单项选择
单项选择
Spacing in Animals1
Flight Distance2
Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees. “Flight distance” is the terms used for this interspecies spacing. As a general rule, there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance3—the larger the animal, the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy. An antelope4 will flee when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards away. The wall lizard’s5 flight distance, on the other hand is about six feet. Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures.
Critical Distance
Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction. “Critical distance” includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance. 6 A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome. If the man continues the approach, he soon penetrates the lion"s critical distance, at which point the cornered lion reverses direction7 and begins slowly to stalk the man.
Social Distance
Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fatal for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies. Social distance is not simply the distance at which an animal will lose contact with his group—that is, the distance at which it can no longer see, hear, or smell the group—it is rather a psychological distance, one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when he exceeds its limits. We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group8.
Social distance varies from species to species. It is quite short—apparently only a few yards—among some animals, and quite long among others.
Social distance is not always rigidly fixed but is determined in part by the situation. When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother"s voice, social distance may be the length of her reach9. This is readily observed among the baboons in a zoo. When the baby approaches a certain point, the mother reaches out to seize the end of its tail and pull it back to her. When added control is needed because of danger, social distance shrinks. To show this in man, one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street.
词汇：
observant/ əbˈzɜ:vənt/adj. 观察力敏锐的
barrier / "bærɪə(r)/n.障碍物
potential/ pəˈtenʃəl/adj. 潜在的
contact/ "kɒntækt/n. 联系；接触
survival / səˈvaɪvəl/n.逃生，幸免
fatal / "feɪtl/adj.致命的
mobile / "məʊbaɪl/adj.可动的，活动的
rigidly/ "rɪdʒɪdlɪ/adv. 刻板地，死板地
approach / ə"prəʊtʃ/v.朝……走近
baboon / bəˈbu:n/n.狒狒
注释：
Which of the following is the most appropriate definition of Flight Distance?
A:Distance between animals of the same species before fleeing. B:Distance between large and small animals before fleeing. C:Distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing. D:Distance between certain animal species before fleeing.
Spacing in Animals1
Flight Distance2
Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees. “Flight distance” is the terms used for this interspecies spacing. As a general rule, there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance3—the larger the animal, the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy. An antelope4 will flee when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards away. The wall lizard’s5 flight distance, on the other hand is about six feet. Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures.
Critical Distance
Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction. “Critical distance” includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance. 6 A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome. If the man continues the approach, he soon penetrates the lion"s critical distance, at which point the cornered lion reverses direction7 and begins slowly to stalk the man.
Social Distance
Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fatal for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies. Social distance is not simply the distance at which an animal will lose contact with his group—that is, the distance at which it can no longer see, hear, or smell the group—it is rather a psychological distance, one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when he exceeds its limits. We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group8.
Social distance varies from species to species. It is quite short—apparently only a few yards—among some animals, and quite long among others.
Social distance is not always rigidly fixed but is determined in part by the situation. When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother"s voice, social distance may be the length of her reach9. This is readily observed among the baboons in a zoo. When the baby approaches a certain point, the mother reaches out to seize the end of its tail and pull it back to her. When added control is needed because of danger, social distance shrinks. To show this in man, one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street.
词汇：
observant/ əbˈzɜ:vənt/adj. 观察力敏锐的
barrier / "bærɪə(r)/n.障碍物
potential/ pəˈtenʃəl/adj. 潜在的
contact/ "kɒntækt/n. 联系；接触
survival / səˈvaɪvəl/n.逃生，幸免
fatal / "feɪtl/adj.致命的
mobile / "məʊbaɪl/adj.可动的，活动的
rigidly/ "rɪdʒɪdlɪ/adv. 刻板地，死板地
approach / ə"prəʊtʃ/v.朝……走近
baboon / bəˈbu:n/n.狒狒
注释：
According to the passage, social distance refers to .
A:physical distance B:psychological distance. C:physiological distance. D:philosophical distance.
Spacing in Animals 1 Flight Distance
Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees. “Flight distance 2” is the terms used for this interspecies spacing. As a general rule, there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance 3—the larger the animal, the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy. An antelope 4 will flee when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards away. The wall lizard 5’s flight distance, on the other hand is about six feet. Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures.
