单选题
单选题
What we take from and give to the sea
As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.
We take fishes from the ocean – millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. __1__. We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. __2__. Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea1, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. __3__. Seaweed becomes food of many kinds – even candy, and ice cream – as well as medicine.
Believe it or not, fresh water is anther gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. __4__. But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.
The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. __5__. Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water we pour into it, Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.
We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.
词汇：
fertilizer/ "fɜːtɪlaɪzə / n．化肥
sponge /spɔndʒ/ n．海绵
garbage / "gɑːbɪdʒ / n．垃圾
evaporate / ɪ"væpəreɪt / v．蒸发
seaweed /"si:wi:d/ n．海草
注释：
1.Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too.还有不少金和银的漂流物溶解在海水里。
2.Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life.把垃圾往大海里倾倒就是在把海洋生物杀绝灭尽。
练习:
A.Natural sponges become cleaning aids.
B.We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.
C.The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.
D.Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.
E.We even use their bones for fertilizer.
F.Some of its contents may cause illness.
空1
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
The First Four Minutes
You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. ___2___ If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.
When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, “People like people who like themselves1. ”
On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic，realizing that the other person has his own needs， fears, and hopes.
Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I"m not a friendly, self-confident person. That"s not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way. ”
___3___We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. “It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one. ”
But isn"t it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don"t actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honesty" is not always good for social relationships2 ’ especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger3. That is not the time to complain about one"s health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one"s opinions and impressions.
___4___For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.
The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course5 in everyschool, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. ___5___That is at least as important as how much we know.
Undivided/ ʌndɪ"vaɪdɪd / adj．不分散的，专一的
accustomed / ə"kʌstəmd / adj．惯常的
personality / pɜːsə"nælɪtɪ / n．个性，人格
1.People like people who like themselves.人们喜欢那些有自信心的人。这里的who like themselves不作“喜欢自己”解，根据上下文，可以解释为“有自信的人”。
A In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.
B Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4 relationships with family members and friends.
C In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.
D Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.
E He keeps looking over the other person"s shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.
F He is eager to make friends with everyone.
空2
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
Virtual Driver
Driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzing with a brain, and coordination between hands, feet and brain. A man has sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzes through his brain, and maintains coordination between his hands and brains. He can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body. _____(1)_____ Apparently there isn"t anyone in the driver"s cab, but there is in fact a virtual driver1. This virtual driver has eyes, brains, hands and feet too. The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. If you open the boot, you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system: a built-in computer. _____(2)_____ The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at2, analyzing their position on the road, choosing the right path, and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.
In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver"s best advantage is that it reacts quickly. _____(3)_____ However, it takes the world"s best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesn"t include the time he needs to take action.
With its rapid reaction and accurate control, the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it have the wheel3 at any time and in any place? _____(4)_____ With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways.
The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. _____(5)_____ This being the case4, people still have high hopes about driverless cars, and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like5.
词汇：
virtual /"və: tʃuəl/ adj．虚拟的
built-in adj．嵌入的
coordination / kəu,ɔ:di"neiʃən /n．协调，配合
racecar n．赛车
cab /kæb/ n．驾驶室
expressway /ik"spreswei/ n．高速公路
minicamera n．小型照相机
driverless adj．无驾驶员的
boot /bu:t/ n．（车身后部的）行李箱
注释：
1. virtual driver：虚拟驾驶员
2. The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at…车的大脑负责计算汽车周围物体移动的速度。The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at=The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds at which objects surrounding the car are moving。
3. have the wheel：驾驶汽车
4. This being the case：虽然情况是这样。This being the case是独立主格结构。
5. …highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like．未来的汽车就应该是高度智能化的汽车。
练习：
A Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.
B In the near future, intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation.
C This is the brain of the car.
D But how does an intelligent car control itself?
E It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds.
F However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them.
空4
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
Einstein Named "Person of the Century"
Albert Einstein, whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets of the atom and of the universe, was chosen as "Person of the Century" by Time magazine on Sunday.
A man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius，Einstein has come to represent more than any other person the flowering of the 20th century scientific thought that set the stage for the age of technology.
"The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic，but technological 一 technologies that flowed directly from advances in basic science. ” wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Time essay explaining Einstein"s significance ____1____
Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt1 to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism, and Mahatma Gandhi2 as an icon for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics.
"What we saw was Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedom"s fight against totalitarianism, Gandhi personifying the great theme of individuals struggling for their rights, and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances that helped expand the growth of freedom. ” said Time Magazine Editor Walter Isaacson.
Einstein was born in Ulm,Germanyin 1879. ____2____He was slow to learn to
speak and did not do well in elementary school. He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams3 ？
In 1905, however, he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate
examples of human imagination in history. ____3____ Everything else — mass， weight, space, even time itself — is a variable. And he offered the world his now-famous equation ： energy equals mass times the speed of light squared — E = mc2.
