One of the comical moments in the early history of printing occurred in 1631, when the English printer Robert Barker produced an edition of the scriptures which became known as the "Wicked Bible." This edition contained a misprint of the seventh commandmem. One thousand copies were printed and ready for publication before someone noticed that the commandment had been changed to "Thou shalt commit adultery." Nothing much came of it. The printer was fined, the copies destroyed and the moral fiber of the nation remained intact.
But what happens when the verse at issue is not merely a printer’s error but an ancient interpolation into an even more ancient text Such was the case with 1 John 5:7, the biblical proof-text for the doctrine of the Trinity. Erasmus, Sir Isaac Newton and John Locke, among others, challenged the text’s authenticity. When Erasmus left the verse out of the first edition of his monumental Greek New Testament (1516), he was roundly criticized for encouraging heresies, schisms and conflicts. Erasmus’s critics knew that approaching the Bible in a scholarly fashion was dangerous: even the most pious attempts at rational understanding of scripture could result in skepticism or atheism. How can one appraise the Bible critically and still maintain its authority.
In his engaging and very thorough book, David Katz explores the ways this question was addressed in England from the Reformation onward. A professor at Tel Aviv University, Katz is the author of The Jews in the History of England, 1485-1850 and a host of books and articles on early- modem skepticism and religion. In God’s Last Words, Katz maintains that every era responds to the Bible differently based on shifting cultural assumptions, and he examines the "lens through which the Bible was read" in various historical moments. While Reformation leaders accepted the transparency of the Bible’s message, by the late 17th century, this view could no longer be maintained, Katz states. During the 18th century the Bible came to be regarded as just another literary text--one which increasingly had to conform to contemporary standards of realism. As Darwin’s theories became widely known, 19th-century readers applied an evolutionary model to the Bible and began m see it as the product of a primitive mentality very different from their own. These new ways of reading the Bible seemed to destroy its authority completely until the fundamentalist movement reasserted the old Protestant belief in the Bible’s sole authority.
Why was the edition printed by Robert Barker called the "Wicked Bible"

A:Because it contained a mistake. B:Because it allowed people to commit adultery. C:Because the original content of Bible was changed a lot in this edition. D:Because a misprint of this edition affected the original meanin

An issue that many corporate executives ignore is the possibility that aggressive people seek reinforcement for their own destructive acts. Television violence, for instance, and the widespread public concern accompanying it have led to calls for strict controls on the depiction of violent programs.
In their decision making, some producers do not take responsibility for the equally important minority. Instead, they may gear their content toward the masses, who crave sexually explicit and violent action. Fortunately, this group has the ability to disseminate violent action rationally, realizing that in reality, people who commit acts of violence have to compensate for their actions by taking full responsibility for the harm they cause to others.
Not everyone can distinguish fact from fantasy. Studies show that in one week of content analysis of prime-time output on seven New York City channels, there were 3, 421 acts and threats of violence observed. Children’s fictional entertainment programs had three times the frequency of violent acts or threats recorded in adult programs.
Similarly, aggressive adults are seeking reinforcement for their own anti-social behavior from seeing attractive television characters behave in the same way. Behavioral evidence has indicated that the anti-social effects of violent television portrayals are strongest and are most likely to occur among individuals who are already aggressive. The ethical question is, should television submit to mass appeal or take into consideration the effects on certain members of society, including children The consequences of televising violence are not only harmful to some viewers but concurrently affect the television stations in the form of loss of viewers and possibly gaining a bad reputation. Even though many associations have been condemning television violence, their efforts have had little effect on the large money-making corporations.
In his article, " Sex and Violence " , Joe Saltzman states, " If, as producers argue, violence is a part of the human condition, then so is responsibility. In real life, you just do not commit mayhem and then go on to the next scene. "
It is also necessary to realize that violence is part of our nature and of our life. Almost every day we are participants and observers of violence, whether it is natural violence, theatrical or fictional violence, sporting event violence, or political violence. To exclude all scenes of violence form television would be to falsify the picture of life. Television media can " encourage or aid " destructive behavior, not " cause " it. We hope that the decision makers will promote strong moral, ethical values in their decision making or at least consider them, in order to help prevent our violent self-destructive behavior.
By saying " seek reinforcement for their own destructive acts " (Paragraph 1), the author means " ______ " .