Critical Distance
Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction. “Critical distance” includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance 6. A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome. If the man continues the approach, he soon penetrates the lion"s critical distance, at which point the cornered lion reverses direction 7 and begins slowly to stalk the man.
Social Distance
Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fatal for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies. Social distance is not simply the distance at which an animal will lose contact with his group—that is, the distance at which it can no longer see, hear, or smell the group—it is rather a psychological distance, one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when he exceeds its limits. We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group 8.
Social distance varies from species to species. It is quite short—apparently only a few yards—among some animals, and quite long among others.
Social distance is not always rigidly fixed but is determined in part by the situation. When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother"s voice, social distance may be the length of her reach 9. This is readily observed among the baboons in a zoo. When the baby approaches a certain point, the mother reaches out to seize the end of its tail and pull it back to her. When added control is needed because of danger, social distance shrinks. To show this in man, one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street.
词汇：
observant[əbˈzɜ:vənt] adj.观察力敏锐的;
barrier["bærɪə(r)] n.障碍物
potential[pəˈtenʃl] adj.潜在的
contact["kɒntækt] n.接触；联系
survival[səˈvaɪvl] n.逃生，幸免;
fatal["feɪtl] adj.致命的
mobile["məʊbaɪl] adj.可动的，活动的;
rigidly["rɪdʒɪdlɪ] adv.刻板的；死板的
approach[ə"prəʊtʃ] v朝……走近
baboon[bəˈbu:n] n.狒狒;
注释:
1.spacing in animals :动物的间隔距离
2．flight distance:逃离距离
3．．，．there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance.……动物体积与其逃离距离之间成正比关系。
4．antelope:羚羊
5．wall lizard:壁虎
6.“Critical distance" includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance.关键距离指逃离距离和进攻距离之间的狭窄区域。
7．reverse direction:调转方向。
8．a hidden band that contains the group:-条控制群体的隐形带
9．the length of her reach:她手臂够得着的长度
Which of the following is the most appropriate definition of Flight Distance?
A:Distance between animals of the same species before fleeing. B:Distance between large and small animals before fleeing. C:Distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing. D:Distance between certain animal species before fleeing.
Spacing in Animals 1 Flight Distance
Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees. “Flight distance 2” is the terms used for this interspecies spacing. As a general rule, there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance 3—the larger the animal, the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy. An antelope 4 will flee when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards away. The wall lizard 5’s flight distance, on the other hand is about six feet. Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures.
Critical Distance
Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction. “Critical distance” includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance 6. A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome. If the man continues the approach, he soon penetrates the lion"s critical distance, at which point the cornered lion reverses direction 7 and begins slowly to stalk the man.
Social Distance
Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fatal for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies. Social distance is not simply the distance at which an animal will lose contact with his group—that is, the distance at which it can no longer see, hear, or smell the group—it is rather a psychological distance, one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when he exceeds its limits. We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group 8.
Social distance varies from species to species. It is quite short—apparently only a few yards—among some animals, and quite long among others.
Social distance is not always rigidly fixed but is determined in part by the situation. When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother"s voice, social distance may be the length of her reach 9. This is readily observed among the baboons in a zoo. When the baby approaches a certain point, the mother reaches out to seize the end of its tail and pull it back to her. When added control is needed because of danger, social distance shrinks. To show this in man, one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street.
