It’s easy to get the sense these days that you’ve stumbled into a party with some powerful drug that dramatically alters identity. The faces are familiar, but the words coming out of them aren’t. Something has happened to a lot of people you used to think you knew. They’ve changed into something like their own opposite.
There’s Bill Gates, who these days is spending less time earning money than giving it away--and pulling other billionaires into the deep end of global philanthropy(慈善事业) with him. There’s historian Francis Fukuyama, leading a whole gang of disaffected fellow travelers away from neoconservatism. To flip-flopis human. It can still sometimes be a political liability, evidence of a flaky disposition or rank opportunism. But there are circumstances in which not to reverse course seems almost pathological(病态的). He’s a model of consistency, Stephen Colbert said last year of George W. Bush:" He believes the same thing Wednesday that he believed on Monday -- no matter what happened on Tuesday."
Over the past three years, I found people who had pulled a big U-turn in their lives. Often the insight came in a forehead-smiting moment in the middle of the night: I’ve got it all wrong.
It looked at first like a sprinkling of outliers beyond the curve of normal human experience. But when you stepped back, a pattern emerged. What these personal turns had in common was the apprehension that we’re all connected. Everything leans on something, is both dependent and depended on.
"The difference between you and me," a visiting Chinese student told University of Michigan psychologist Richard Nisbett not long ago," is that I think the world is a circle, and you think it’s a line." The remark prompted the professor to write a book, The Geography of Thought, about the differences between the Western and the Asian mind.
To Western thinking, the world is linear; you can chop it up and analyze it, and we can all work on our little part of the project independently until it’s solved. The classically Eastern mind, according to Nisbett, sees things differently: the world isn’t a length of rope but a vast, closed chain, incomprehensibly complex and ever changing. When you look at life from this second perspective, some unlikely connections reveal themselves.
I realized this was what almost all the U-turns had in common: people had swung around to face East. They had stopped thinking in a line and started thinking in a circle. Morality was looking less like a set of rules and more like a story, one in which they were part of an ensemble cast, no longer the star.
In the author’s opinion, the major cause of many people to make U-turns is that ______.

A:they have eaten some drug which can change their identities. B:they become to consider the connections between different things. C:they want to succeed in catching some political opportunities. D:they have been stimulated by some big changes in their life experiences.

Text 3

In the author’s opinion, the major cause of many people to make U-turns is that ______.

A:they have eaten some drug which can change their identities. B:they become to consider the connections between different things. C:they want to succeed in catching some political opportunities. D:they have been stimulated by some big changes in their life experiences.

It’s easy to get the sense these days that you’ve stumbled into a party with some powerful drug that dramatically alters identity. The faces are familiar, but the words coming out of them aren’t. Something has happened to a lot of people you used to think you knew. They’ve changed into something like their own opposite.
There’s Bill Gates, who these days is spending less time earning money than giving it away--and pulling other billionaires into the deep end of global philanthropy(慈善事业) with him. There’s historian Francis Fukuyama, leading a whole gang of disaffected fellow travelers away from neoconservatism. To flip-flopis human. It can still sometimes be a political liability, evidence of a flaky disposition or rank opportunism. But there are circumstances in which not to reverse course seems almost pathological(病态的). He’s a model of consistency, Stephen Colbert said last year of George W. Bush:" He believes the same thing Wednesday that he believed on Monday -- no matter what happened on Tuesday."
Over the past three years, I found people who had pulled a big U-turn in their lives. Often the insight came in a forehead-smiting moment in the middle of the night: I’ve got it all wrong.
It looked at first like a sprinkling of outliers beyond the curve of normal human experience. But when you stepped back, a pattern emerged. What these personal turns had in common was the apprehension that we’re all connected. Everything leans on something, is both dependent and depended on.
"The difference between you and me," a visiting Chinese student told University of Michigan psychologist Richard Nisbett not long ago," is that I think the world is a circle, and you think it’s a line." The remark prompted the professor to write a book, The Geography of Thought, about the differences between the Western and the Asian mind.
To Western thinking, the world is linear; you can chop it up and analyze it, and we can all work on our little part of the project independently until it’s solved. The classically Eastern mind, according to Nisbett, sees things differently: the world isn’t a length of rope but a vast, closed chain, incomprehensibly complex and ever changing. When you look at life from this second perspective, some unlikely connections reveal themselves.
I realized this was what almost all the U-turns had in common: people had swung around to face East. They had stopped thinking in a line and started thinking in a circle. Morality was looking less like a set of rules and more like a story, one in which they were part of an ensemble cast, no longer the star.

