室内设计师考试
室内设计师考试
Azeri Hills Hold Secret of Long Life
You can see for kilometers from the mountains where Allahverdi Ibadov herds his small flock of sheep amid a sea of yellow, red, and purple wildflowers. The view from Amburdere in southern Azerbaijantoward the Iranian border is spectacular, but Mr. Ibadov barely gives it a second glance.
Why should he? He’s been coming here nearly every day for 100 years.
According to his carefully preserved passport, Mr. Ibadov, whose birth was not registered until he was a toddler, is at least 105 years old. His wife, who died two years ago, was even older. They are among the dozens of people in this beautiful, isolated region who live extraordinarily long lives.
Mr. Ibadov’s eldest son has just turned 70. He lost count long ago of how many grandchildren he has.1 “I’m an old man now I look after the sheep, and I prepare the wood for winter. I still have something to do. “
A lifetime of toil, it seems, takes very few people to an early grave in this region. Scientists admit there appears to be something in the Azeri mountains that gives local people a longer, healthier life than most.
Miri Ismailov’s family in the tinyvillageofTatoniare convinced that they know what it is. Mr. Ismailov is 110, his great-great-grandson is four. They share one proud boast: Neither has been to a doctor. “There are hundreds of herbs on the mountain, and we use them all in our cooking and for medicines”; explained Mr. Ismailov’s daughter,Elmira. “We know exactly what they can do. We are our own doctors.，’
There is one herb for high blood pressure，another for kidney stones，and a third for a hacking cough. They are carefully collected from the slopes surrounding the village. Experts from the Azerbaijan Academy of Science believe the herbs may be part of the answer. They have been studying longevity in this region for years. It began as a rare joint Soviet-American project in the 1980s，but these studies are not being funded any more.
Azeri scientists have isolated a type of saffron unique to the southern mountains as one thing that seems to increase longevity. Another plant, made into a paste, dramatically increases the amount of milk that animals are able to produce. “Now we have to examine these plants clinically to find out which substances have this effect,” said Chingiz Gassimov, a scientist at the academy.
The theory that local people have also developed a genetic predisposition to long life has been strengthened by the study of a group of Russian emigres whose ancestors were exiled to the Caucasus 200 years ago.2 The Russians’ life span is much shorter than that of the indigenous mountain folk — though it is appreciably longer than that of their ancestors left behind in the Russian heartland.
“Over the decades，I believe local conditions have begun to have a positive effect on the new arrivals” , Professor Gassimov said. “It’s been slowly transferred down the generations.”
But Mr. Ismailov, gripping his stout wooden cane, has been around for too long to get overexcited. “There’s no secret,” he shrugged dismissively. “I look after the cattle and I eat well. Life goes on.”
词汇：
herd /hɜ:d/ vt.放牧
boast /bəʊst/ vt.以有……而自豪
longevity / lɑnˈdʒɛvɪti/ n.长寿
Caucasus /ˈkɔ:kəsəs/ n.高加索
Dismissively 轻蔑地
spectacular / spekˈtækjələadj. / adj.壮观的
hacking cough 干咳
saffron /ˈsæfr(ə)n/ n.藏红花
indigenous /ɪnˈdɪdʒinəs/ adj.本土的
注释：
People in this region enjoy a easy and rich life
A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
Hinge region
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给-出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
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{{/U}}whose extent and elevation are still uncertain. Much of the{{U}} ?(52)
?{{/U}}is a complete blank on our maps. A 1,000-mile stretch of the coastline
has never been{{U}} ?(53) ?{{/U}}by any ship. Man has{{U}} ?(54)
?{{/U}}, on foot, less than one per cent of its ares. ? ?Antarctica differs fundamentally from the Arctic regions. ?The Arctic is an ocean,{{U}} ?(55) ?{{/U}}with drifting packed ice and surrounded by the land masses of Europe, Asia, and North America. The Antarctic is a continent nearly as{{U}} ?(56) ?{{/U}}as Europe and Au stralia combined, centered roughly{{U}} ?(57) ?{{/U}}the South Pole and{{U}} ?(58) ?{{/U}}by the most unobstructed water areas of the world—the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. ? ? ?The continental ice{{U}} ?(59) ?{{/U}}is more than two miles high at its center; thus, the air over the Antarctic is far more refrigerated than it is over the Arctic regions. This{{U}} ? (60) ?{{/U}}air cascades off the land with such{{U}} ?(61) ?{{/U}}that it makes the nearby seas the stormiest in the world and renders{{U}} ?(62) ?{{/U}}those regions whose counterparts at the opposite ?end of the{{U}} ?(63) ?{{/U}}are inhabited. Thus, more than a million persons live within 2,000 miles of the North Pole in an area that{{U}} ?(64) ?{{/U}}most of Alaska, Siberia, and Scandenavia—a region{{U}} ?(65) ?{{/U}}in forest and mining industries. Except for a handful of weather stations, within the same distance of the South Pole there is not a single tree, industry, or settlement. |
A:continent B:region C:land D:globe
{{B}}第三篇{{/B}}
| {{B}}? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?Controlling the Growing TB Crisis in
China{{/B}} ? ?China needs to take urgent action to address a "vicious cycle" of poverty and tuberculosis (TB) affecting a considerable number of Chinese people, especially in underdeveloped areas, the World Health Organization said on Monday. ? ?The Chinese government needs to take "immediate necessary action" to control the spread of TB, which is "threatening the future of its 1.3 billion people", WHO said in a report released at the start of a three-day meeting to discuss TB in the Western Pacific region. ? ?Poor living conditions and health care in rural China mean the TB infection rate is nearly three times higher than in urban areas, the report said. There are some factors that make the rural TB burden heavier such as insufficient funds for local health programs and increased charges for medical care, it said. ? ?"This has uniformly produced a negative impact on TB diagnosis and treatment, especially in areas without specific funding targeted towards TB-related services," it said. The