词汇：
observant[əbˈzɜ:vənt] adj.观察力敏锐的;
barrier["bærɪə(r)] n.障碍物
potential[pəˈtenʃl] adj.潜在的
contact["kɒntækt] n.接触；联系
survival[səˈvaɪvl] n.逃生，幸免;
fatal["feɪtl] adj.致命的
mobile["məʊbaɪl] adj.可动的，活动的;
rigidly["rɪdʒɪdlɪ] adv.刻板的；死板的
approach[ə"prəʊtʃ] v朝……走近
baboon[bəˈbu:n] n.狒狒;
注释:
1.spacing in animals :动物的间隔距离
2．flight distance:逃离距离
3．．，．there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance.……动物体积与其逃离距离之间成正比关系。
4．antelope:羚羊
5．wall lizard:壁虎
6.“Critical distance" includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance.关键距离指逃离距离和进攻距离之间的狭窄区域。
7．reverse direction:调转方向。
8．a hidden band that contains the group:-条控制群体的隐形带
9．the length of her reach:她手臂够得着的长度
According to the passage, social distance refers to
A:physical distance B:psychological distance C:physiological distance D:philosophical distance
Spacing in Animals 1 Flight Distance
Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees. “Flight distance 2” is the terms used for this interspecies spacing. As a general rule, there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance 3—the larger the animal, the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy. An antelope 4 will flee when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards away. The wall lizard 5’s flight distance, on the other hand is about six feet. Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures.
Critical Distance
Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction. “Critical distance” includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance 6. A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome. If the man continues the approach, he soon penetrates the lion"s critical distance, at which point the cornered lion reverses direction 7 and begins slowly to stalk the man.
Social Distance
Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fatal for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies. Social distance is not simply the distance at which an animal will lose contact with his group—that is, the distance at which it can no longer see, hear, or smell the group—it is rather a psychological distance, one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when he exceeds its limits. We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group 8.
Social distance varies from species to species. It is quite short—apparently only a few yards—among some animals, and quite long among others.
Social distance is not always rigidly fixed but is determined in part by the situation. When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother"s voice, social distance may be the length of her reach 9. This is readily observed among the baboons in a zoo. When the baby approaches a certain point, the mother reaches out to seize the end of its tail and pull it back to her. When added control is needed because of danger, social distance shrinks. To show this in man, one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street.
词汇：
observant[əbˈzɜ:vənt] adj.观察力敏锐的;
barrier["bærɪə(r)] n.障碍物
potential[pəˈtenʃl] adj.潜在的
contact["kɒntækt] n.接触；联系
survival[səˈvaɪvl] n.逃生，幸免;
fatal["feɪtl] adj.致命的
mobile["məʊbaɪl] adj.可动的，活动的;
rigidly["rɪdʒɪdlɪ] adv.刻板的；死板的
approach[ə"prəʊtʃ] v朝……走近
baboon[bəˈbu:n] n.狒狒;
注释:
1.spacing in animals :动物的间隔距离
2．flight distance:逃离距离
3．．，．there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance.……动物体积与其逃离距离之间成正比关系。
4．antelope:羚羊
5．wall lizard:壁虎
6.“Critical distance" includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance.关键距离指逃离距离和进攻距离之间的狭窄区域。
7．reverse direction:调转方向。
8．a hidden band that contains the group:-条控制群体的隐形带
9．the length of her reach:她手臂够得着的长度
According to the passage, social distance refers to
A:physical distance B:psychological distance C:physiological distance D:philosophical distance
A:physical distance B:psychological distance C:physiological distance D:philosophical distance
Spacing in Animals
Flight Distance
Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees. "Flight distance" is the terms used for this interspecies spacing. As a general rule, there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance — the larger the animal, the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy. An antelope will flee when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards away. The wall lizard’s flight distance, on the other hand is about six feet. Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures.
Critical Distance
Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction. "Critical distance" includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance. A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome. If the man continues the approach, he soon penetrates the lion’s critical distance, at which point the cornered lion reverses direction and begins slowly to stalk the man.
Social Distance
Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fatal for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies. Social distance is not simply the distance at which an animal will lose contact with his group — that is, the distance at which it can no longer see, hear, or smell the group — it is rather a psychological distance, one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when he exceeds its limits. We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group.
Social distance varies from species to species. It is quite short — apparently only a few yards — among some animals, and quite long among others.
Social distance is not always rigidly fixed but is determined in part by the situation. When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother’s voice, social distance may be the length of her reach. This is readily observed among the baboons in a zoo. When the baby approaches a certain point, the mother reaches out to seize the end of its tail and pull it back to her. When added control is needed because of danger, social distance shrinks. To show this in man, one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street.
According to the passage, social distance refers to
A:physical distance, B:psychological distance. C:physiological distance. D:philosophical distance.
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