病历摘要: 患者男性,72岁,近两年来记忆力逐渐下降,很难集中精力完成一件事,失眠.出门时常忘记带钥匙,买菜常找错钱.近半年经常迷路,搭车时不知道要去的目的地,性格孤辟,反复洗手,有时不肯进食,疑饭菜内被人下毒,经常怀疑家有小偷光顾,间有视幻觉和幻听.近1个月来反应迟钝,日常生活不能自理,行走困难.体查:记忆力,计算力,定向力差.反应迟钝,各对颅神经(-),双手轻微震颤,肌张力略增高,腱反射活跃, 双侧Babinski征（-）。双侧深浅感觉存在,脑膜刺激征(-)。

对于Alzheimer病的诊断，下列说法哪些正确

A:目前无法确诊Alzheimer病 B:目前无特异性检查方法 C:脑脊液蛋白检测可确诊 D:基因检测可确诊 E:病理检查可以确诊 F:痴呆量表检测可确诊 G:通过排除其它疾病引起的痴呆可以诊断 H:老年斑,神经元颗粒空泡变性,血管壁淀粉样蛋白沉积,神经元纤维缠结具有特异性诊断意义

Alzheimer病应与哪些疾病作鉴别

A:正常老年性变化 B:Pick病 C:多发梗死性痴呆 D:橄榄脑桥小脑萎缩 E:亚急性动脉硬化脑病

More about Alzheimer"s Disease

    Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer"s disease¹ and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological disorder.

    The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.

    “ Since Alois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago，people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages²，” said Patricia Grady，acting director³ of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Maryland. "This discovery, if confirmed, could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease. ”

    Alzheimer"s is the single greatest cause⁴ of mental deterioration in older people, affecting between 2. 5 million and 4 million people in the United Statesalone⁵. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function，and eventually causes death.⁶ There is currently no known treatment for the disease.

    Researches discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer" s patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells. The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that⁷ Alzheimer"s results from physiological changes throughout the body，and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain, scientists said.

    The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation⁸. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells" supply of calcium, another critical element.

    One test developed by researches calls for⁹ growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govern the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.

    A spokesman for the Alzheimer"s Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important development, but cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer"s have been disappointing.¹⁰

词汇：

neurological / ˌnjʊərəˈlɒdʒɪkl / adj. 神经病学的 

potassium / pəˈtæsiəm / n. 钾

dementia / dɪˈmenʃə / n. 痴呆 

formation / fɔ:ˈmeɪʃn / n. 形成，组成

deterioration / dɪˌtɪərɪə"reɪʃn / n. 恶化，退化 

calcium / "kælsɪəm / n. 钙

devastating / ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ/ adj. 破坏性极大地，毁灭的

microscopic / ˌmaɪkrəˈskɒpɪk / adj. 极小的，微小的

defect / ˈdi:fekt / n 缺损，毛病

signature / ˈsɪgnətʃə(r) / n. 识别标志；署名，签名，签字

physiological / ˌfɪzɪə"lɒdʒɪkl / adj. 生理的；生理学的

validity / vəˈlɪdəti / n. 效力，有效（性）

注释：

1.to identify people with Alzheimer"s disease ； 老性痴呆识别患早老性痴呆的人;Alzheimer"s disease:早

2.in its early stages：在它的早期阶段

3.acting director：执行主任

4.the singly greatest cause：唯一的重要原因

5.in the United States alone：仅在美国

6.The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function, and eventually causes death.这种毁灭性的疾病逐渐破坏记忆和行动的能力，最终导致死亡。

7.The fact that... suggests that...：事实表明

8.cells responsible for memory formation ：对记忆的形成至关重要的细胞

9.call for：要求

Which of the following statements about the Alzheimer"s disease is NOT true?

A:It was so named because Alois Alzheimer first described it B:It is the greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people C:It can gradually destroy memory and eventually cause death D:There are many ways to deal with and cure the disease now

More about Alzheimer"s Disease

    Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer"s disease¹ and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological disorder.

    The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.

    “ Since Alois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago，people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages²，” said Patricia Grady，acting director³ of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Maryland. "This discovery, if confirmed, could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease. ”

    Alzheimer"s is the single greatest cause⁴ of mental deterioration in older people, affecting between 2. 5 million and 4 million people in the United Statesalone⁵. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function，and eventually causes death.⁶ There is currently no known treatment for the disease.

    Researches discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer" s patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells. The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that⁷ Alzheimer"s results from physiological changes throughout the body，and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain, scientists said.

    The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation⁸. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells" supply of calcium, another critical element.

    One test developed by researches calls for⁹ growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govern the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.

    A spokesman for the Alzheimer"s Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important development, but cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer"s have been disappointing.¹⁰

词汇：

neurological / ˌnjʊərəˈlɒdʒɪkl / adj. 神经病学的 

potassium / pəˈtæsiəm / n. 钾

dementia / dɪˈmenʃə / n. 痴呆 

formation / fɔ:ˈmeɪʃn / n. 形成，组成

deterioration / dɪˌtɪərɪə"reɪʃn / n. 恶化，退化 

calcium / "kælsɪəm / n. 钙

devastating / ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ/ adj. 破坏性极大地，毁灭的

microscopic / ˌmaɪkrəˈskɒpɪk / adj. 极小的，微小的

defect / ˈdi:fekt / n 缺损，毛病

signature / ˈsɪgnətʃə(r) / n. 识别标志；署名，签名，签字

physiological / ˌfɪzɪə"lɒdʒɪkl / adj. 生理的；生理学的

validity / vəˈlɪdəti / n. 效力，有效（性）

注释：

1.to identify people with Alzheimer"s disease ； 老性痴呆识别患早老性痴呆的人;Alzheimer"s disease:早

2.in its early stages：在它的早期阶段

3.acting director：执行主任

4.the singly greatest cause：唯一的重要原因

5.in the United States alone：仅在美国

6.The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function, and eventually causes death.这种毁灭性的疾病逐渐破坏记忆和行动的能力，最终导致死亡。

7.The fact that... suggests that...：事实表明

8.cells responsible for memory formation ：对记忆的形成至关重要的细胞

9.call for：要求

What is the relationship between Alzheimer"s and dementia?

A:Dementia is one of the signs of Alzheimer"s B:Alzheimer"s is one of the causes of dementia C:They are two completely different diseases D:They are similar defects of the human brain

Alzheimer病应与哪些疾病作鉴别（　）

A:正常老年性变化 B:Pick病 C:多发梗死性痴呆 D:橄榄脑桥小脑萎缩 E:亚急性动脉硬化脑病

Alzheimer病（）

A:进行性多灶性白质脑病  B:进行性风疹性全脑炎  C:亚急性硬化性全脑炎  D:Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker综合征  E:单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎

Alzheimer病（）

A:进行性多灶性白质脑病  B:进行性风疹性全脑炎  C:亚急性硬化性全脑炎  D:Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker综合征  E:单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