report, which is meant to foreshadow the seriousness of the TB crisis in China, suggests that China adopt a two-year program to control the disease. ? ?The government should fund free TB drugs and diagnosis, health promotion and training, and supervised treatment programs at all levels, it said. "TB control should be considered as a key development issue and poverty reduction strategy," WHO Western Pacific regional director Dr. Shigeru Omi said at the opening of the meeting in Beijing. ? ?A World Bank-funded project in 13 of China’s 31 provinces produced "astonishing" results, reducing the incidence of TB by 38 per cent in less than 10 years, WHO said. "This tremendous achievement tells us that the regional target of reducing the prevalence of TB by half in 10 years, though ambitious, is achievable," Omi said. ? ?But TB "remains a relentless killer in the Western Pacific region", claiming around 1,000 lives daily in the region -- more than half of them in China, a WHO press statement said. "The worsening burden of TB has resulted in a great human tragedy and has had a profound impact on economic development in several countries in the region," the statement said. |
A:reduce the incidence of TB by 38% in less than ten years in the region. B:reduce the incidence of TB by 50% in ten years in the region. C:eliminate TB in ten years in the region. D:fund a project in 13 of China’s 31 provinces to fight ＴＢ.
A:they are different in size. B:they scatter an over the region. C:they are different in decay rate. D:they are different in quality.
{{B}}第二篇{{/B}}
| ? ?
Don’t Count on Dung ? ?"Conservationists(自然保护主义者)may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants, " say African and American researchers. The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung(粪)the creatures leave behind. ? ?The mistake could lead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society(WCS) in New York. ? ?Biologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, agrees. "We really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect, "says Payne, who electronically tracks elephants Counting elephants from planes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa. So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area. They also need to know the rate at which dung decays because it’s extremely difficult to determine these rates. However, researchers counting elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere. ? ?"But researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate varies from region to region depending on the climate and environment. Using the wrong values can lead the census astray(离开正道)," says Plumptre. ? ?He and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Cameroon. ?They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per cent more slowly than the dung in the rainforests of neighbouring Gabon. If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count elephants in Cameroon, they would probably find more elephants than are actually around. ? ?"This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from decay rates calculated locally," says Plumptre "However accurate your dung density estimate might be the decay rate can severely affect the result." ? ?Plumptre also says that the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephant’s natural range. The usual technique of monitoring only small, protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions, he says" If the elephant population increases within the protected area, you can not determine whether it is a real increase or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being poached(入侵偷猎)outside. " ? ?Plumptre says that similar problems may also affect other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows(地洞). |
A:they are different in size. B:they scatter an over the region. C:they are different in decay rate. D:they are different in quality.
第二篇 Don’t Count on Dung Conservationists(自然保护主义者)may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants．say African and American researchers．The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung(粪)the creatures leave behind． The mistake could 1ead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society(wcs) in New York Biologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca，New York，agrees．‘‘We really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect，”says Payne，who electronically tracks elephants Counting elephants from planes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa．So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area．They also need to know the rate at which dung decays Because it’s extremely difficult to determine these rates．however，researchers counting elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere But researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate varies from region to region depending on the climate and environment Using the wrong values can lead the census astray(离开正道)，says Plumptre He and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Cameroon They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per cent more slowly than the dung in the rainforests of neighbouring Gabon．If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count elephants in Cameroon，they would probably find more elephants than are actually around．This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from decay rates calculated locally，says Plumptre“However accurate your dung density estimate might be．the decay rate can severely affect the result” Plumptre also says that the dung—pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephant’s natural range The usual technique of monitoring only small，protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions，he says“If the elephant population increases within the protected area，you can not determine whether 1t is a real increase or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being poached(入侵偷猎)outside．” Plumptre says that similar problems may also affect other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests，tracks or burrows(地洞) Piles of dung can’t be relied upon when it comes to estimating elephant numbers because
A:they are different in size B:they scatter an over the region． C:they are different in decay rate． D:they are different in quality．