____4____ "There was less faith in absolutes, not only of time and space but also of truth and morality."
Einstein"s famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons. In 1939, six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University, Einstein，an avowed pacifist4，signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did. ____5____Einstein did not work on the project.
Einstein died inPrinceton,New Jerseyin 1955.
词汇：
unravel / ʌn"rævl / vt.解开
synonymous / sɪˈnɒnɪməs / adj.同义的
runner-up 亚军，第二名
icon /" "aɪkɒn / n.象征；图符
totalitarianism / təʊˌtælə"teərɪənɪzəm / n.极权主义
personify/ pə"sɒnɪfaɪ / vt.象征，体现
intricate / ˈɪntrɪkət / adj.复杂的
constant / "kɒnstənt / n.常量
variable / "kɒnstənt / n, 变量
equation / ɪˈkweʒən -ʃən / n.等式
注释：
1.President Franklin Roosevelt:美国第 32 任总统罗斯福（1882—1945)
2.Mahatma Gandhi:印度政治和精神领袖、改革家甘地(1869—1948)
3.He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams.他无法忍受一切都安排得 死死的教学，讨厌考试。
4.avowed pacifist:公开承认的和平主义者
练习：
A "Indirectly, relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality, art and politics. ” Isaacson wrote in an essay explaining Time"s choices.
B How he thought of the relativity theory influenced the general public"s view about Albert Einstein.
C ” Clearly, no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein. ”
D Roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the "Manhattan Project" that secretly developed the first atomic weapon.
E In his early years, Einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become.
F In his “ Special Theory of Relativity ”，Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light.
空4
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
What we take from and give to the sea
As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.
We take fishes from the ocean – millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. __1__. We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. __2__. Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea1, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. __3__. Seaweed becomes food of many kinds – even candy, and ice cream – as well as medicine.
Believe it or not, fresh water is anther gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. __4__. But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.
The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. __5__. Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water we pour into it, Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.
We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.
词汇：
fertilizer/ "fɜːtɪlaɪzə / n．化肥
sponge /spɔndʒ/ n．海绵
garbage / "gɑːbɪdʒ / n．垃圾
evaporate / ɪ"væpəreɪt / v．蒸发
seaweed /"si:wi:d/ n．海草
注释：
1.Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too.还有不少金和银的漂流物溶解在海水里。
2.Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life.把垃圾往大海里倾倒就是在把海洋生物杀绝灭尽。
练习:
A.Natural sponges become cleaning aids.
B.We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.
C.The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.
D.Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.
E.We even use their bones for fertilizer.
F.Some of its contents may cause illness.
空1
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
Across the Deserts
The SaharaDesertis the largest desert in the world. It stretches across Africa fromSenegaltoEgypt. TheSaharaDesertis an unfriendly environment. During the day it"s very hot, and at night it’s sometimes very cold. It is also difficult to find water in theSahara.
In 2006, Kevin Lin, Ray Zahab, and Charlie Engle decided to do something very difficult. They made the decision to run across the Sahara Desert 4,300 miles (6,920km). It seemed impossible to do, but they wanted to try. The three men liked to test themselves, and this would be a very big test.
On the morning of November 2, Kevin, Ray, and Charlie started their trip across theSahara. Every morning they began running at 5:00. At11 a.m. they stopped and rested until 5 p.m. Then they ran again until 9:30 in the evening. Each day they ran about 40 miles (64 km). Every day it was the same thing. They got up and ran. They listened to music on their iPods, and they ran and ran.
Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed to eat a lot of food during their trip. Most people need about 2,000 calories of food each day. Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed between 6,000 and 9,000 calories every day. That"s a lot of food! They also needed to drink a lot of water.
The three men had some problems on their trip, and many times they wanted to quit and go home. It was often very hot (140°F/60°C) during the day, and the heat made them sick. Their legs and feet hurt. Sometimes it was very windy, and they couldn"t see. One time they got lost. But they didn"t quit. After 111 days, Kevin, Ray; and Charlie successfully finished their trip across theSaharaDesert. They hugged each other and put their hands in the water of theRed Sea. Then they ran to a hotel to take a long shower.
词汇：
Stretch / strɛtʃ / v. 延伸，伸展
Calorie / "kælərɪ / n. 卡(路里)，小卡，大卡
Quit / kwɪt / v. 停止，放
注释：
1. ... made the decision to run across ...：......决正跑步横跨......They sometimes felt sick because it was so hot.
A:Right B:Wrong C:mentioned
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下面第20～21题基于如下描述：有5个进程P1，P2，P3，P4，P5，它们几乎同时进入就绪队列，它们的优先数和需要的处理器时间如下所示。假设优先数小的优先级高，忽略进行调度等所花费的时间。 进程 处理器时间 优先数 P1 10 3 P2 1 1 P3 2 3 P4 1 5 P5 5 4 |
A:P2、P1、P5、P3、P4 B:P2、P3、P1、P5、P4 C:P4、P1、P3、P5、P2 D:P4、P3、P1、P5、P2
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