A:find excuses to justify their violent behaviors B:ask others to help with their aggressive actions C:boost their confidence so as to commit more violence D:compete with each other in committing violence

An issue that many corporate executives ignore is the possibility that aggressive people seek reinforcement for their own destructive acts. Television violence, for instance, and the widespread public concern accompanying it have led to calls for strict controls on the depiction of violent programs.
In their decision making, some producers do not take responsibility for the equally important minority. Instead, they may gear their content toward the masses, who crave sexually explicit and violent action. Fortunately, this group has the ability to disseminate violent action rationally, realizing that in reality, people who commit acts of violence have to compensate for their actions by taking full responsibility for the harm they cause to others.
Not everyone can distinguish fact from fantasy. Studies show that in one week of content analysis of prime-time output on seven New York City channels, there were 3, 421 acts and threats of violence observed. Children’s fictional entertainment programs had three times the frequency of violent acts or threats recorded in adult programs.
Similarly, aggressive adults are seeking reinforcement for their own anti-social behavior from seeing attractive television characters behave in the same way. Behavioral evidence has indicated that the anti-social effects of violent television portrayals are strongest and are most likely to occur among individuals who are already aggressive. The ethical question is, should television submit to mass appeal or take into consideration the effects on certain members of society, including children The consequences of televising violence are not only harmful to some viewers but concurrently affect the television stations in the form of loss of viewers and possibly gaining a bad reputation. Even though many associations have been condemning television violence, their efforts have had little effect on the large money-making corporations.
In his article, " Sex and Violence " , Joe Saltzman states, " If, as producers argue, violence is a part of the human condition, then so is responsibility. In real life, you just do not commit mayhem and then go on to the next scene. "
It is also necessary to realize that violence is part of our nature and of our life. Almost every day we are participants and observers of violence, whether it is natural violence, theatrical or fictional violence, sporting event violence, or political violence. To exclude all scenes of violence form television would be to falsify the picture of life. Television media can " encourage or aid " destructive behavior, not " cause " it. We hope that the decision makers will promote strong moral, ethical values in their decision making or at least consider them, in order to help prevent our violent self-destructive behavior.

By saying " seek reinforcement for their own destructive acts " (Paragraph 1), the author means " （） " .

A:find excuses to justify their violent behaviors B:ask others to help with their aggressive actions C:boost their confidence so as to commit more violence D:compete with each other in committing violence

The seriously depressed person sees himself in a very negative way. He is sure that he is alone and hopeless. He often blames himself for ordinary faults and shortcomings which he exaggerates. He is very discouraged about himself, the world, and his future. He becomes less interested in what is going on around him and doesn’t get satisfaction from things he used to enjoy. Fatigue and early morning sleeplessness are quite common. The depressed person may want to sleep more than usual. He may lose his appetite and lose weight or eat more than normally and gain weight. Another particular sign, seen in women is crying spells. Many of these spells are short and common.
Some depressive illness may not show the usual signs of moody sadness and hopelessness. In these cases, the potential depression may mask itself as physical discomfort. It may be a cause of alcoholism, or it may cause addiction to a drug. Chronic fatigue and boredom, as well as continual failure, may be unrecognized forms of depression. There is even evidence that the overly active child may be making up for an potential depression.
Depressives share the feeling that they have lost something very important to them, though often this is not really the case. From a feeling of loss, the depressed person progresses to false ideas that he is a loser and will always be a loser, that he must be worthless and perhaps not fit to live. He may even attempts suicide. So many very depressed people attempt suicide that depressive illness may be considered the only fatal mental illness. Not all those suffering from depressive illness do attempt suicide. Nor are all those who attempt suicide necessarily suffering from illness. But the relationship is striking. It is estimated that as many as 75 percent of those who attempt suicide are seriously depressed, Other studies show that the person hospitalized for depression is about 36 times more likely to commit suicide than is the non-depressed person. The greatest risk occurs during or immediately after hospitalization. After age 40, the possibility of suicide increases in very depressed persons. Almost twice as many women as men suffer from depressive illness. Almost twice as many women as men attempt suicide, but three times more men than women succeed, Depressions is a tragic condition which often leads to broken homes, ruined friendships and careers, and disrupted lives.
Statistics show that ______.

A:one who has been hospitalized is likely to commit suicide B:depressive illness is most obvious in men C:more men than women commit suicide D:children who are loved are never depressed

More and more, the operations of our business, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.
It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing, but even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected but it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards, investigation revealed that’ the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.
Why Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company’s executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.
It can be concluded from the passage that______.

A:it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today B:computer crimes are the one of most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions C:computer criminals can escape punishment because they can’t be detected D:people commit computer crimes at the request of their company

More and more, the operations of our business, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.
It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing, but even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected but it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards, investigation revealed that’ the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.
Why Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company’s executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.
The underlying reason for the computer criminals to get recommendations he needs is that______.

A:they have skills formidably difficult for others to master B:the employers are afraid that they would take avenge if punished C:the employers are much afraid of bringing the public into disbelief towards them through the criminals words in open court D:those who commit crimes do not mean bad

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Statistics show that ______.

A:one who has been hospitalized is likely to commit suicide B:depressive illness is most obvious in men C:more men than women commit suicide D:children who are loved are never depressed

According to politicians, when children commit crimes, they should be treated in the same way as

A:murderers. B:criminals. C:victims. D:adults.

SQL语言的COMMIT语句的主要作用是______。

A:终止程序 B:保存数据 C:事务提交 D:事务回滚