Transport and Trade

    1 Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to¹ their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale².

    2 The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied³ by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between BritainandNew Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.

    3 Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on⁴ what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living.

    4 By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, as, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on⁵ making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.

    5 Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.

词汇：

aid /eid/ n．帮助，援助

plentiful /"plentiful/ adj．充裕的，丰富的

scarce /skeəs / adj．匾乏的，缺少的

canal /kə"næl/ n．运河

suburbs /"sʌbəbz/ n．郊区

deliver /di"livə/v．送（货）

port /pɔ:t/ n．港口

cable /"keibl/ n．电缆

commerce /"kɔməs/ n．商业

注释：

1.    add to：增添，增加

2.    on a small scale：小规模地。注意这里用的介词是on。

3.    accompany：伴随。例如：The dance was accompanied by music．音乐伴舞。

4.    live on：以……为主食

5.    concentrate on：集中

B at any time during the year

C has gieatly promoted trade

D is it possible to produce on a large scale

E the transport of goods

The development of modern means of transport_________.

A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F

Transport and Trade

    1 Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to¹ their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale².

    2 The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied³ by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between BritainandNew Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.

    3 Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on⁴ what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living.

    4 By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, as, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on⁵ making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.

    5 Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.

词汇：

aid /eid/ n．帮助，援助

plentiful /"plentiful/ adj．充裕的，丰富的

scarce /skeəs / adj．匾乏的，缺少的

canal /kə"næl/ n．运河

suburbs /"sʌbəbz/ n．郊区

deliver /di"livə/v．送（货）

port /pɔ:t/ n．港口

cable /"keibl/ n．电缆

commerce /"kɔməs/ n．商业

注释：

1.    add to：增添，增加

2.    on a small scale：小规模地。注意这里用的介词是on。

3.    accompany：伴随。例如：The dance was accompanied by music．音乐伴舞。

4.    live on：以……为主食

5.    concentrate on：集中

B at any time during the year

C has gieatly promoted trade

D is it possible to produce on a large scale

E the transport of goods

Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they want_________.

A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F

As some countries attempt to shift away from natural gas or petroleum energy systems toward coal-based systems, the need for coal slurry(煤泥) will increase in these countries,（）transport mode will be the first choice for transfer this kind of product.

A:Water carriage B:Pipeline transport C:Rail transport D:Surface transport

Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know，however，that they existed over 5,500years ago in ancient Asia. The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5，100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn’t become popular for .while, though . This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around. But it could also be because of a difficult situation. While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces, roads with smooth surfaces weren’t going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them. Eventually,road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later. There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design. In the mid-1700s,a Frenchman came up with a new design of road--a base layer (层)of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller atones. A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong,lasting road surface became a reality.At around the same time,metal hubs(the central part of awheel)came into being,followed by the Wheels were invented in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads(泊油路). As wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster.What might explain why transport wheels didn’t become popular for some time

A:Few knew how to use transport wheels. B:Humans carried farming tools just as well. C:Animals were a good means of transport. D:The existence of transport wheels was not known.

Transport gateways connect byte streams in the transport layer. Application gateways allow interworking above

A:network layer B:data link layer C:transport layer D:application layer

Transport gateways connect byte streams in the transport layer. Application gateways allow interworking above

A:network layer B:data link layer C:transport layer D:application layer

Transport gateways connect byte streams in the transport layer. Application gateways allow interworking above

A:network layer B:data link layer C:transport layer D:application layer