单选题
单选题
The Enemy Within
Allergy has become more and more common over the last 30 years. Now one-third of us are affected by allergy at some point in our lives and half of these sufferers are children. In the UK, three million people suffer from asthma, and five per cent of children suffer from food allergy.
Allergy is a reaction that occurs when the immune system has a strange and unnecessary reaction to a substance which is normally harmless, such as pollen or peanuts. ____1____ To defend your body against an attacker, the immune system remembers these dangerous micro-organisms and attacks them if it meets them again. This work is done by antibodies. The immune system in allergy sufferers makes antibodies against harmless substances, because it mistakenly believes them to be dangerous.
An allergic reaction may not happen the first time a sufferer meets an allergen (the substance causing the reaction, such as pollen, milk or strawberries). Sometimes people can eat nuts for years and then suddenly become allergic to them. What has happened is that the immune system has now decided the substance is dangerous and has made an allergy antibody. This antibody then attaches itself to cells, which contain histamine. ____2____ As they do that, the surface of the cells is broken, and histamine is released. The histamine and other chemicals inflame the tissues. This leads to the symptoms of allergy, such as swelling, rashes, sneezing, sore eyes and breathlessness. Anaphylaxis is the most severe allergic reaction of all and is most often triggered by wasp or bee stings or peanuts. This must be treated immediately.
____3____ Some people are born with the ability to make lots of allergy antibodies, and they are more likely to develop allergies and allergic disorders such as hay fever and asthma.
____4____ We eat more processed foods, with a wide range of additives and colourings; more and more people have central heating and double glazing, making our houses warmer and less draughty-an ideal environment to breed the house dust mite.
There may also be a link between allergies and antibiotics. At one time our immune systems were kept busy fighting off disease and trying to win the battle for health, but antibiotics have reduced the amount of work our immune systems have to do. Now experts think they may direct spare energy to harmless substances such as strawberries. ____5____
A good deal of research is being devoted to finding a cure for allergies. Sufferers may be given medicine to control symptoms, and they may also be offered tests to find out what substances trigger an allergic reaction so that they can avoid contact with these in future.
词汇：
allergy ["ælədʒɪ] n. 过敏，过敏症
sufferer ["sʌfərə] n. 患者，受害者
asthma ["æsmə] n. 哮喘
substance ["sʌbst(ə)ns] n. 物质
pollen ["pɒlən] n. 花粉
micro-organism n. 微生物
antibodies n. antibody的复数形式，意为抗体
allergen ["ælədʒ(ə)n] n. 过敏源
nut [nʌt] n. 坚果
histamine ["hɪstəmiːn] n. 组织胺，组胺
tissue ["tɪʃuː; "tɪsjuː] n. 人体组织
symptom ["sɪm(p)təm] n. 病症，征兆
rash [ræʃ] n. 疱疹
sneezing ["sni:ziŋ] n. 打喷嚏
breathlessness ["breθlisnis] n. 呼吸急促，气喘吁吁
anaphylaxis [,ænəfɪ"læksɪs] n. 全身性过敏反应，过敏反应
wasp [wɒsp] n. 黄蜂
sting [stɪŋ] n. 蟄，咬
hayfever n. 枯草热，花粉病
additives n. 添加剂，食品添加剂
cure [kjʊə; kjɔː] n. 治疗，解药
注释：
1．suffer from...忍受^的折磨
2．be devoted to sth. ...全身心投入于^
练习：
A The immune system is there to protect the body against outside attackers, including viruses, bacteria and parasites.
B In other words our immune systems have become over-sensitive.
C Allergies run in families.
D International differences have been associated with the number of individuals within a population have allergy.
E When the antibodies meet the allergen the next time, they attempt to destroy it.
F Experts believe more people have developed allergies because of changes in our lifestyle which have exposed us to more allergens.空1
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
What we take from and give to the sea
As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.
We take fishes from the ocean – millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. __1__. We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. __2__. Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea1, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. __3__. Seaweed becomes food of many kinds – even candy, and ice cream – as well as medicine.
Believe it or not, fresh water is anther gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. __4__. But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.
The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. __5__. Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water we pour into it, Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.
We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.
词汇：
fertilizer/ "fɜːtɪlaɪzə / n．化肥
sponge /spɔndʒ/ n．海绵
garbage / "gɑːbɪdʒ / n．垃圾
evaporate / ɪ"væpəreɪt / v．蒸发
seaweed /"si:wi:d/ n．海草
注释：
1.Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too.还有不少金和银的漂流物溶解在海水里。
2.Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life.把垃圾往大海里倾倒就是在把海洋生物杀绝灭尽。
练习:
A.Natural sponges become cleaning aids.
