单项选择
单项选择
Creating the Logistics Vision Nowadays,most companies are familiar with the idea of "mission statement"as an expression of setting a vision for the business.The mission statement seeks to define the pur-pose of the business,its boundaries and its aspirations.It is now common for organizations to have such statement for the business as a whole and for key constituent components.What some companies have found is that there can be significant benefits to defining the lo-gistics vision of the firm. The purpose of the logistics vision statement is to give a clear indication which business intends to build a position of advantage through closer customer relationship.Such state-ment is never easy to construct.There is always the danger that they will publish the ener-getic and encouraging declaration that give everyone a warm feeling but provide no guideline for action. Ideally the logistics vision should be built around the simple issue of"How do we intend to use logistics and supply chain management to create value for our customers?"To realize this idea will necessitate a detailed understanding of how customer value is created and deliv-ered in the market in which the business competes.Value chain analysis will be a fundamen-tal element in this investigation as will the definition of the core competencies and capabilities of the organization.Asking the question"What activities dowe excel in?"and"What is it that differentiates us from our competitors?"is the starting point for creating the logistics vision statement. Earlier,it was suggested that the three words"Better,Faster,Cheaper"summarizes the ways in which logistics vision statement can provide value for customers.The criterion for good logistics vision statement is that it should provide the road map for how these three goals are to be achieved． Questions:
What does mission statement intend to do?( )
A:To please management. B:To define,summarize anda chieve a common goal. C:To achieve higher market share and profitability. D:To develop new market.
Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay1
Staying positive2 through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill，new study findings suggest. In an experiment that.exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus3, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition4 were less likely to fall ill.
The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a "positive emotional style”5 can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses. Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat6 or runny nose.
"People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus，，’ explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “ And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe. ”
Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less Susceptible to7 catching a cold, but some questions remained as to8 whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.
For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional "style". Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy，tense and hostile had a negative style.
The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days，the volunteers reported on any aches，pains，sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
词汇：
bay /bei/ n.绝境，穷途末路
flu /flu:/ (influenza 的简称）n.流（行性）感（冒）
virus /"vaiarss/ n.病毒
disposition /jdisps"zijsn/ n.本性，性情
psychosomatic /jsaiksuso"maetik/ adj.心身的，身心的
boost /buist/ vt. 提高，举起
scratchy /"skraetji/ adj.刺痛的，使人发痒的
runny /"rAni/ adj.流黏液的
Pittsburgh /"pitsbaig/ n.匹兹堡（美国城 市）
colleague /"kDliig/ n.同事
susceptible /so"septobl/ adj.易感的，敏感的
catch / kaetJ/ vt.感染到
trait /trei，treit/ n.特质；特性
perceive /po"siiv/ vt.发觉，觉察；理解
energetic /ensd3etik/ adj.精力充沛的，精神饱满的
easy-going /iizi"gsuig/ adj.随和的
tense /tens/ adj.紧张的
hostile /"hDstail/ adj.敌意的
nasal / 丨neizl/ adj.鼻的
ache /eik/ n.(长时间连续的）疼痛，酸痛
sneeze /sniiz/ vi.打喷噴
congestion /kon"dsestpn/ n.充血
mucus /"mjuikss/ n.點液
woe /wou/ n.痛苦，苦恼；（复）灾难，苦头
注释：
1.Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay:情绪乐观的人不易患感冒。warm people 原意是 “热心肠的人，情绪高昂的人” ,keep/hold.. at bay是“使……走投无路，不使……接近”的意 思，因此本题目如果直译则是“情绪高昂的人可能让感冒不能得逞”或“情绪高昂的人可能 远离感冒”或“情绪高昂的人可能拒感冒于千里之外”。
2.staying positive:保持积极向上（的情绪）
3.exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus:使健康的志愿者接触感冒（病毒）或流感病 毒。expose原意是“使暴露，使面临”，这里expose sb. to sth.是“使……接触……”的意思。
4.sunny disposition:乐观开朗的个性
5.positive emotional style:乐观情绪型，情绪积极型
6.scratchy throat ：嗓子痛
7.susceptible to:对……敏感的，容易受到……影响的
8.as to:关于，至于
According to a study author, when people with a positive emotional style do get a cold, they may think____
A:that their illness is very serious B:that their illness is not so serious C:that they do not get any illness at all D:that the illness they get is not a mild one
Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference
Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky 1.When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy.
Most student leaders don"t want to spend a large amount of time on something they care little about, said 22-year-old UniversityofFloridastudent Darren Heitner. He was the Dance Marathon"s operations officer for two years.
Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at theUniversityofWisconsin, conducted a survey in February of students involved in campus organizations 2. She said the desire for friendship was the most frequently cited reason for joining.
At large universities like Fangmeyer"s, which has more than 40,000 students, the students first of all want to find a way to "belong in their own corner of campus".
Katie Rowley, a Wisconsin senior, confirms the survey"s findings."I wanted to make the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not only get involved on campus butalso find a group of friends."
