Medical Journals

    Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.

    In the past, these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing. many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet, and some journals publish only online. A few medical journals, like the Journal of the American Medical Association, are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine. Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.

    Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments. 

    Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature. Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors, combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing, diagnosing or treating a particular disease ¹. Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors, often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue. Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic. Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments, questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.

词汇：

professional /prə"feʃənəl/ n.专业人员

online /ɒn"laɪn/ adv. 联机地，联线地

specialty /"speʃəltɪ/ n .专业

summarize /"sʌməraɪz/ vt. 总结，概述

注释：

1. Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors, combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing, diagnosing or treating a particular disease.由于个体研究的结果可能受很多因素的影响，因此将有关同一题目的不同研究的结果汇总起来，可能有助于 得出有关预防、诊断或是治疗某一疾病所需的科学证据的结论。

An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called____

A:a research article B:a review article C:a case report D:an editorial

同义突变（same—sense mutation）

What is the same meaning of location value? （）

A:Different value B:Different value of same goods at the different place C:Different goods D:Different value of different goods at the same place

What is the same meaning as “Internationalization”?（）

A:Nationalization B:Globalization C:Integration D:Standardization

The international transport and the international logistics are same. Is it correct or not? （）

A:Not mention in the paragraph B:Not clear C:Wrong D:Right

Personal computers are used by one person at a time. The largest personal computer, or PCS, can fit on a (1) . Some of these (2) have more than one microprocessor. (3) the primary processor, which is a general-purpose device, a PC may have one or more processors to (4) special kinds of work. Some machines, (5) , have maths processors, others have graphics processors to help process photographs and other illustrations. Still others have (6) processors.
Office workers also use PCS that are not (7) to a network. These machines are used for (8) tasks as word processing, performing financial calculations, and organizing and (9) bodies of information called databases. People use PCS at (10) for some of the same kinds of tasks. They use word processing programs for (11) Communication, financial software for household budgets. Individuals also use their home computers to play (12) and to communicate (13) the internet.
Small, portable PCS are (14) with people who often work away from their desks. The (15) include laptop computers, which can be (16) on the lap; notebook computers, which are about the (17) of a loose leaf notebook; and palmtop, or handheld computers, which can be operated while (18) in the hand. Laptop and notebook computers have the same (19) as desktop computers. Palmtop computers have less power but still (20) some advanced capabilities. For example, they can process household financial data.
二、完形填空

A:these B:such C:different D:same

The logic of scientific development is (such) that (separates) groups of men working (on) the same problem in (far-scattered) laboratories are likely to arrive at the same answer at the same time.

A:such B:separates C:on D:far-scattered

The appeal of the world of work is first its freedom. The child is compelled to go to school: he is (21) of authority. As he grows up, he sees what it is to be free of school and to be able to choose his job and change it if he doesn’t like it. The boys and girls, (22) he has long observed, revisit school utterly changed and apparently mature. Suddenly teachers seem as out of date as his parents and the authority of school a ridiculous thing. At the moment the adult world may appear (23) the school world that the desire to enter it cannot be satisfied by exercises in school books. This may not be the (24) but it is a necessary part of growing up, for every man and woman must come sooner or later to the point of saying "Really, I’ve had enough of being taught; I must (25) ". Some young people come to this decision sooner than they ought. Yet in a way this is not a bad frame of mind to be in (26) leaving school. At work, the young man makes one of the first great acceptances of life——he accepts the discipline of the material or the process he is working with. He sees the point of it and in doing so (27) life. The work process constitutes a reality in some sense superior to that of school, and this is why he so often longs to get to grips with it. Nothing done in school imposes its will in (28) the same way; if the maths master is ill one can get on with something else. But even the boy delivering papers, (29) the driver taking out his bus, discovers that one cannot put it off because there is snow on the ground, or the foreman (工头) is easily annoyed, or he himself (30) that morning.

A:like B:as C:similar than D:the same that

Usually the consignor is the same party as the （）

A:buyer B:seller C:notify party D:beneficiary

A butterfly valve consists basically of a disc pivoted across the bore of a ring body having the same radial dimensions as the pipe in which it is fittedAccording to the above sentence, which of the following statements is not true?

A:The diameter of a disc is the same as the outer diameter of the pipe B:We can infer that the valve is opened or closed by rotating the spindle C:A butterfly valve comprises a disc and a ring body D:The profile of the butterfly valve is a ring body