患者女性，23岁。患G_杆菌引起的急性泌尿系感染。

宜选用的药物是

A:庆大霉素 B:青霉素G C:螺旋霉素 D:异烟肼 E:林可霉素

在我国非典型分枝杆菌感染有增加的趋势，以肺部感染最常见。

在我国多见的引起感染的非典型分枝杆菌是

A:鸟分枝杆菌 B:堪萨斯分枝杆菌 C:戈登分枝杆菌 D:海分枝杆菌 E:地分枝杆菌

Ward off¹ Travel Bugs

    1　As the holiday season approaches, so does the prospect of jet lag, an upset stomach or sunburn². With care and some help from natural sources, however, it is quite possible to avoid these problems.

    2　You can start to prepare a couple of weeks before you leave. Food poisoning will make any holiday miserable, but by taking some medicine such as lactobacillus and bifidobacteria³, you can reduce the likelihood of succumbing to⁴ poisoning brought on⁵ by food or water tainted with unfamiliar bacteria.

    3　By improving the bacteria balance in your digestive tract, you crowd out the pathogenic bacteria and stop them gaining a foothold.⁶ The beneficial bacteria also produce gentle but effective natural antibiotics in your gut.

    4　In many holiday locations you need to remember the basics: drink bottled water, avoid undercooked meat and ensure that food hygiene is adequate. If you do succumb to food poisoning, drink plenty of water to stay hydrated and see a doctor. However, if you detect diarrhea early enough, you might like to try taking about 10 or 15 pancreatic digestive enzymes, which can digest the multiplying bacteria before they take over.

    5　Taking a teaspoon of silicol gel⁷ can also help. This lines the stomach and upper intestinal area and binds with bacteria and viruses, allowing them to be safely passed out of the gut. When you pack, include grapefruit-seed extract⁸, which is an excellent all-round anti-bacterial, anti-parasitic, anti-viral and anti-fungal agent.

    6　Your flight can also be made more pleasant. Peppermint oil and ginger capsules⁹ ward off motion sickness, but a more delicious option is to nibble on crystallized ginger. If you tend to get earache on take-off and landing, you can use special earplugs with filler that slows down the rate of change in air pressure.

    7　The greatest concern is “economy class syndrome”, the popular name for deep-vein thrombosis, which can lead to blood clots traveling from the legs to the lungs, heart or brain. To reduce this, you need a couple of hours to stay hydrated, and avoid alcohol.

    8　You can also reduce the severity of inflammation by taking a daily gram of vitamin C with the bioflavonoid quercetin¹⁰. Vitamin C and quercetin also help to reduce prickly heat.

    9　Finally, if any adverse symptoms persist while overseas, you should see a doctor.

词汇：

bug/bʌg/ n.臭虫；病菌；病毒

diarrhea/,daɪə"riə/ n.腹泻

taint /teɪnt/ v.感染；污染

pancreatic/,pænkrɪ"ætɪk/ adj.胰腺的

antibiotic/,æntɪbaɪ"ɒtɪk/ n.抗生素

option/"ɒpʃ(ə)n/ n.选择

anti-fungal/"æntɪ"fʌŋg(ə)l/ adj.抗真菌的，杀真菌的

nibble/"nɪb(ə)l/ vt.一点点地咬下

pathogenic /,pæθə"dʒenɪk/ adj.病原的；致病的；发病的

thrombosis/θrɒm"bəʊsɪs/ n.血栓

jet lag（跨时区高速飞行后）生理节奏的破坏，飞行时差反应

anti-viral /"æntɪ "vaɪr(ə)l/ adj.抗病毒的

anti-parasitic /"æntɪ pærə"sɪtɪk/ adj.抗寄生虫的

hydrate/"haɪdreɪt/ v.保持水分

注释：

1．ward off：避开；防止

2．As the holiday season approaches, so does the prospect of jet lag, an upset stomach or sunburn.随着假日的临近，由于高空飞行时差引起的生理不适，胃痛或日光灼烧等潜在问题也接踵而至。第二个分句是由so引导的倒装句。例如: “He is a doctor.”“So am I.”

3．lactobacillus and bifidobacteria：乳（酸）杆菌和双歧杆菌

4．succumb to：屈服，屈从

5．bring on：引起，导致

6．By improving the bacteria balance in your digestive tract, you crowd out the pathogenic bacteria and stop them gaining a foothold.通过改善消化道内的细菌平衡，你就可以排出致病细菌，使它们没有立足之地。crowd out：驱赶出。

7．silicol gel：偏磷酸酪蛋白氧化硅胶

8．grapefruit-seed extract:葡萄柚籽提取物

9．peppermint oil and ginger capsules：薄荷油和生姜胶囊。medicine一般指内服药（包括液体药剂，例如可以说a drop of medicine)，pill指小的丸粒，tablet指药片，但有时medicine可代表药品的总称。

10．bioflavonoid quercetin：生物类黄酮槲皮素

B　when you are taking tablets

C　when you suffer from food-poisoning

D　when you are travelling

E　when you are packing for your tour

Don’t forget to bring necessary medicine       .

A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F

以下为G⁺杆菌的是（）

A:绿脓杆菌 B:肠杆菌 C:嗜血杆菌 D:Moraxella杆菌 E:白喉杆菌

以下为G+杆菌的是（）

A:绿脓杆菌 B:肠杆菌 C:嗜血杆菌 D:Moraxella杆菌 E:白喉杆菌

病历摘要：处方：
乳糖        88.8g
糖粉        38.0g
10%硝酸甘油乙醇溶液   0.6g
硝酸甘油
淀粉浆     适量
硬脂酸镁  1.0g
制成1000片（每片含硝酸甘油0.5mg）

A:减小粒径 B:升高温度 C:将药物包裹于脂质体 D:将药物采用固体分散法分散 E:成盐 F:制成油溶液型注射剂 G:药物包封于疏水性骨架中 H:药物包封于亲水性胶体骨架中

病历摘要：处方：
乳糖        88.8g
糖粉        38.0g
10%硝酸甘油乙醇溶液   0.6g
硝酸甘油
淀粉浆     适量
硬脂酸镁  1.0g
制成1000片（每片含硝酸甘油0.5mg）

A:增加颗粒的流动性 B:防止原辅料粘附于冲模上 C:降低颗粒之间摩擦力 D:降低片于冲模之间的摩擦力 E:降低颗粒之间的空隙率 F:促进片剂在胃中的润湿 G:使片剂易于从冲模中推出

病历摘要：处方：
乳糖        88.8g
糖粉        38.0g
10%硝酸甘油乙醇溶液   0.6g
硝酸甘油
淀粉浆     适量
硬脂酸镁  1.0g
制成1000片（每片含硝酸甘油0.5mg）

A:挥发性强烈的药材应单独粉碎 B:含糖较多的药材应单独粉碎 C:性质相近的几种药物可混合粉碎 D:氧化性药物和还原性药物不能混合粉碎 E:含粘性成分多的药材不能采用"串研法"粉碎 F:水飞法为湿法粉碎 G:干法粉碎时药材应适当干燥

病历摘要：处方：
乳糖        88.8g
糖粉        38.0g
10%硝酸甘油乙醇溶液   0.6g
硝酸甘油
淀粉浆     适量
硬脂酸镁  1.0g
制成1000片（每片含硝酸甘油0.5mg）

A:颗粒大小不均匀 B:颗粒太细且流动性差 C:颗粒不够干燥 D:润滑剂使用不当 E:压片机压力高，转速快 F:冲头表面粗糙 G:颗粒太硬