单项选择题
单项选择题
Hospital Mistreatment
According to a study, most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment, including humiliation by senior doctors, 1 threatened, or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school.
The findings come from analysis of the 2 a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1, 733 second-year residents. The survey and 3 appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Overall, out of the 1,277 residents 4 completed surveys, 1,185 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year. 5 reporting incidents where they were abused, more than 45% of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons 6 false medical records. Moreover, nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents, attending physicians1, or nurses. Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent 7 .
More than 10% of the residents said they were 8 to have enough sleep, and the average number of hours 9 sleep was 37.6. The average on-call hours during a 10 week was 56.9 hours, but about 25% of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some weeks.
11 30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination, verbal abuse was the most common problem cited. When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times, 53% of the respondents reported that they 12 belittled or humiliated by more senior residents, while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work. Being “ 13 tasks for2 punishment,” “being pushed, kicked or hit,” and
14 someone “threatening your reputation or career,” were reported as a more 15 occurrence by over 10% of the responding residents.
词汇：
mistreatment /mɪs"tritmənt/ n. 虐待verbal /"vɜːb(ə)l/ adj. 言语(上)的
intern /"ɪntɜːn/ n. 实习医师
respondent /rɪ"spɒnd(ə)nt/ n.回答者
assignment /ə"saɪnm(ə)nt/ n. 分配任务
belittle /bɪ"lɪt(ə)l/ vt. 轻视；贬低
sexual /"sekʃʊəl; -sjʊəl/ adj. 性的
humiliate /hjʊ"mɪlɪeɪt/ vt.使蒙羞，使丢脸
harassment /"hærəsm(ə)nt/ n. 骚扰
humiliation /,hjuːmɪlɪ"eɪʃən/ n. 羞辱
discrimination /dɪ,skrɪmɪ"neɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 歧视
resident /"rezɪd(ə)nt/ adj.住院医生
abuse /ə"bjuːz/ n.&vt. 虐待，凌辱
incident /"ɪnsɪd(ə)nt/ n. 偶发事件，小事件
abusive /ə"bjuːsɪv/ adj. 侮辱人的，说人坏话
witness /"wɪtnɪs/ vt. 亲眼看见
注释：
1.attending physician:主治医师
2.take/get credit for…:因….而出名
空9
A:without B:on C:with D:because of
Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years
A hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about 47: in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these 1 are rising all the time. What has brought 2 these changes? When we look at the life 3 of people l00 years ago, we need to look at the greatest 4 of the time. In the early 20th century, these were the acute and often 5 infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.
In the 6 world these diseases are far 7 today, and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of 8 have led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, which 9 bacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinations 10 common diseases. 11 , people"s general health has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition.
Genetically，we should all be able to live to about 85 but 12 people do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and those 13 by viruses, such as influenza and AIDS1. Of course, cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect 14 people, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity 15 more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.
The killers today can be classed as "lifestyle diseases"，which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.
词汇：
acute / əˈkju:t /adj．(疾病)急性的
infectious/ ɪnˈfekʃəs/ adj．传染性的
smallpox / ˈsmɔ:lpɒks /n.天花
sanitation/ ˌsænɪˈteɪʃn/ n．环境卫生
hygiene/ ˈhaɪdʒi:n/ n．个人卫生
antibiotic / ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪk /n．抗生素
bacterial/ bæk"tɪərɪəl/ adj．细菌性的
vaccination / ˌvæksɪ"neɪʃn /n．种痘，接种
preserve/ prɪˈzɜ:v/ vt．保藏，防止(食物)腐烂
nutrition/ njuˈtrɪʃn/ n．营养
chronic / "krɒnɪk /adj．(疾病)慢性的
stroke/ strəʊk/ n．中风
virus / "vaɪrəs /n．病毒
influenza / ˌɪnflʊ"enzə /n．流行性感冒
trend/ trend/ n．趋势，倾向
obesity/ əʊ"bi:sətɪ/ n．肥胖
diabetes/ ˌdaɪəˈbi:ti:z/ n．糖尿病
expectancy/ ɪk"spektənsɪ/ n．预期
注释：
1、Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS)：艾滋病，后天性免疫缺乏综合症
空9
A:makes B:causes C:make D:from
Working Mothers
Carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems, compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal (1) ______ is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not, there are a (2) ______ of mothers who just have to work. There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot (3) ______ to see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic (4) ______. Many mothers are not (5) ______ out to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant, they feel trapped and isolated.
There are a number of options when it (6) ______ to choosing childcare. These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady (7) ______ the street1. (8) ______, however, many parents don’t have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No (9) ______ how good the childcare may be, some children are going to protest wildly if they are left. This is a (10) ______ normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months2, but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family （11）_____. Make sure that in the first week you allow (12) ______ time to help your child settle in3.
All children are different. Some are independent, while others are more (13) ______ to their mothers. Remember that if you want to (14) ______ the best for your children, it’s not the quantity of time you spend with them, it’s the (15) ______ that matters.
