单项选择
单项选择
Starting a New Tradition
Shantelle Davis is a nine-year-old girl in New York. On a cold night in December, her family is standing around the kitchen table while she lights a candle. The table is decorated with baskets of fruits and vegetables and ears of com for Shantelle and her two brothers.
“This candle represents umoja, an African word that means being together,” Shantelle says. “That"s the most important thing for a family.”
Tonight is the first night of Kwanzaa, and Shantelle is spending the holiday with her family. More than 5 million African Americans celebrate Kwanzaa every year from December 26 until January I. It"s a time when they get together with their families to think about their history and their ancestors in Africa 1.
Kwanzaa is very unusual because it was started by one man. In 1966, an American named Maulana Karenga wanted a holiday for African-Americans to honor their culture and traditions. So he used words and customs fromAfricato create a new celebration. He took the name Kwanzaa from the words for “first fruits” in Swahili, an African language. At first, a few American families had small celebrations at home. Now there are also Kwanzaa events in schools and public places，and Kwanzaa has spread to other countries like Canada and Jamaica.
The main symbol of Kwanzaa is a candleholder with seven candles, one for each of the principles of Kwanzaa. Each night, a family member lights one of the candles and talks about the idea it represents：being together, being yourself, helping each other, sharing, having a goal，creating, and believing. The candles are red, black, and green, the colors of Kwanzaa. The parents also pour drinks to honor family members who have died. On the last night of Kwanzaa, there is a big dinner with African food, and children receive small presents.
Today people can buy Kwanzaa greeting cards and special Kwanzaa clothes. Stores sell Kwanzaa candles and candleholders. Some people don"t believe that Kwanzaa is a real holiday，because it"s so new. But other people say that customs and celebrations are always changing and that Kwanzaa shows what is important in people"s lives 2.
Shantelle Davis says she likes Kwanzaa because it"s fun. “But I also learn new things every year," she says.
词汇：
ancestor n.祖宗，祖先
be decorated with 由……所装饰
honor/ "ɒnə(r) / vt. 尊敬,使荣幸; n.荣誉,尊敬
ears of com玉米穗
candleholder/ "kændlˌhəʊldə / n.烛台
注释：
1. It"s a time when they get together with their families to think about their history and their ancestors in Africa.这段时间里他们和家人待在一起缅怀他们的历史和非洲的祖先。
2. ... shows what is important in people"s lives. ……展现了人们生活中重要的东西。
Kwanzaa is a holiday for African-Americans.
A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
Starting a New Tradition
Shantelle Davis is a nine-year-old girl in New York. On a cold night in December, her family is standing around the kitchen table while she lights a candle. The table is decorated with baskets of fruits and vegetables and ears of com for Shantelle and her two brothers.
“This candle represents umoja, an African word that means being together,” Shantelle says. “That"s the most important thing for a family.”
Tonight is the first night of Kwanzaa, and Shantelle is spending the holiday with her family. More than 5 million African Americans celebrate Kwanzaa every year from December 26 until January I. It"s a time when they get together with their families to think about their history and their ancestors in Africa 1.
Kwanzaa is very unusual because it was started by one man. In 1966, an American named Maulana Karenga wanted a holiday for African-Americans to honor their culture and traditions. So he used words and customs fromAfricato create a new celebration. He took the name Kwanzaa from the words for “first fruits” in Swahili, an African language. At first, a few American families had small celebrations at home. Now there are also Kwanzaa events in schools and public places，and Kwanzaa has spread to other countries like Canada and Jamaica.
The main symbol of Kwanzaa is a candleholder with seven candles, one for each of the principles of Kwanzaa. Each night, a family member lights one of the candles and talks about the idea it represents：being together, being yourself, helping each other, sharing, having a goal，creating, and believing. The candles are red, black, and green, the colors of Kwanzaa. The parents also pour drinks to honor family members who have died. On the last night of Kwanzaa, there is a big dinner with African food, and children receive small presents.
