders to improve local facilities.    4     the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USAandEurope. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries,     5     SouthKoreaandJapan.
　　In view of the difficult living and working conditions in theMiddle East,²it is not   6     that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least     7    money in theMiddle Eastas they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction. An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it.³ This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.
　　Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage.     8    the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other     9    safety and comfort.     10    , many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly     11    the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge engineers who prefer to find solutions     12    problems rather than do routine work in their home country.
　　One major problem which     13    migrant workers in theMiddle Eastis that their jobs are temporary ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents.     14    , migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of the     15     financial benefits which they receive.

词汇：

migrant /"maɪgrənt/ adj.移民的

allied /"ælaɪd; ə"laɪd/ adj.与此相关的

taxation /tæk"seɪʃən/ n.税，税款

compensate /"kɒmpenseɪt/ v.补偿

routine /ruː"tiːn/ adj.日常的

注释：

1.This is particularly the case in the Middle East...：中东地区目的情况尤为如此……
2.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East...：由于中东地区艰苦的生活和工作条件……in view of 是个短语，表示原因或理由。
3.An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it. 一个相关的好处是这里的税收低，或者根本就不收税。

空9

A:with  B:for  C:about  D:in

Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack

　　German researchers have   1   a new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection¹   2   sudden death from cardiac arrest.
　　In Germanyalone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases    3    by disruption to the heart’s rhythm. Those most at risk are patients who have    4    suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in     5    disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds. These devices    6    a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.
　　Heart specialists atFreiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator     7    of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of    8  blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics inKaiserslauternhave developed new computer software that renders the evaluation of ECG data    9   
　　The overwhelming    10    of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs. Many of the current programs only   11     into account a linear correlation of the data. We are, however, making use    12    a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system²，”Hagen Knaf says, “    13    changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account³.” An old study of ECG data, based    14    600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show     15    the new software evaluates the data considerably better.

空9

A:precisely B:more precisely C:precision   D:more precise

Hospital Mistreatment

　According to a study, most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment, including humiliation by senior doctors,   1    threatened, or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school.

The findings come from analysis of the    2    a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1, 733 second-year residents. The survey and   3    appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

Overall, out of the 1,277 residents   4    completed surveys, 1,185 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year.   5     reporting incidents where they were abused, more than 45% of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons    6     false medical records. Moreover, nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents, attending physicians¹, or nurses. Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent   7    .

More than 10% of the residents said they were   8    to have enough sleep, and the average number of hours   9    sleep was 37.6. The average on-call hours during a    10     week was 56.9 hours, but about 25% of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some weeks.

   11     30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination, verbal abuse was the most common problem cited. When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times, 53% of the respondents reported that they    12    belittled or humiliated by more senior residents, while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work. Being “   13     tasks for² punishment,” “being pushed, kicked or hit,” and

   14     someone “threatening your reputation or career,” were reported as a more    15    occurrence by over 10% of the responding residents.

词汇：

verbal  /"vɜːb(ə)l/ adj. 言语(上)的

intern  /"ɪntɜːn/  n. 实习医师

respondent  /rɪ"spɒnd(ə)nt/  n.回答者

assignment  /ə"saɪnm(ə)nt/  n. 分配任务

belittle  /bɪ"lɪt(ə)l/  vt. 轻视；贬低

sexual  /"sekʃʊəl; -sjʊəl/  adj. 性的

humiliate  /hjʊ"mɪlɪeɪt/  vt.使蒙羞，使丢脸

harassment  /"hærəsm(ə)nt/ n. 骚扰

humiliation  /,hjuːmɪlɪ"eɪʃən/  n. 羞辱

discrimination  /dɪ,skrɪmɪ"neɪʃ(ə)n/  n. 歧视

resident  /"rezɪd(ə)nt/  adj.住院医生

abuse  /ə"bjuːz/  n.&vt. 虐待，凌辱

incident  /"ɪnsɪd(ə)nt/  n. 偶发事件，小事件

abusive  /ə"bjuːsɪv/  adj. 侮辱人的，说人坏话

witness  /"wɪtnɪs/  vt. 亲眼看见

注释：
1.attending physician:主治医师

2.take/get credit for…:因….而出名

空9

A:without B:on C:with D:because of

Migrant Workers

　　In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another.    1   some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East¹,    2     increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to    3    outsiders to improve local facilities.    4     the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USAandEurope. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries,     5     SouthKoreaandJapan.
　　In view of the difficult living and working conditions in theMiddle East,²it is not   6     that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least     7    money in theMiddle Eastas they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction. An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it.³ This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.
　　Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage.     8    the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other     9    safety and comfort.     10    , many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly     11    the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge engineers who prefer to find solutions     12    problems rather than do routine work in their home country.
　　One major problem which     13    migrant workers in theMiddle Eastis that their jobs are temporary ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents.     14    , migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of the     15     financial benefits which they receive.

词汇：

migrant /"maɪgrənt/ adj.移民的

allied /"ælaɪd; ə"laɪd/ adj.与此相关的

taxation /tæk"seɪʃən/ n.税，税款

compensate /"kɒmpenseɪt/ v.补偿

routine /ruː"tiːn/ adj.日常的

注释：

1.This is particularly the case in the Middle East...：中东地区目的情况尤为如此……
2.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East...：由于中东地区艰苦的生活和工作条件……in view of 是个短语，表示原因或理由。
3.An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it. 一个相关的好处是这里的税收低，或者根本就不收税。

空9

A:with  B:for  C:about  D:in

从所给的四个选项中，选择最合适的一个填入问号处，使之呈现一定规律性：             A                     B                    C                  D                                                          

A:A  B:B  C:C  D:D