词汇：
conduct /kən"dʌkt /v．实施，实行
invest /ɪn"vest /v．投资
establish /ɪ"stæblɪʃ /v．建立
economic /ˌɪkəˈnɒmɪk / adj．经济上的
infant /"ɪnfənt / n．婴儿，幼儿
trap /træp/v．使陷人困境，使受限制
isolate /ˈaɪsəleɪt /v．使隔离，使孤立
option /ˈɑpʃən / n．选项，选择
nanny/"nænɪ / n．保姆
protest /prəʊ"test /v．抗议
crush /krʌʃ ʃ/n．迷恋
quantity /ˈkwɒntəti / n．数量
注释：
1. range from…to…：从……变动到……，在……范围内变化
2. …babies separate well in the first six months:……婴儿刚出生的前六个月对与母亲分开没有感觉……
3. …to help your child settle in: ……帮助你的孩子安稳下来……
空9
A:way B:matter C:surprise D:exception
When the nurse talked to mum she thought mum was a _______.
A:nurse B:visitor C:patient D:cleaner
When the nurse talked to Mum she thought Mum was a ______.
A:nurse B:visitor C:patient D:cleaner
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}
| ? ?
Two People, Two Paths ? ?You must be familiar with the situation: dad’s driving, mum’s telling him where to go. He’s sure that they need to turn left. But she says it’s not for another two blocks. Who has the better sense of direction.’? Men or women? ? ?They both do, a new study says, but in different ways. ? ?Men and women, Canadian researchers have found, have different methods of finding their way. Men look quickly at landmarks (地标) and head off in what they think is the right direction. Women, however, try to picture the whole route in detail and then follow the path in their head. ? ?"Women tend to be more detailed. "said Edward Cornell, who led the study "While men tend to be a little bit faster and a little bit more intuitive(直觉感知的). " ? ?In fact, said Cornell, "sense of direction" isn’t one skill but two. The first is the "survey method". This is when you see an area from above, such as a printed map. You can see, for example, where the hospital is, where the church is and that the supermarket is on its right. The second skill is the "route method". This is when you use a series of directions. Yon start from the hospital, then turn left, turn right, go uphill, and then you see the supermarket. Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions. Both work and neither is better. ? ?Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history. They argue it is because of the difference in traditional roles. In ancient times, young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt. The trip took hours or days and covered unfamiliar places. The only way to know where you were was to use the survey method to remember landmarks—the mountains, the lakes and so on. ? ?The women, on the other hand, took young girls out to find fruits and plants. These activities were much closer to home but required learning well-used paths. So, women’s sense of space was based on learning certain routes. |
A:his intuitive knowledge B:his book knowledge C:Mum’s assistance D:the police’s assistance
{{B}}第三篇{{/B}}
| {{B}}? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? Two People, Two Paths{{/B}} ? ?You must be familiar with the situation: Dad’s driving, Mum’s telling him where to go. He’s sure that they need to turn left. But she says it’s not for another two blocks. Who has the better sense of direction? Men or women. ? ?They both do, a new study says, but in different ways. ? ?Men and women, Canadian researchers have found, have different methods of finding their way. Men look quickly at landmarks (地标) and head off in what they think is the right direction. Women, however, try to picture the whole route in detail and then follow the path in their head. ? ?"Women tend to be more detailed," said Edward Cornell, who led the study, "while men tend to be a little bit faster and...a little bit more intuitive (直觉感知的)." in fact, said Cornell, "sense of direction" isn’t one skill but two. ? ?The first is the "survey method". This is when you see an area from above, such as a printed map. You can see, for example, where the hospital is, where the church is and that the supermarket is on its right. ? ?The second skill is the "route method". This is when you use a series of directions. You start from the hospital, then turn left, turn right, go uphill — and then you see the supermarket. ? ?Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions. ? ?Both work, and neither is better. ? ?Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history. They argue it is because of the difference in traditional roles. ? ?In ancient times, young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt. The trip took hours or days and covered unfamiliar places. The only way to know where you were was to use the survey method to remember landmarks — the mountains, the lakes and so on. ? ?The women, on the other hand, took young girls out to find fruits and plants. These activities were much closer to home but required learning well-used paths. So, women’s sense of space was based on learning certain routes. |
A:his intuitive knowledge. B:his book knowledge. C:Mum’s assistance. D:the police’s assistance.
第一篇 Two People，Two Paths You must be familiar with the situation：Dad’s driving，Mum’s telling him where to go．He’s sure that they need to turn 1eft．But she says it’s not for another two blocks．Who has the better sense of direction?Men or women? They both do,a new study says．but in different ways． Men and women．Canadian researchers have found，have different methods of finding their way．Men look quickly at landmarks f地标)and head off in what they think is the right direction Women．however．try to picture the whole route in detail and then f01low the path in their head， “Women tend to be more detailed．”said Edward Cornell，who led the study。“while men tend to be a little bit faster and…a little bit more intuitive(直觉感知的)” In fact．said Cornell．“sense of direction”isn’t one skill but two．The first is the“survey method，’．This is when you see an area from above，such as a printed map You can see．for example，where the hospital is，where the church is and that the supermarket is on its right The second skill is the“route method”This is when you use a series of directions．Yon start from the hospital．then turn 1eft．turn right，go uphill—and then you see the supermarket． Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions Both work．and neither is better Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history．They argue it is becauseof the difference in traditional roles． In ancient times．young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt The trip took hours or days and covered unfamiliar places．The only way to know where you were was touse the survey method to remember landmarks—the mountains．the 1akes and so on． The women，on the other hand，took young girls out to find fruits and plants．These activities were much closer to home but required learning well—used paths．So，women’s sense of space was based on learning certain routes When finding his way Dad tends to rely on
A:his intuitive knowledge B:his book knowledge． C:Mum’s assistance． D:the police’s assistance，
您可能感兴趣的题目