In the author’s opinion, the major cause of many people to make U-turns is that （）

A:they have eaten some drug which can change their identities B:they become to consider the connections between different things C:they want to succeed in catching some political opportunities D:they have been stimulated by some big changes in their life experiences

How sleep helps US consolidate memories is still largely a mystery. A recent study from the University of Liibeck, in Germany, offers one clue-Subjects were given a list of 46 word pairs to memorize, just before sleep. Then when they reached the deepest stages of sleep, electrical currents were sent through electrodes on their" heads to induce very slow brain waves. Such slow waves were induced at random in the brains of one group of subjects, but not another.
The next morning, the slow-wave group had better recall of the words. Other types of memory were no| improved, and inducing the slow waves later in the night did not have the same eftect. Why and how the slow waves improved memory is not yet understood, but they are thought to alter the strengths of chemical connections, or synapses, between specific pairs of nerve cells in the brain. Memories are "stored" in these synapses: changing the strength of the synapses increases the strength of the memories they store.
It’s not just memory that is improved by sleep. Recent studies indicate that sleep riot only helps store facts, it also helps make connections between them. Ullrich Wagner arid colleagues in Germany used a puzzle in which players were given a string of numbers, and required to make a series of seven calculations based on these numbers. The seventh calculation (which depended on the preceding six) was the" answer. "Participants repeatedly played the same game with the same roles, but different sets of numbers.
The researchers structured the game such that the second calculation always gave the same answer as the seventh calculation-the final answer. If players recognized this rule, they could get to the final answer much faster. Sonic of the players played the game in the morning, then did other things for eight hours or so, then played the game again. Others played the game first in the evening, then slept, then played it again alter awakening. The players who slept were almost three times more likely to have the insight that allowed them to spot the rule.
Why is this important Some sleep researchers believe that for every two hours we spend awake, the brain needs an hour of sleep to figure out what all these experiences mean, and that sleep plays a crucial role in constructing the meaning our lives come to hold. Breakdowns in such sleep-dependent processing may contribute to the development of depression, and may explain why some people who experience horrific traumas go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder.
"Synapses" (Line 4, Paragraph 2) can be explained as

A:specific pairs of nerve cells in the brain. B:memories. C:chemical connections in the brain. D:slow waves in the brain.

How sleep helps US consolidate memories is still largely a mystery. A recent study from the University of Liibeck, in Germany, offers one clue-Subjects were given a list of 46 word pairs to memorize, just before sleep. Then when they reached the deepest stages of sleep, electrical currents were sent through electrodes on their" heads to induce very slow brain waves. Such slow waves were induced at random in the brains of one group of subjects, but not another.
The next morning, the slow-wave group had better recall of the words. Other types of memory were no| improved, and inducing the slow waves later in the night did not have the same eftect. Why and how the slow waves improved memory is not yet understood, but they are thought to alter the strengths of chemical connections, or synapses, between specific pairs of nerve cells in the brain. Memories are "stored" in these synapses: changing the strength of the synapses increases the strength of the memories they store.
It’s not just memory that is improved by sleep. Recent studies indicate that sleep riot only helps store facts, it also helps make connections between them. Ullrich Wagner arid colleagues in Germany used a puzzle in which players were given a string of numbers, and required to make a series of seven calculations based on these numbers. The seventh calculation (which depended on the preceding six) was the" answer. "Participants repeatedly played the same game with the same roles, but different sets of numbers.
The researchers structured the game such that the second calculation always gave the same answer as the seventh calculation-the final answer. If players recognized this rule, they could get to the final answer much faster. Sonic of the players played the game in the morning, then did other things for eight hours or so, then played the game again. Others played the game first in the evening, then slept, then played it again alter awakening. The players who slept were almost three times more likely to have the insight that allowed them to spot the rule.
Why is this important Some sleep researchers believe that for every two hours we spend awake, the brain needs an hour of sleep to figure out what all these experiences mean, and that sleep plays a crucial role in constructing the meaning our lives come to hold. Breakdowns in such sleep-dependent processing may contribute to the development of depression, and may explain why some people who experience horrific traumas go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder.
It is believed that people can remember well after they receive slow waves because

A:they can change the strengths of chemical connections in the synapses. B:they can improve the brain’s ability to store memories. C:they can produce new nerve cells in the brain. D:they can activate the nerve cells that are not workin