B.We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.
C.The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.
D.Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.
E.We even use their bones for fertilizer.
F.Some of its contents may cause illness.
空1
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
The First Four Minutes
You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. ___2___ If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.
When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, “People like people who like themselves1. ”
On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic，realizing that the other person has his own needs， fears, and hopes.
Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I"m not a friendly, self-confident person. That"s not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way. ”
___3___We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. “It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one. ”
But isn"t it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don"t actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honesty" is not always good for social relationships2 ’ especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger3. That is not the time to complain about one"s health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one"s opinions and impressions.
___4___For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.
The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course5 in everyschool, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. ___5___That is at least as important as how much we know.
Undivided/ ʌndɪ"vaɪdɪd / adj．不分散的，专一的
accustomed / ə"kʌstəmd / adj．惯常的
personality / pɜːsə"nælɪtɪ / n．个性，人格
1.People like people who like themselves.人们喜欢那些有自信心的人。这里的who like themselves不作“喜欢自己”解，根据上下文，可以解释为“有自信的人”。
A In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.
B Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4 relationships with family members and friends.
C In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.
D Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.
E He keeps looking over the other person"s shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.
F He is eager to make friends with everyone.
空2
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
Ants as a Barometer of Ecological Change
At picnics, ants are pests. But they have their uses. In industries1 such as mining, farming and forestry, they can help gauge the health of the environment by just crawling around and being antsy.
It has been recognized for decades2 that ants一which are highly sensitive to ecological change一can provide a near-perfect barometer of the state of an ecosystem. Only certain species, for instance, will continue to thrive at a forest site that has been cleared of trees._____1_____ And still others will move in and take up residence.
By looking at which species populate a deforested area, scientists can determine how "stressed" the land is._____2_____Ants are used simply because they are so common and comprise so many species.
Where mine sites are being restored, for example, some ant species will recolonize the stripped land quickly than others._____3_____Australian mining company Capricorn Coal Management has been successfully using ant surveys for years to determine the rate of recovery of land that it is replanting near its German Creek mine in Queensland.
Ant surveys also have been used with mine-site recovery projects in Africa andBrazil, where warm climates encourage dense and diverse ant populations." We found it worked extremely well there." says Jonathan Majer, a professor of environmental biology. Yet the surveys are perfectly suited to climates throughoutAsia, he says, because ants are so common throughout the region. As Majer puts it: "That"s the great thing about ants3."
Ant surveys are so highly-regarded as ecological indicators that governments worldwide accept their results when assessing the environmental impact of mining and tree harvesting4. _____4_____
Why not? Because many companies can"t afford the expense or the laboratory time needed to sift results for a comprehensive survey. The cost stems, also, from the scarcity of ant specialists. _____5_____
词汇：
ecological / iːkə"lɒdʒɪk(ə)l; ek- / adj．生态学的
barometer / bə"rɒmɪtə / n．气压计
forestry / "fɒrɪstrɪ / n．林业
gauge / geɪdʒ /n．测定，测量
antsy / "æntsɪ /adj．坐立不安的
ecosystem / "iːkəʊsɪstəm / n．生态系统
populate / "pɒpjʊleɪt / v．居住
deforest / diː"fɒrɪst /v．采伐树林，清除树林
recolonize / riː"kɒlənaɪz /v．再度移民到
sift /sift/v．详审
scarcity / "skeəsɪtɪ / n．缺乏，不足
注释：
1.industries:行业
2.for decades：有几十年。for后接复数的时间词是常用结构，如for days, for years等。本文第四段还会出现for years。
3.That"s the great thing about ants. great thing指前一句的ants are so common throughout the region.
4.tree harvesting：伐木
A This allowed scientists to gauge the pace and progress of the ecological recovery.
B Yet in other businesses, such as farming and property development, ant surveys aren"t used widely.
C Employing those people are expensive.
D They do this by sorting the ants, counting their numbers and comparing the results with those of earlier surveys.
E The evolution of ant species may have a strong impact on our ecosystem.
F Others will die out for lack of food.
空4
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
Einstein Named "Person of the Century"
Albert Einstein, whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets of the atom and of the universe, was chosen as "Person of the Century" by Time magazine on Sunday.
A man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius，Einstein has come to represent more than any other person the flowering of the 20th century scientific thought that set the stage for the age of technology.