Today people can buy Kwanzaa greeting cards and special Kwanzaa clothes. Stores sell Kwanzaa candles and candleholders. Some people don"t believe that Kwanzaa is a real holiday，because it"s so new. But other people say that customs and celebrations are always changing and that Kwanzaa shows what is important in people"s lives 2.
Shantelle Davis says she likes Kwanzaa because it"s fun. “But I also learn new things every year," she says.
词汇：
ancestor n.祖宗，祖先
be decorated with 由……所装饰
honor/ "ɒnə(r) / vt. 尊敬,使荣幸; n.荣誉,尊敬
ears of com玉米穗
candleholder/ "kændlˌhəʊldə / n.烛台
注释：
1. It"s a time when they get together with their families to think about their history and their ancestors in Africa.这段时间里他们和家人待在一起缅怀他们的历史和非洲的祖先。
2. ... shows what is important in people"s lives. ……展现了人们生活中重要的东西。
Kwanzaa is a very old holiday.
A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
Starting a New Tradition
Shantelle Davis is a nine-year-old girl in New York. On a cold night in December, her family is standing around the kitchen table while she lights a candle. The table is decorated with baskets of fruits and vegetables and ears of com for Shantelle and her two brothers.
“This candle represents umoja, an African word that means being together,” Shantelle says. “That"s the most important thing for a family.”
Tonight is the first night of Kwanzaa, and Shantelle is spending the holiday with her family. More than 5 million African Americans celebrate Kwanzaa every year from December 26 until January I. It"s a time when they get together with their families to think about their history and their ancestors in Africa 1.
Kwanzaa is very unusual because it was started by one man. In 1966, an American named Maulana Karenga wanted a holiday for African-Americans to honor their culture and traditions. So he used words and customs fromAfricato create a new celebration. He took the name Kwanzaa from the words for “first fruits” in Swahili, an African language. At first, a few American families had small celebrations at home. Now there are also Kwanzaa events in schools and public places，and Kwanzaa has spread to other countries like Canada and Jamaica.
The main symbol of Kwanzaa is a candleholder with seven candles, one for each of the principles of Kwanzaa. Each night, a family member lights one of the candles and talks about the idea it represents：being together, being yourself, helping each other, sharing, having a goal，creating, and believing. The candles are red, black, and green, the colors of Kwanzaa. The parents also pour drinks to honor family members who have died. On the last night of Kwanzaa, there is a big dinner with African food, and children receive small presents.
Today people can buy Kwanzaa greeting cards and special Kwanzaa clothes. Stores sell Kwanzaa candles and candleholders. Some people don"t believe that Kwanzaa is a real holiday，because it"s so new. But other people say that customs and celebrations are always changing and that Kwanzaa shows what is important in people"s lives 2.
Shantelle Davis says she likes Kwanzaa because it"s fun. “But I also learn new things every year," she says.
词汇：
ancestor n.祖宗，祖先
be decorated with 由……所装饰
honor/ "ɒnə(r) / vt. 尊敬,使荣幸; n.荣誉,尊敬
ears of com玉米穗
candleholder/ "kændlˌhəʊldə / n.烛台
注释：
1. It"s a time when they get together with their families to think about their history and their ancestors in Africa.这段时间里他们和家人待在一起缅怀他们的历史和非洲的祖先。
2. ... shows what is important in people"s lives. ……展现了人们生活中重要的东西。
People spend a lot of time with their families during Kwanzaa.
A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
The National Trust
The National Trust in Britainplays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not a rich Government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings ofBritain. It is charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public 1. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest.
The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4, 500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust"s “Country House Scheme”. Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses 2. Last year about one and three quarters of a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge.
In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills 3, nature reserves 4, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousand five hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.
So it is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.