How sleep helps US consolidate memories is still largely a mystery. A recent study from the University of Liibeck, in Germany, offers one clue-Subjects were given a list of 46 word pairs to memorize, just before sleep. Then when they reached the deepest stages of sleep, electrical currents were sent through electrodes on their" heads to induce very slow brain waves. Such slow waves were induced at random in the brains of one group of subjects, but not another.
The next morning, the slow-wave group had better recall of the words. Other types of memory were no| improved, and inducing the slow waves later in the night did not have the same eftect. Why and how the slow waves improved memory is not yet understood, but they are thought to alter the strengths of chemical connections, or synapses, between specific pairs of nerve cells in the brain. Memories are "stored" in these synapses: changing the strength of the synapses increases the strength of the memories they store.
It’s not just memory that is improved by sleep. Recent studies indicate that sleep riot only helps store facts, it also helps make connections between them. Ullrich Wagner arid colleagues in Germany used a puzzle in which players were given a string of numbers, and required to make a series of seven calculations based on these numbers. The seventh calculation (which depended on the preceding six) was the" answer. "Participants repeatedly played the same game with the same roles, but different sets of numbers.
The researchers structured the game such that the second calculation always gave the same answer as the seventh calculation-the final answer. If players recognized this rule, they could get to the final answer much faster. Sonic of the players played the game in the morning, then did other things for eight hours or so, then played the game again. Others played the game first in the evening, then slept, then played it again alter awakening. The players who slept were almost three times more likely to have the insight that allowed them to spot the rule.
Why is this important Some sleep researchers believe that for every two hours we spend awake, the brain needs an hour of sleep to figure out what all these experiences mean, and that sleep plays a crucial role in constructing the meaning our lives come to hold. Breakdowns in such sleep-dependent processing may contribute to the development of depression, and may explain why some people who experience horrific traumas go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder.
Apart from helping store facts, sleep also

A:helps analyze facts and draw conclusions. B:helps transform short-term memory into long-term. C:helps make logical induction and deduction. D:helps make connections between them.

WLANs are increasingly popular because they enable cost-effective connections among people and applications that were not possible in the past. For example, WLAN-based applications can enable fine-grained management of supply (11) to improve their efficiency and reduce (12) . WLANs can also enable entirely new business processes. To cite but one example, hospitals are using WLAN-enabled point-of-care (13) to reduce errors and improve overall patient care. WLAN management solutions provide a variety of other benefits that can be substantial but difficult to measure. For example, they can protect corporate data by preventing (14) through rogue access points.They can improve overall network management by integrating with customers’ existing systems. Fortunately, it isn’t necessary to measure these benefits to justify investing in WLAN management solutions, which can quickly pay for themselves simply by minimizing time- (15) deployment and administrative chores.

（13）是（）

A:transportations B:applications C:connections D:translations

The TCP protocolis a （1）layer protocol. Each connection connects two TCPs that may be just one physical network apart or located on opposite sides of the globe. In other words, each connection creates a （2） witha length that may be totally different from another path created by another connection. This means that TCP cannot use the same retransmission time for all connections. Selecting a fixed retransnussion time for all connections can result in serious consequences. If the retransmission time does not allow enough time for a （3） to reach the destination and an acknowledgment to reach the source, it can result in retransmission of segments that are still on the way. Conversely, if the retransmission time is longer than necessary for a short path, it may result in delay for the application programs. Even for one single connection, the retransmission time should not be fixed. A connection may be able to send segments and receive （4） faster during nontraffic period than during congested periods. TCP uses the dynamic retransmission time, a transmission time is different for each connection and which may be changed during the same connection. Retransmission time can be made（5） by basing it on the round-trip time (RTT). Several formulas are used for this purpose.

（4）是（）

A:connections B:requests C:acknowledgments D:datagrams

WLANs are increasingly popular because they enable cost-effective connections among people and applications that were not possible in the past. For example, WLAN-based applications can enable fine-grained management of supply （71） to improve their efficiency and reduce （72） . WLANs can also enable entirely new business processes. To cite but one example, hospitals are using WLAN-enabled point-of-care （73） to reduce errors and improve overall patient care. WLAN management solutions provide a variety of other benefits that can be substantial but difficult to measure. For example, they can protect corporate data by preventing （74）through rogue access points. They can improve overall network management by integrating with customers’ existing systems. Fortunately, it isn’t necessary to measure these benefits to justify investing in WLAN management solutions, which can quickly pay for themselves simply by minimizing time-（75） deployment and administrative chores.

73（）

A:transportations B:applications C:connections D:translations