All of this talk of friendship, however, does not mean that students aren"t thinking about their resumes. "I think that a lot of people do join to "fatten up their resume"", said Heitner."At the beginning of my college career, I joined a few of these organizations, hoping to get a start in my leadership roles."
But without passion student leaders can have a difficult time trying to weather the storms that come. For example, in April, several student organizations atWisconsinteamed up 3 for an event designed to educate students about homelessness and poverty. Student leaders had to face the problem of solving disagreements, moving the event because of rainy weather, and dealing with the university"s complicated bureaucracy.
"Outside-of the classroom learning really makes a big difference", Fangmeyer said.
词汇：
bunch /bʌntʃ/n．群
marathon /"mærə,θən/n．马拉松；耐力活动
fundraiser /"fʌnd"reizə/n．募捐
weather /"weðə(r)/v．经受风雨
bureaucracy /bju"rakrəsi/n．官僚机构
注释：
1.Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky．让一群大学生去负责募集30万美元的马拉松式的跳舞活动，这种募捐听起来肯定有点儿冒险。"putting... in charge of…”是“让……负责……”。
2.Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at theUniversityofWisconsin, conducted a survey in February of students involved in campus organizations. Yvonne Fangmeyer是威斯康星大学学生组织办公室主任，在2月组织了一次学生参加校园组织的调查。"a survey of students involved in campus organizations”太长了，所以“in February”插到了中间。
3. team up：参加。
What do student leaders need to carry an activity through to a successful end? _________.
A:Passion B:Money C:Power D:Fame
Life as a Movie Extra
Ordinary people have always been attracted to the world of movies and movie stars. One way to get closer to this world is to become a movie extra. Although you have seen movie extras, you may not have paid attention to them. Extras are the people seated at tables in a restaurant while the two main actors are in conversation. They are the guests at the wedding of the main characters. They are the people crossing the street while "the bad guy" is being chased by the police. Extras don"t normally speak any lines, but they help make the scenes look real. 1
Being a movie extra might seem like a lot of fun. You get to see what life is like behind the scenes. But don"t forget that being an extra is really a job, and it"s mostly about doing nothing. First-time extras are often shocked to learn how slow the process of movie making is. In a finished movie, the action may move quickly. But it can sometimes take a whole day to shoot a scene that appears for just a few minutes on the screen.
The main requirement for being an extra is the ability to wait. You may report to work at 5 or 6 a. m. , and then you wait until the director is ready for your scene. This could take several hours. Then there may be technical problems, and you have to wait some more. After the director says "action" and you do the first "take", you may have to do it again if he or she is not satisfied with the scene. In fact, you may have to do the same scene over and over again. You could be on the set for hours, sometimes waiting outdoors in very hot or cold weather. 2You may not be finished until 11 p. m. or midnight. The pay isn"t good, either often only a little bit above minimum wage. And you must pay the agent who gets you the job a commission of about 10 percent.
So who would want to be a movie extra? In spite of the long hours and low pay, many people still apply for the job. Some people truly enjoy the work. They like being on a movie set, and they enjoy the companionship of their fellow extras. Most of them have flexible schedules, which allow them to be available, 3 They may be students, waiters, homemakers, retired people, or unemployed actors. Some unemployed actors hope the work will help them get real acting jobs, but it doesn"t happen often. Most people in the movie industry make a sharp distinction between extras and actors, so extras are not usually considered for large parts.
The next time you see a movie, don"t just watch the stars. Take a closer look at the people in the background, and ask yourself: Who are they? Why are they there? What else do they do in life?Maybe there is someone in the crowd who is just like you.
词汇：
movie extra 群众演员
chase [tʃeɪs] vt．追捕
shoot [ʃu:t] vt． 拍摄
action ["ækʃn] n． （导演指令）开拍
commission [kə"mɪʃn] n． 佣金
注释：
1.Extras don’t normally speak any lines，but tlley help make me seenes look real．：虽然群众演员通常没有台词，但他们的存在使整个场景更加逼真。
2.You could be on me set for hours，sometimes waiting outdoors in very hot or cold weatller．：在拍摄现场，你可能一演就是几个小时，有时还要一直待在很热或很冷的环境中。on the set：在拍摄现场。
3.Most of them have flexible schedules，which allow them to be available．：这些人中大部分都是时间比较灵活的人，这样他们就能腾出时间来演戏。
What might surprise movie extras the first time they do the job?
A:It can take hours to do a scene that is only a few minutes long in the movie B:They always do the same scene many times C:The actors are interested in talking to them D:The action moves very quickly
The unions do not want a strike, ______.
A:and neither the management does B:and neither the management do C:and neither does the management D:and neither do the management
The unions do not want a strike, ______.
A:and neither the management does B:and neither the management do C:and neither does the management D:and neither do the management
The unions do not want a strike, ______.
A:and neither the management does B:and neither the management do C:and neither does the management D:and neither do the management