"The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic，but technological 一 technologies that flowed directly from advances in basic science. ” wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Time essay explaining Einstein"s significance ____1____
Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt1 to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism, and Mahatma Gandhi2 as an icon for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics.
"What we saw was Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedom"s fight against totalitarianism, Gandhi personifying the great theme of individuals struggling for their rights, and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances that helped expand the growth of freedom. ” said Time Magazine Editor Walter Isaacson.
Einstein was born in Ulm,Germanyin 1879. ____2____He was slow to learn to
speak and did not do well in elementary school. He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams3 ？
In 1905, however, he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate
examples of human imagination in history. ____3____ Everything else — mass， weight, space, even time itself — is a variable. And he offered the world his now-famous equation ： energy equals mass times the speed of light squared — E = mc2.
____4____ "There was less faith in absolutes, not only of time and space but also of truth and morality."
Einstein"s famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons. In 1939, six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University, Einstein，an avowed pacifist4，signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did. ____5____Einstein did not work on the project.
Einstein died inPrinceton,New Jerseyin 1955.
词汇：
unravel / ʌn"rævl / vt.解开
synonymous / sɪˈnɒnɪməs / adj.同义的
runner-up 亚军，第二名
icon /" "aɪkɒn / n.象征；图符
totalitarianism / təʊˌtælə"teərɪənɪzəm / n.极权主义
personify/ pə"sɒnɪfaɪ / vt.象征，体现
intricate / ˈɪntrɪkət / adj.复杂的
constant / "kɒnstənt / n.常量
variable / "kɒnstənt / n, 变量
equation / ɪˈkweʒən -ʃən / n.等式
注释：
1.President Franklin Roosevelt:美国第 32 任总统罗斯福（1882—1945)
2.Mahatma Gandhi:印度政治和精神领袖、改革家甘地(1869—1948)
3.He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams.他无法忍受一切都安排得 死死的教学，讨厌考试。
4.avowed pacifist:公开承认的和平主义者
练习：
A "Indirectly, relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality, art and politics. ” Isaacson wrote in an essay explaining Time"s choices.
B How he thought of the relativity theory influenced the general public"s view about Albert Einstein.
C ” Clearly, no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein. ”
D Roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the "Manhattan Project" that secretly developed the first atomic weapon.
E In his early years, Einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become.
F In his “ Special Theory of Relativity ”，Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light.
空4
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
The First Four Minutes
You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. ___2___ If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.
When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, “People like people who like themselves1. ”
On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic，realizing that the other person has his own needs， fears, and hopes.
Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I"m not a friendly, self-confident person. That"s not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way. ”
___3___We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. “It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one. ”
But isn"t it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don"t actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honesty" is not always good for social relationships2 ’ especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger3. That is not the time to complain about one"s health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one"s opinions and impressions.
___4___For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.
The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course5 in everyschool, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. ___5___That is at least as important as how much we know.
Undivided/ ʌndɪ"vaɪdɪd / adj．不分散的，专一的
accustomed / ə"kʌstəmd / adj．惯常的
personality / pɜːsə"nælɪtɪ / n．个性，人格
1.People like people who like themselves.人们喜欢那些有自信心的人。这里的who like themselves不作“喜欢自己”解，根据上下文，可以解释为“有自信的人”。
A In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.
B Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4 relationships with family members and friends.
C In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.
D Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.
E He keeps looking over the other person"s shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.
F He is eager to make friends with everyone.
空2
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
What we take from and give to the sea
As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.
We take fishes from the ocean – millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. __1__. We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. __2__. Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea1, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. __3__. Seaweed becomes food of many kinds – even candy, and ice cream – as well as medicine.
Believe it or not, fresh water is anther gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. __4__. But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.
The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. __5__. Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water we pour into it, Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.
We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.
词汇：
fertilizer/ "fɜːtɪlaɪzə / n．化肥
sponge /spɔndʒ/ n．海绵
garbage / "gɑːbɪdʒ / n．垃圾
evaporate / ɪ"væpəreɪt / v．蒸发
seaweed /"si:wi:d/ n．海草
注释：
1.Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too.还有不少金和银的漂流物溶解在海水里。
2.Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life.把垃圾往大海里倾倒就是在把海洋生物杀绝灭尽。
练习:
A.Natural sponges become cleaning aids.
B.We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.
C.The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.
D.Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.
E.We even use their bones for fertilizer.
F.Some of its contents may cause illness.
空1
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
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