词汇：
preservation /prizə"veiʃən/ n．维护，保留
unspoiled /ʌn"spɔild/ adj．没有毁坏的
charity /"tʃæriti/ n．慈善团体
acre/"eikə/ n．英亩
castle /"ka: sl/ n．城堡
accessible /ək"sesibl/ adj．可以到达的，可以得到的
注释：
1．It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public.它是个慈善机构，靠公众中的会员自愿支持它才得以生存。depend on someone for something：在某事上依靠某人。又如：We depend on John for news supplies．在消息来源方面我们依靠约翰。原句中由于depend on的宾语voluntary support from members of the public较长，因此，将for its existence提前。这种现象本文中还有另外两处。第一句中的for public enjoyment和第二段倒数第二句中的accessible to the public都分别被提前。
2．…the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses. ……托管委员会拯救了大约150座这样的老房子，并使大众能参观这些老房子。make something accessible to someone：使某人能接触（或使用）某物。又如：The school has decided to make sports facilities more readily accessible to students．学校决定让学生能更方便地使用体育设施。
3．wind and water mills：靠风力和水流驱动的磨坊
4．nature reserves：自然保护区
The public may enter a wood under the protection of the National Trust without paying any money, but they are not allowed to bring in canned food and bev.
A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
The Only Way Is Up
Think of a modem city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don"t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.
When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building upwards.
The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home.
Elisha Otis, a USinventor, was the man who brought us the lift-or elevator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention 1. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders.
A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts 2.
"It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space 3 we carry around with us -- and you just can"t choose to move away," says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says. Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the comers. Most people try and shrink into the background. But some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a comer taking notes.
Don"t worry about them. They are probably from a university.
词汇:
skyline["skaɪlaɪn] n.空中轮廓线
tension["tenʃ(ə)n] n.紧张
pulley ["pʊlɪ] n.滑轮
bubble["bʌbl] n.幻想,妄想;
fairground [ˈfeəgraʊnd] n.露天市场
注释：
1．It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention.正是这项技术赢得了人们对新发明的信心。本句使用了强调句型It is... that...被强调的是this，所指代的是上文中所说的Otis发明了电梯刹车的事。
2．The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts.对于研究人类来说，最接近的方式就是在电梯里观察他们。句中的that指的是上一句中提到的科学家一直对动物园里的动物进行观察。
3．about the bubble of personal space:有关私人空间的幻想。
When Oti.s came up with the idea of a lift,____.
A:he sold it to the architects and builders immediately B:the Egyptians used it to build the Pyramids C:it was accepted favorably by the public D:most people had doubt about its safety
The Only Way Is Up
Think of a modem city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don"t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.
When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building upwards.
The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home.
Elisha Otis, a USinventor, was the man who brought us the lift-or elevator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention 1. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders.
A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts 2.
"It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space 3 we carry around with us -- and you just can"t choose to move away," says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says. Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the comers. Most people try and shrink into the background. But some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a comer taking notes.
Don"t worry about them. They are probably from a university.
词汇:
skyline["skaɪlaɪn] n.空中轮廓线
tension["tenʃ(ə)n] n.紧张
pulley ["pʊlɪ] n.滑轮
bubble["bʌbl] n.幻想,妄想;
fairground [ˈfeəgraʊnd] n.露天市场
注释：
1．It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention.正是这项技术赢得了人们对新发明的信心。本句使用了强调句型It is... that...被强调的是this，所指代的是上文中所说的Otis发明了电梯刹车的事。
2．The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts.对于研究人类来说，最接近的方式就是在电梯里观察他们。句中的that指的是上一句中提到的科学家一直对动物园里的动物进行观察。
3．about the bubble of personal space:有关私人空间的幻想。
When Oti.s came up with the idea of a lift,____.
A:he sold it to the architects and builders immediately B:the Egyptians used it to build the Pyramids C:it was accepted favorably by the public D:most people had doubt about its safety
在下列程序的横线处填上适当的内容，使程序执行后的输出结果为ABCD。 #include＜iostream＞ using namespace std； class A { public：A（ ）{cout＜＜‘A’；} }； Class B： { public：B（ ）{cout＜＜‘B’；} }； class C://virtual public A { public：C（ ）{cout＜＜‘C’；} }； class D://public B，public D { public：D（ ）{tout＜＜‘D’；} }； void main（ ）{D obj；}
A:public A B:private A C:protected A D:virtual public A
